Journal of Integrative Neuroscience

The neurocognitive substrates of decision making in the context of chess has appealed to the interest of investigators for decades. Expert and beginner chess players are hypothesized to employ different functional brain networks when involved in episodes of critical decision making while playing chess. Cognitive capacities including, but not restricted to, pattern recognition, visuospatial search, reasoning, planning, and decision making are perhaps the key determinants of the reward and judgment decisions made during chess games...

In neuropsychological disorders significant abnormalities in brain connectivity are observed in some regions. A novel model demonstrates connectivity between different brain regions in children with autism. Wavelet decomposition is used to extract features such as relative energy and entropy from electroencephalograph signals. These features are used as input to a 3D-cellular neural network model that indicates brain connectivity. Results show significant differences and abnormalities in the left hemisphere, (p > 0...

Electrophysiological monitoring of saccadic eye movements in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was carried out. Externally guided saccades (prosaccades) were recorded using a patented hardware-software complex for studying a subject's physical activity. Recordings were performed in two independent experimental procedures - for saccades separately and when they were coordinated with movement of the head and hand. In both cases statistically significant differences of latent period and duration of saccadic eye movement were detected for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy subjects in comparison with healthy controls of the same age (p > 0...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with varying levels of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. This study investigates brain function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using measures of nonlinear dynamics in EEG signals during rest. During eyes-closed resting, 19 channel EEG signals were recorded from 12 ADHD and 12 normal age-matched children. We used the multifractal singularity spectrum, the largest Lyapunov exponent, and approximate entropy to quantify the chaotic nonlinear dynamics of these EEG signals...

A 82-year-old male experiencing headaches, dementia, urinary incontinence and gait instability was diagnosed with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and underwent a resting state magnetoencephalography (MEG) examination. MEG data were recorded in a magnetically shielded room with a whole-head 122 channel biomagnetometer. Following MEG, a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt was placed in his head and greatly improved his symptomatology. Spontaneous MEG recordings revealed lower magnetic fields at frontal and frontotemporal regions compared to central and posterior regions...

Performing multiple tasks either simultaneously, in rapid alternation or in succession, is routine in daily life. Further, testing rodents in a battery of tests is common both in drug discovery and behavioral phenotyping research. However, learning of new tasks can be influenced by prior experience(s). There has been some research on 'switching cost' involved in the transition from one behavior to another. However, there has been no specific assessment of the effect of learning an operant paradigm on performance in a spatial memory task and vice versa...

The continuing prevalence of a highly heritable and hypo-reproductive extreme tail of a human neurobehavioral quantitative diversity suggests the reproductive majority retains the genetic mechanisms for extremes. From the perspective of stochastic epistasis, the effect of an epistatic modifier variant can randomly vary in both phenotypic value and effect direction among carriers depending on the genetic identity and the modifier carriers are ubiquitous in the population. The neutrality of the mean genetic effect in carriers ensures the survival of the variant under selection pressures...

The aim of this paper is to investigate the information aggregation methods under induced interval-valued Pythagorean trapezoidal fuzzy environment. Some Einstein operational laws on Pythagorean trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are defined based on Einstein sum and Einstein product. In this paper, we introduce the idea of induced interval-valued Pythagorean trapezoidal fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric (I-IVPTFEOWG) operator and induced interval-valued Pythagorean trapezoidal fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric (I-IVPTFEHG) operator...

Working memory is the cognitive process of receiving, processing, and communicating information. Early evaluation and training may help to prevent a marked decline in working-memory ability. The aim of this study was to establish an n-back task system for objectively evaluating the working-memory ability based on the θ power, the γ power, and the degree of θ-γ synchronization. Our experiments were divided into four memory loads (1-back to 4-back) and further divided into digital and matrix stimulation modes...

Cognitive processing is needed to elicit emotional responses. At the same time, emotional responses modulate and guide cognition to enable adaptive responses to the environment. However, most empirical studies and theoretical models of cognitive functions have been investigated without taking into account emotion, which is considered interference that is counterproductive to the correct functioning of the cognitive system. To understand how complex behaviors are carried out in the brain, an understanding of the interactions between emotion and cognition may be indispensable...

In vivo calcium imaging is a powerful tool used to record neuronal activity from living animals. For this purpose, two-photon excitation laser-scanning microscopy is commonly used because of the optical accessibility of deep tissues. In this study, we report that one-photon confocal scanning laser microscopy, when optimally tuned, is also applicable for in vivo calcium imaging from the superficial layer of the neocortex. By combining a Nipkow-disk confocal unit with a fluorescence stereo zoom microscope and a high numerical aperture objective, we succeeded in recording the fluorescence signal of individual cells at a depth of up to 160 μm in brain tissues, which corresponds to layer II of the mouse neocortex...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder greatly accompanied by oxidative stress and acetylcholine reduction in synaptic cleft that leads to dementia. Previously approved there is correlation between nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) degeneration and loss of memory, learning ability and thought. The aim of this study was to investigate improving effects of Echium amoenum aqueous extract on memory deficient, pathophysiological and oxidative damages imposed by NBM lesion in rats as documented AD model...

The role of cerebellum in coordination of somatic motor activity has been studied in detailed in various species. However, experimental and clinical studies have shown the involvement of the cerebellum with various visceral and cognitive functions via its vast connections with the central nervous system. The present study aims to define the cortical and subcortical and brain stem connections of the cerebellum via the superior (SCP) and middle (MCP) cerebellar peduncle using biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and Fluoro-Gold (FG) tracer in Wistar albino rats...

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common diseases in the elderly population, and the substantia nigra is generally involved in the disease process; however, the signaling pathways and related genes underlying Parkinson's disease remain unclear. This study integrated three cohorts of profile datasets to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in Parkinson's disease. The expression profiles of GSE8397, GSE20186 and GSE49036 were included 55 available substantia nigra tissue samples from individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and 33 substantia nigra tissue samples from healthy controls...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects an estimated 5.4 million people worldwide. However, there remains no curative treatment for the condition. Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation are the main hallmarks of the disease; they interfere with glutamate uptake and mediate glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration. As virgin coconut oil (VCO) is well-known as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural compound, the purpose of the present study was to assess the possible prophylactic effect of VCO on aluminium chloride (AlCl3)- induced AD in rat...

Speech emotion recognition is a challenging obstacle to enabling communication between humans and machines. The present study introduces a new model of speech emotion recognition based on the relationship between the human brain and mind. According to this relationship, the proposed model consists of two parts: the brain short term memory (BSTM) and mind long term memory (MLTM). The input of the BSTM is emotional speech signals. Then, this part gives one copy of information to the MLTM. The reason is that the brain needs to save information as knowledge in a bigger and safer place similar to the human mind...

In this paper we propose and analyze a pathogen dynamics model with antibody and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. We incorporate latently infected cells and three distributed time delays into the model. We show that the solutions of the proposed model are nonnegative and ultimately bounded. We derive four threshold parameters which fully determine the existence and stability of the five steady states of the model. Using Lyapunov functionals, we established the global stability of the steady states of the model...

The flow of magnetohydrodynamic Carreau liquid with the Brownian moment, thermophoresis and cross diffusion effects is investigated numerically. The buoyancy persuades on the flow is contemplated in such a way that the surface is neither perpendicular/horizontal nor wedge/cone. This is very helpful in the design of jet-engine. The equations govern the flow are transmuted using acceptable similarity variables and numerically solved by recruiting Runge-Kutta based Newtons method. The graphical results are obtained to discuss the stimulus of flow, thermal and concentration fields for different parameters of interest...

In this work, a comparative study of seven well-known mathematical techniques for the coupled Burgers' equations is reported. The techniques involve in this comparison are as follows: Laplace transform Adomian decomposition method, Laplace transform homotopy perturbation method, Variational iteration method, Variational iteration decomposition method, Variational iteration homotopy perturbation method, the optimal homotopy asymptotic method, and OHAM with Daftardar-Jafari polynomial. Here we considered a practical example which consists of coupled Burgers' equations with the kinematic viscosity ε=1...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the character of quantitative EEG of viral encephalitis. METHOD: Collect the EEG data of hospitalized children with viral encephalitis diagnosed by pediatricians from January 2013 to September 2016, and EEG data of normal cases at the same age were control group. Using quantitative EEG analysis technologies to obtain power spectrum value, power spectrum value, 1 power spectrum value, 12 power spectrum value, 21 power spectrum value, and 12 power spectrum value...