IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience

Pulsed magnetic field treatment can enhance cell membrane permeability, allowing large molecular substances that normally cannot pass through the cell membrane to enter the cell. This research holds significant prospects for biomedical applications. However, the mechanism underlying pulsed magnetic field-induced cell permeabilization remains unclear, impeding further progress in research related to pulsed magnetic field. Currently, hypotheses about the mechanism are struggling to explain experimental results...

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) have recently gained attention, as they are inexpensive, green in nature, and sustainable. As per the report, by Allied Market Research the global market size of MFCs will increase from $264.8 million in 2021 to $452.2 million in 2030, growing at a CAGR of 4.5%. The present work is a comparative study of various types of electrolytes that can be used in MFCs. The working electrodes were printed using conducting graphene-based Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments with the help of a 3D printer under the principle of the fused deposition method...

A challenge for real-time monitoring of biochemical processes, such as cells, is detection of biologically relevant molecules. This is due to the fact that spectroscopy methods for detection may perturb the cellular environment. One approach to overcome this problem is coupled microfluidic-spectroscopy, where a microfluidic output channel is introduced in order to observe biologically relevant molecules. This approach allows for non-passive spectroscopy methods, such as mass spectrometry, to identify the structure of molecules released by the cell...

Liposomes are spherical vesicles formed from bilayer lipid membranes that are extensively used in targeted drug delivery as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic reagents to specific tissues and organs in the body. Recently, we have reported using estrone as an endogenous ligand on doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes to target estrogen receptor (E.R.)-positive breast cancer cells. Estrone liposomes were synthesized using the thin-film hydration method, which is a long, arduous, and multistep process. Here, we report using a herringbone micromixer to synthesize estrone liposomes in a simple and rapid manner...

In this paper, we propose a new coding scheme for DNA storage using low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and interleaving techniques. While conventional coding schemes generally employ error correcting codes in both inter and intra-oligo directions, we show that inter-oligo LDPC codes, optimized by differential evolution, are sufficient in ensuring the reliability of DNA storage due to the powerful soft decoding of LDPC codes. In addition, we apply interleaving techniques for handling non-uniform error characteristics of DNA storage to enhance the decoding performance...

L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), a critical amino acid whose aberrant levels impact melanin and dopamine levels in human body while also increasing insulin resistance thereby increasing the risk of type 2. The objective of this study was to detect the amount of L-Tyr in human fluids by tailored electrochemical synthesis of well adhered, homogenous and thin molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by the electro-polymerization of pyrrole on glassy carbon electrode modified functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The key benefits of this procedure over previous imprinting techniques were the elimination of expensive materials like Au and tedious multi-step synthesis, for L-Tyr detection using a handheld potentiostat...

A numerical model based on the Transfer matrix method (TMM) is proposed for the first time to study the gold coated tapered fibre optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with eight different types of taper profiles namely linear, exponential-linear, Gaussian, quadratic, sinusoidal, error function type and highly perturbed taper profile so-called chirp type of profile. The performance in terms of sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (D.A.), amplitude dip, and half power points are estimated with respect to tapering ratio and choices of taper profile...

In molecular communication (MC), molecules are released from the transmitter to convey information. This paper considers a realistic molecule shift keying (MoSK) scenario with two species of molecule in two reservoirs, where the molecules are harvested from the environment and placed into different reservoirs, which are purified by exchanging molecules between the reservoirs. This process consumes energy, and for a reasonable energy cost, the reservoirs cannot be pure; thus, our MoSK transmitter is imperfect, releasing mixtures of both molecules for every symbol, resulting in inter-symbol interference (ISI)...

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium-doped zinc oxide (Mg-doped ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Ziziphus oxyphylla's aqueous leaf extract as reducing agent. UV-Vis absorption peaks at 324 nm and 335 nm were indicative of ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO, respectively. FTIR absorption bands observed at 3238, 1043, 1400, 1401, 2186 and 2320 cm-1 suggested the presence of phenols, alcohols, saturated hydrocarbons, and possibly alkynes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed pure, spherical and agglomerated NPs with average size of 35...

The efficient application of the newly developed gene-editing method CRISPR/Cas9 requires more accurate intracellular gene delivery. Traditional delivery approaches, such as lipotransfection and non-viral delivery methods, must contend with major problems to overcome the drawbacks of low efficiency, high toxicity, and cell-type dependency. The high-throughput microdroplet-based single-cell transfection method presented herein provides an alternative method for delivering genome-editing reagents into single living cells...

Known for its water solubility, flexibility, strong adhesion, and eco-friendly nature, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used in various industries. In the medical field, it is used for applications such as creating bandages and orthopaedic devices. Incorporating sodium alginate (SA) into PVA membranes enhances their structural integrity, breathability, and permeability, thereby minimising the risk of cellular damage in the wound zone. Moreover, the addition of tamanu oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) and silver nanoparticles, both of which are known for their antibacterial properties and benefits in traditional wound healing, further enhances the membranes' wound-healing effectiveness...

Advancements in biotechnology and molecular communication have enabled the utilization of nanomachines in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN2 ) for applications such as drug delivery, cancer detection, and emergency rescue services. To study these networks effectively, it is essential to develop an ideal propagation model that includes the channel response between each pair of in-range nanomachines and accounts for the interference received at each receiver node. In this paper, we employ an advection-diffusion equation to obtain a deterministic channel matrix through a vascular WBAN2 ...

Biosensors are needed for today's health monitoring system for detecting different biomolecules. Graphene is a monolayer material that can be utilized to sense biomolecules and design biosensors. We have proposed a Graphene-Gold-Silver hybrid structure design based on Zinc Oxide which gives sensitive performance to detect hemoglobin biomolecules. The advanced biosensor designed based on this hybrid structure shows the highest sensitivity of 1000 nm/RIU which is far better concerning similar structure previously analyzed...

DNA storage stands out from other storage media due to its high capacity, eco-friendly, long lifespan, high stability, low energy consumption, and low data maintenance costs. To standardize the DNA encoding system, maintain consistency in character representation and transmission, and link binary, base, and character together, this paper combines the encoding method with ASCII code to construct an ASCII-DNA encoding table. The encoding method can encode not only pure text information but also audio and video information and satisfies the GC content constraint and the homopolymer constraint, and the encoding density reaches 1...

In nanopore sequencers, single-stranded DNA molecules (or k-mers) enter a small opening in a membrane called a nanopore and modulate the ionic current through the pore, producing a channel output in the form of a noisy piecewise constant signal. An important problem in DNA-based data storage is finding a set of k-mers, i.e. a DNA code, that is robust against noisy sample duplication introduced by nanopore sequencers. Good DNA codes should contain as many k-mers as possible that produce distinguishable current signals (squiggles) as measured by the sequencer...

This work introduces a systematic approach for the development of Kretschmann configuration-based biosensors designed for non-invasive urine glucose detection. The methodology encompasses the utilization of various semiconductors, including Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Gallium Nitride (GaN), Aluminum Nitride (AlN), and Indium Nitride (InN), in combination with a bimetallic layer (comprising Au and Ag films of equal thickness) to enhance the biosensor sensitivity. Additionally, 2D nanomaterials, such as Black Phosphorus and Graphene, are integrated into the semiconductor layers to enhance performance further...

Viscoelasticity is a crucial property of cells, which plays an important role in label-free cell characterization. This paper reports a model-fitting-free viscoelasticity calculation method, correcting the effects of frequency, surface adhesion and liquid resistance on AFM force-distance (FD) curves. As demonstrated by quantifying the viscosity and elastic modulus of PC-3 cells, this method shows high self-consistency and little dependence on experimental parameters such as loading frequency, and loading mode (Force-volume vs...

In the field of coordination and bioorganometallic chemistry, a notable shift is occurring. This mini-review explores a new generation of carefully 3D-crafted coordination and organometallic complexes that differ from conventional structures. Emphasizing disease intervention and microbial control, these compounds, incorporate noble and transition metals, and aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential health risks. The mini-review covers diverse applications, showcasing their effectiveness against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and as potential tools in cancer treatment...

In this paper, we present a model of the bio-cyber interface for the Internet of Bio-Nano Things application. The proposed model is inspired by the gains of integrating the Clustered Regularly Interspace Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology with the Graphene-Field effect transistor (GFET). The capabilities of the integrated system are harnessed to detect nucleic acids transcribed by another component of the bio-cyber interface, a bioreporter, on being exposed to the signalling molecule of interest...

The current global pandemic not only claims countless human lives but also rocks the economies of every country on the planet. This fact needs the development of novel, productive, and efficient techniques to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This review article discusses the current state of SARS-CoV-2 virus detection methods such as electrochemical, fluorescent, and electronic, etc., as well as the potential of optical sensors with a wide range of novel approaches and models. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of various detection methods by comparing the various techniques in depth...