Metabolic Syndrome and related Disorders

Blood pressure (BP) responses to recommended aerobic training can vary widely between individuals. Although studies demonstrate the role of exercise training in regulating BP responsiveness, predictive models are still unknown. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic predictive markers for the diagnosis of BP responsiveness based on baseline characteristics and postexercise ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) before an aerobic training program in postmenopausal women. Sixty-five postmenopausal women with essential hypertension were randomly allocated into the continuous aerobic training (CAT, n  = 51) and nonexercising control (CON, n  = 14) groups...

Aim: Studies that explored endocan (as a novel marker of endothelial dysfunction) in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS) are scarce and show discordant results. Importantly, no study has yet examined serum endocan levels in exclusively postmenopausal women with MetS and free of diabetes. Oxidative stress and inflammation are the key features of MetS and consequently cardiovascular diseases. Hence, we aimed to explore the potential relationship between endocan, oxidative stress [ i.e., determined by total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance (PAB)], inflammation, and MetS in a cohort of postmenopausal women...

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are the most widely used anthropometric indices for identifying obesity. This study aimed to compare and clarify the usefulness of BMI, WC, and the combination of these two indicators in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 15,267 Korean adults. We defined four obesity categories using BMI and WC as follows: BMI nonobese and WC nonobese (BNWN); BMI obese and WC nonobese (BOWN); BMI nonobese and WC obese (BNWO); and BMI obese and WC obese (BOWO)...

Aim: Conditions linked to metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, are common in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These conditions can act synergistically to contribute to negative outcomes. We describe and analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 severity in terms of risk of hospitalization. Methods: We designed a retrospective, cross-sectional study, including patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Clinical and laboratory parameters regarding metabolic syndrome were collected...

Objective: Current evidence regarding the safety of abdominal subcutaneous injections in pregnant women is limited. In this study, we developed a predictive model for abdominal skin-subcutaneous fat thickness (S-ScFT) by gestational periods (GP) in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 354 cases were measured for S-ScFT. Three machine learning algorithms, namely deep learning, random forest, and support vector machine, were used for S-ScFT predictive modeling and factor analysis for each abdominal site. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and RapidMiner softwares...

Objectives: Machine learning has potential to improve the management of lipid disorders. We explored the utility of machine learning in high-risk patients in primary care receiving cholesterol-lowering medications. Methods: Machine learning algorithms were created based on lipid management guidelines for England [National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CG181] to reproduce the guidance with >95% accuracy. Natural language processing and therapy identification algorithms were applied to anonymized electronic records from six South London primary care general practices to extract medication information from free text fields...

Background: Public health measures necessary to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) impacted lifestyles and health practices. This multiyear cohort analysis of U.S. working-aged adults aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on metabolic syndrome and explores contributing factors. Methods: This longitudinal study ( n  = 19,543) evaluated year-to-year changes in metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors through employer-sponsored annual health assessment before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using logistic mixed-effects model...

Background: Relationships between metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammation, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported, but long-term follow-up studies are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether MetS and C-reactive protein (CRP) from young adulthood associated with the risk of subclinical kidney damage (SKD), a surrogate measure for CKD, in mid-adulthood. Materials and Methods: One thousand fifteen participants from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study aged 26-36 years at baseline (2004-2006) were followed up at age 36-49 (2014-2019)...

Objective: To investigate the possible association between rs3480 and rs16835198 of the fibronectin type III domain containing 5 ( FNDC5 ) /Irisin and their haplotypes with the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Maya-Mestizo women. Methods: We studied 547 postmenopausal women of Maya-Mestizo origin. The diagnosis of T2DM was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. rs3480 and rs16835198 of FNDC5/Irisin were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination...

Background: Albumin, the most abundant and physiologically vital serum protein, accumulates a range of chemical modifications, as consequence of encounters with large number of reactive molecules whose concentrations increase in serum under pathological conditions. Methods: In a "proof of concept" study, mass spectrometric analysis was utilized to quantitate albumin post-translational modifications (glycation, oxidation, and truncation; individual isoforms and total) in four informative subject groups [type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes-obesity and healthy; all with estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/(min·m2 )]...

Purpose: To evaluate the association between diverse surrogate markers of insulin resistance and adiponectin concentrations. Methods: Four hundred healthy participants were included. Two different cohorts were formed according to the body mass index (BMI) values. Group 1 ( n  = 200) consisted of individuals with normal BMI values (18.50-24.99 kg/m2 ), whereas in Group 2 ( n  = 200) there were overweight or obese individuals (BMI ≥25.00 kg/m2 ). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglycerides-glucose index (TyG) were calculated...

Thyroid hormone (TH) imbalances, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHT), are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). SCHT is more prevalent in CKD and ESKD patients than in the general population, and this condition increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. The risk of CVD is higher in CKD and ESKD patients compared with the general population. Traditional and nontraditional risk factors, including TH abnormalities, contribute to the high CVD burden in CKD and ESKD patients...

Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an integral role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, where an hyperactivation has been related with serum lipid alterations. The biological effects of ECS are limited by the activation of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake as precursors. The FAAH Pro129Thr variant has been associated with obesity in some populations. However, the association with metabolic phenotypes in the Mexican population has not been studied...

A thorough examination of the available literature has revealed a well-established association of obesity and high body mass index (BMI) with an increased risk of various types of cancers, including hematologic malignancies. Specifically, the studies reviewed indicate a clear correlation between obesity and an increased risk of leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative diseases. Despite the established association of obesity and high BMI with hematologic malignancies, the underlying mechanisms remain largely undetermined...

Objective: Triglyceride (TG) levels are affected by food intake, and the cutoff values for nonfasting TG levels vary. This study aimed to calculate fasting TG levels based on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Methods: Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine estimated triglyceride (eTG) levels using data from 39,971 participants divided into six groups based on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C) levels (<100, <130, <160, <190, <220, and ≥220 mg/dL)...

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Objectives: Various diseases are associated with obesity and metabolism. We sought to investigate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diverse metabolic obesity phenotypes. Methods and Results: A prospective observational study of 1517 participants ≥25 years of age without CVD at baseline was conducted. Participants were categorized into four groups based on the condition of central obesity and metabolic health status: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight, and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO)...

Background and Aims: To evaluate the effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on the function and metabolic changes, as well as the relationship of the virus with blood groups. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study included a matched sample of adult individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( n  = 114) or without (controls; n  = 236). Blood samples were collected and processed for triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood typing analysis...

Schizophrenia, a serious psychiatric disorder, is among the top 10 global causes of disability and affects nearly 1% of the world population. Antipsychotics constitute the best treatment for patients with schizophrenia, however, this treatment class carries a high risk of metabolic syndrome, including lipid abnormalities. Indeed, the risk of metabolic syndrome would be increased in the population with schizophrenia compared to the general population. The objective is to summarize the prevalence, the mechanisms, and the potential treatments of antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome...

Background: Bariatric surgery has a significant effect on weight loss and improves adipose tissue insulin resistance (adipose-IR); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on adipose-IR improvement after bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Methods: A prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up was conducted in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. Pre- and postoperative variables, including the body mass index (BMI), glucose and lipid metabolic indicators, and the adipose-IR index, were collected and analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in patients with obesity...