Hormones : International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

PURPOSE: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare glycemic control, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with (a) insulin detemir and (b) insulin neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH). METHODS: A total of 192 women with GDM were included in the analysis. Ninety-eight women received detemir, while 94 women received NPH. Data regarding medical history, glycemic control, and time and mode of delivery, as well as neonatal outcomes, were recorded...

PURPOSE: To assess the comparative efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs on liver steatosis as assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with T2D. METHODS: We searched several databases and grey literature sources. Eligible trials had at least 12 weeks of intervention, included patients with T2D, and assessed the efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs as monotherapies. The primary outcome of interest was absolute reduction in liver fat content (LFC), assessed by means of MRI...

PURPOSE: To date, risk factors affecting abnormal glycemic control have not been investigated. This study aimed to analyze risk factors for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in diabetic cancer patients receiving nutritional support by using machine learning methods. METHODS: This retrospective two-center study was performed using medical records. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were estimated from univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Machine learning algorithms, including five-fold cross-validated multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, and random forest, were developed to predict risk factors for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia...

The widespread use of glucocorticoids (GCs) contributes to the effective management of several diseases and conditions. However, it comes at a price in the case of the bones causing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP), the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis and fractures. Several scientific societies have issued comprehensive guidelines on the optimal management of patients receiving GCs with the aim of providing answers to three fundamental questions, namely, whom to treat, when to treat, and how to treat...

PURPOSE: Studies of flash glucose monitoring systems (FGMSs) in pregnancy are insufficient, especially in gestational diabetes (GD). Our aim was to evaluate Freestyle Libre's usability and accuracy (compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG]) for GD patients in real-life conditions. METHODS: This is a prospective study with pregnant women diagnosed with GD (n = 24 for the usability analysis; n = 19 for the accuracy analysis). The study duration was up to 28 days (lifetime of two sensors)...

PURPOSE: To identify changes in anterior pituitary gland hormone levels in brain-dead patients and alterations in free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine, cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol levels. METHODS: Ten postmenopausal women and 22 men with brain death (BD) were included. The first blood sample for determination of hormones (pre-BD) was collected when the clinician observed the first signs of BD. The second blood sample (BD day) was drawn after BD certification...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

UNLABELLED: PURPOSE  : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, sleep-related breathing disorder which leads to increased cardiovascular risks. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various cardiometabolic complications, including increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level, prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and the effect of CPAP treatment on serum 25-OHD levels among adult patients with OSA...

The liver plays a critical role in several metabolic pathways, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, is closely associated with insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Hepatokines, newly discovered proteins secreted by hepatocytes, have been linked to the induction of these metabolic dysregulations. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, has been associated with NAFLD and IR, while hyperandrogenism additionally appears to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the latter...

PURPOSE: Management of type 2 diabetes is advancing beyond glycemic control and is increasingly based on cardiovascular risk stratification. This review summarizes recent advances in the field and identifies existing knowledge gaps and areas of ongoing research. METHODS: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed for recently published cardiorenal outcome trials, relevant guidelines, and studies on antidiabetic agents in the pipeline. RESULTS: Findings from cardiovascular outcome trials support the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for patients with established cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors, although it as yet remains uncertain whether the benefits are transferable to patients at lower absolute cardiovascular risk...

Vitamin D (VD) plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis, while the wealth of its pleiotropic actions is gaining increasing research interest. Sufficient VD concentrations are of clinical relevance, particularly in the context of physiological alterations, such as those occurring during pregnancy when maternal VD is the sole source for the developing fetus. As a result, inadequate VD concentrations in pregnancy have been associated with perinatal complications and adverse neonatal outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, increased rates of cesarean section, low birth weight, small-for-gestational-age infants, poor immune and skeletal growth, allergies, and respiratory infections...

BACKGROUND: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare condition caused by various underlying diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases, and infiltrative diseases. Differentiating between CDI etiologies is difficult. What has initially been classified as "idiopathic" central diabetes insipidus might in fact underlie various pathogenic mechanisms that are less understood to date and/or are not obvious at initial presentation. Therefore, even if idiopathic CDI is diagnosed at the time of onset, it is common for tumors such as germinoma to develop during surveillance...

PURPOSE: Dysregulation of the stress system via incidental long exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to weight gain. In addition, family and maternal stress can also have an impact on children's weight. Hair is used in several studies to evaluate cortisol (GC) levels in children and adolescents with excess weight as a retrospective stress biomarker, depending on the hair length the cortisol measurement depicting different time periods. We aimed to investigate whether there is a difference among segmental hair cortisol concentration (HCC) analysis between children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, their mothers, and normal weight peers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: We aimed to clarify the influence of thyroid autoantibodies at various clinical stages of hypothyroidism on the risk of pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation. METHODS: We enrolled 230 pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing of thyroid function, antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG) were applied among all participants. RESULTS: Coexisting overt hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibodies quadrupled the risk of miscarriage in women before 20 weeks of gestation (OR 4...

BACKGROUND: An imbalance between adipokines and micronutrient concentrations, such as those of copper (Cu), has been linked to dysregulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and the development of other comorbidities; however, information on this issue remains limited. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between Cu status and serum adipokine levels and their relationship in normal-weight, overweight, and obese adult women. METHODS: Sixty patients were evaluated and classified according to their body mass index (BMI) and biochemical parameters; adipokines and Cu were measured at fasting...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of radioiodine treatment (RAI) on blood cell counts in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and to describe the characteristics of patients at high risk for blood cell count abnormalities. METHODS: The study included patients with DTC who underwent RAI treatment between 2007 and 2017. Patients with regular complete blood counts for at least 5 years were included, while those with diseases or treatments that could influence blood count parameters were excluded...

BACKGROUND: Adropin, a unique peptide hormone, has been associated with the regulation of several physiological processes, including glucose homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism, and neovascularization. However, its possible role in ovarian function is not understood. Our objective was to examine the expression of adropin and its putative receptor, GPR19, in the ovaries of mice at various phases of the estrous cycle. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to explore the localization and changes in expression of adropin and GPR19 in the ovaries during different phases of the estrous cycle in mice...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormone synthesis is a complex process in the human body. Although the thyroid gland is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, skeletal muscles also have crucial roles in thyroid hormone metabolism due to the deiodinase activities of the muscle cells. Hypothyroidism-related myopathy is a well-known entity. However, systemic effects of acute myopathies, such as rhabdomyolysis, on thyroid hormone metabolism have not to date been fully clarified. METHODS: Fifty-three earthquake victims were evaluated retrospectively...

PURPOSE: Hypercholesterolemia due to a high-cholesterol diet is linked to numerous diseases and may lead to male infertility. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The maintenance of male fertility requires intact testicular structures (including seminiferous tubules and mesenchyme) and functioning cells (Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells, etc.), production of appropriate concentrations of sex hormones, and cooperation among testicular cells. Thus, we considered whether male fertility declined as the structure and function of testicular cells were altered in rats on a high-cholesterol diet...