Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment

Objectives: Immune checkpoint (ICP) expression in tumor cells could directly or indirectly affect the results of immunotherapy. ICP ligands on tumor cells usually bind their immune cell receptors to inhibit the activity, resulting in tumor immune escape. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of various chemotherapeutic drugs on ICP expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different pathological subtypes to provide a basis for the development of a superior regimen of chemotherapy combined with ICP blockade...

Multiple myeloma (MM) produces clonal plasma cells and aberrant monoclonal antibody accumulation in patients' bone marrow (BM). Around 1% of all cancers and 13% of hematological malignancies are caused by MM, making it one of the most common types of cancer. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods for managing MM are currently undergoing extensive research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that reduce or inhibit the translation of their target mRNA after transcription. Because miRNAs play an influential role in how myeloma develops, resources, and becomes resistant to drugs, miRNA signatures may be used to diagnose, do prognosis, and treat the myeloma response...

Fullerenes are carbon molecules that are found in nature in various forms. They are composed of hexagonal and pentagonal rings that create closed structures. Almost 4 decades ago, fullerenes were identified in the form of C60 and C70 , and following the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this discovery in 1996, many laboratories started working on their water-soluble derivatives that could be used in different industries, including pharmaceutical industries. One of the first fullerene forms that was the focus of different research groups was fullerenol, C60 (OH) n ( n   =  2-44)...

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had increased globally over the past decades. Previous studies found that transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with lenvatinib had also shown efficacy in the unresectable HCC. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TACE combined with lenvatinib and camrelizumab to treat unresectable multiple nodular and large HCC (>5 cm). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2018 and June 2021, we retrospectively recruited 82 patients with unresectable multiple nodular and large HCC (BCLC stage B or C with a single nodular diameter of >5 cm)...

As an important branch of artificial intelligence and machine learning, deep learning (DL) has been widely used in various aspects of cancer auxiliary diagnosis, among which cancer prognosis is the most important part. High-accuracy cancer prognosis is beneficial to the clinical management of patients with cancer. Compared with other methods, DL models can significantly improve the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, this article is a systematic review of the latest research on DL in cancer prognosis prediction...

Purpose: During ultrasound (US)-guided radiotherapy, the tissue is deformed by probe pressure, and the US image is limited by changes in tissue and organ position and geometry when the US image is aligned with computed tomography (CT) image, leading to poor alignment. Accordingly, a pixel displacement-based nondeformed US image production method is proposed. Methods: The correction of US image deformation is achieved by calculating the pixel displacement of an image. The positioning CT image (CTstd ) is used as the gold standard...

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Background: Hypoxia is known to play a critical role in tumor occurrence, progression, prognosis, and therapy resistance. However, few studies have investigated hypoxia markers for diagnosing and predicting prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). This study aims to identify a hypoxia genes-based biomarker for predicting COAD patients' prognosis and response to immunotherapy on an individual basis. Methods: Hypoxia-related genes were extracted from the Molecular Signatures Database. Gene expression, clinical data, and mutation data of COAD were collected retrospectively from the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Gene Expression Omnibus, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium databases...

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death, and its main site of metastasis is the liver. The surgical method used for metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver varies according to the lobe affected, as does the prognosis. However, there is a lack of relevant basic research. Therefore, a good animal model is needed for basic studies of metastases from colorectal cancer to the different lobes of the liver. METHODS: A CT26 colon cancer cell line transfected with a virus expressing green fluorescent protein was inoculated into BALB/C mice via the spleen...

Theranostic agents are promising due to their ability to diagnose, treat and monitor different types of cancer using a variety of imaging modalities. The advantage specifically of nanoparticles is that they can accumulate easily at the tumor site due to the large gaps in blood vessels near tumors. Such high concentration of theranostic agents at the target site can lead to enhancement in both imaging and therapy. This article provides an overview of nanoparticles that have been used for cancer theranostics, and the different imaging, treatment options and signaling pathways that are important when using nanoparticles for cancer theranostics...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term effectiveness of a high-power (150 W) microwave ablation (MWA) device for tumor ablation in the lung, liver, and kidney. METHODS: Between December 2021 and June 2022, patients underwent high-power MWA for liver, lung, and kidney tumors. A retrospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The MWA system utilized a 150-W, 2.45-GHz microwave generator (Emprint™ HP Ablation System, Medtronic)...

Tumor ablation is included in several major cancer therapy guidelines. One technical challenge of percutaneous ablation is targeting and verification of complete treatment, which is prone to operator variabilities and human imperfections and are directly related to successful outcomes, risk for residual unablated tumor and local progression. The use of "Prediction Ablation Volume Software" may help the operating Interventional Radiologist to better plan, deliver, and verify before the ablation, via virtual treatment zones fused to target tumor...

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, there are currently limited treatment options that are widely available to patients with advanced lung cancer, and further research is required to inhibit or reverse disease progression more effectively. In lung and other solid tumor cancers, autophagy and glycometabolic reprograming are critical regulators of malignant development, including proliferation, drug resistance, invasion, and metastasis. To provide a theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy and glycometabolic reprograming to prevent lung cancer, we review how autophagy and glycometabolism are regulated in the malignant development of lung cancer based on research progress in other solid tumors...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the safety and efficacy profiles of TACE using DC Beads LUMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 90 patients with HCC who underwent TACE with DC Bead LUMI™ between November 2018 and November 2020 at Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Policlinico Hospital in Milan, Italy. Patient- and tumour-related factors were registered, including the number of treated lesions, dose of DC Beads LUMI™, dose of Epirubicin, DC Beads LUMI™ target tumour coverage (LC) according to the percentage of target nodule involvement (LC1-0%-25%, LC2-25%-50%, LC3-50%-75%, LC4 75%-100%)...

Despite extensive treatment with surgery and chemotherapy many patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer experience intraperitoneal disease relapse. The α-emitting 224 radium-labelled microparticle radionuclide therapeutic Radspherin® is being explored as a novel treatment option for these patients. Radspherin® is specially designed to give local radiation to the surface of the peritoneal cavity and potentially kill remaining attached micrometastases as well as free-floating cancer cells, thus preventing future relapse...

Cutting-edge developments in machine learning and deep learning are improving all aspects of cancer research and treatment. Nowadays, the applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning to clinical aspects of cancer research have received more attention from scholars, with particular emphasis on diagnosis, prognosis, detection, and treatment.

Despite the use of colonoscopy to detect colon cancer due to its aggressiveness, high cost, and lack of patient compliance, the use of laboratory tests with high accuracy and sensitivity, such as tumor marker M2-PK and Inhibin A is recommended and can be effective for early diagnosis and screening of patients in the early stages. We studied 46 patients admitted it the gastrointestinal ward of Amir al Momenin Hospital and 45 normal (age and sex-matched) subjects as a control group (case-control and retrospective studies)...

OBJECTIVE: To prepare S2.2/DOX magnetic nanoliposomes by combining the potential benefits of MNPs in MRI and the targeted performance of nano-drugs as an innovative method for integrated diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (BC). METHODS: We created a S2.2-PEG-MZF/DOX molecular probe by using a lipid material to encapsulate PEG-MZF-NPs and doxorubicin (DOX), and a S2.2 aptamer to target MUC1 to conjugate with PEG-MZF/DOX nanoliposomes. The potential of probe for cell-specific targeting and magnetic resonance (MR) molecular imaging was evaluated by MR scanner and Prussian blue staining...

Objective: To construct a simple scoring model for predicting the biological risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) features. Methods: The clinicopathological and imaging data of 149 patients with primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital. According to the risk classification, the patients were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group. The features of enhanced CT were observed and recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the predictors of high-risk biological behaviors of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and then a simple scoring model was constructed according to the regression coefficients of each predictor...

BACKGROUND: In the era of "precision medicine," the availability of high-quality tumor biomarker tests is critical and tumor proliferation evaluated by Ki-67 antibody is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. But the evaluation of Ki-67 index has been shown to suffer from some interobserver variability. The goal of the study is to develop an easy, automated, and reliable Ki-67 assessment approach for invasive breast carcinoma in routine practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 151 biopsies of invasive breast carcinoma were analyzed...