journal
Journals Respiratory Physiology & Neuro...

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38142024/chronic-intermittent-hypoxia-attenuates-noradrenergic-innervation-of-hypoglossal-motor-nucleus
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachael Herlihy, Leonardo Frasson Dos Reis, Anzor Gvritishvili, Maya Kvizhinadze, Elizabeth Dybas, Atul Malhotra, Victor B Fenik, Irma Rukhadze
The state-dependent noradrenergic activation of hypoglossal motoneurons plays an important role in the maintenance of upper airway patency and pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a major pathogenic factor of OSA, contributes to the risk for developing neurodegenerative disorders in OSA patients. Using anterograde tracer, channelrhodopsin-2, we mapped axonal projections from noradrenergic A7 and SubCoeruleus neurons to hypoglossal nucleus in DBH-cre mice and assessed the effect of CIH on these projections...
December 21, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38135107/divergent-expiratory-braking-activity-of-costal-and-crural-diaphragm
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giovanni Tagliabue, Michael Ji, Danny J Zuege, Paul A Easton
BACKGROUND: There is increasing clinical interest in understanding the contribution of the diaphragm in early expiration, especially during mechanical ventilation. However, current experimental evidence is limited, so essential activity of the diaphragm during expiration, and diaphragm segmental differences in expiratory activity is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine if: 1) the diaphragm is normally active into expiration during spontaneous breathing and hypercapnic ventilation, 2) expiratory diaphragmatic activity is distributed equally among the segments of the diaphragm, costal and crural...
December 20, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38128772/effect-of-the-nlrp3-inflammasome-on-increased-hypoxic-ventilation-response-after-cih-exposure-in-mice
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyun Jia, Jianxia Sun, Qingya Zhuo, Baosheng Zhao, Yuzhen Liu
BACKGROUND: Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) increases the hypoxic ventilation response (HVR). The downstream cytokine IL-1β of the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates respiration by acting on the carotid body (CB) and neurons in the respiratory center, but the effect of the NLRP3 inflammasome on HVR induced by CIH remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of NLRP3 on the increased HVR and spontaneous apnea events and duration induced by CIH, the expression and localization of NLRP3 in the respiratory regulatory center of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), and the effect of CIH on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the RVLM...
December 19, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38103708/paralemmin-3-augments-lipopolysaccharide-induced-acute-lung-injury-with-m1-macrophage-polarization-via-the-notch-signaling-pathway
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xuxin Chen, Fan Wang, Jian Tang, Jiguang Meng, Zhihai Han
BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) involves severe lung damage and respiratory failure, which are accompanied by alveolar macrophage (AM) activation. The aim of this article is to verify the influence of paralemmin-3 (PALM3) on alveolar macrophage (AM) polarization in ALI and the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS: An ALI rat model was established by successive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalations. The influence of PALM3 on the survival rate, severity of lung injury, and macrophage polarization was analyzed...
December 14, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38049044/the-pre-b%C3%A3-tzinger-complex-is-necessary-for-the-expression-of-inspiratory-and-post-inspiratory-motor-discharge-of-the-vagus
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rishi R Dhingra, Werner I Furuya, Yi Kee Yoong, Mathias Dutschmann
The mammalian three-phase respiratory motor pattern of inspiration, post-inspiration and expiration is expressed in spinal and cranial motor nerve discharge and is generated by a distributed ponto-medullary respiratory pattern generating network. Respiratory motor pattern generation depends on a rhythmogenic kernel located within the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC). In the present study, we tested the effect of unilateral and bilateral inactivation of the pre-BötC after local microinjection of the GABAA receptor agonist isoguvacine (10 mM, 50 nl) on phrenic (PNA), hypoglossal (HNA) and vagal nerve (VNA) respiratory motor activities in an in situ perfused brainstem preparation of rats...
December 2, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38043841/interaction-between-k%C3%A3-lliker-fuse-a7-and-the-parafacial-respiratory-region-on-the-control-of-respiratory-regulation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luiz M Oliveira, Thiago S Moreira, Ana C Takakura
Respiration is regulated by various types of neurons located in the pontine-medullary regions. The Kölliker-Fuse (KF)/A7 noradrenergic neurons play a role in modulating the inspiratory cycle by influencing the respiratory output. These neurons are interconnected and may also project to brainstem and spinal cord, potentially involved in regulating the post-inspiratory phase. In the present study, we hypothesize that the parafacial (pF) neurons, in conjunction with adrenergic mechanisms originating from the KF/A7 region, may provide the neurophysiological basis for breathing modulation...
December 1, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38036081/reproducibility-and-responsiveness-of-airway-impedance-measures-derived-from-the-forced-oscillation-technique-across-different-operating-lung-volumes
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Craig R Aitken, Girish Pathangey, Mathew Stamos, Chul-Ho Kim, Bruce D Johnson, Glenn M Stewart
BACKGROUND: The forced oscillation technique (FOT) enables non-invasive measurement of respiratory system impedance. Limited data exists on how changes in operating lung volume (OLV) impact FOT-derived measures of airway resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs). OBJECTIVES: This study examined the reproducibility and responsiveness of FOT-derived measures of Rrs and Xrs during simulated changes in OLV. METHODS: Participants simulated breathing at six OLVs: total lung capacity (TLC), ~50% of inspiratory reserve volume (IRV50 ), ~two-times tidal volume (VT2 ), tidal volume (VT), ~50% of expiratory reserve volume (ERV50 ), and residual volume (RV), on a commercially available FOT device...
November 28, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38000708/indirect-cardiac-output-assessment-in-a-swine-pediatric-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-model
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo A Miller, Rudolf K Braun, Regina J Golding, Michael Lasarev, Allison C Rodgers, Sarah El-Meanawy, Timothy A Hacker, Marlowe W Eldridge, Awni M Al-Subu
PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between volume of carbon dioxide elimination (V̇CO2 ) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2 ) with cardiac output (CO) in a swine pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model. METHODS: Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were collected from twenty-six mechanically ventilated juvenile pigs under general anesthesia before and after inducing ARDS, using oleic acid infusion. RESULTS: Prior to ARDS induction, mean (SD) CO, V̇CO2 , PETCO2 , and dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd /Vt ) were 4...
November 22, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37956746/cardiorespiratory-coupling-is-associated-with-exercise-capacity-in-athletes-a-cross-sectional-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raphael Martins de Abreu, Beatrice Cairo, Patricia Rehder-Santos, Claudio Donisete da Silva, Étore De Favari Signini, Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos, Camila Akemi Sakaguchi, Aparecida Maria Catai, Alberto Porta
PURPOSE: To determine the association between exercise capacity based on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ) and resting cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) levels in athletes and non-athletes' subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 42 apparently healthy male subjects, aged between 20 and 40 years old. The participants were allocated into athletes (n=21) and non-athletes (n=21) groups. Resting electrocardiogram and respiratory movement (RESP) were simultaneously acquired during 15min in supine position and quiet breathing...
November 11, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37944625/disinhibition-does-not-play-a-role-in-endomorphin-2-induced-changes-in-inspiratory-motoneuron-output-produced-by-in-vitro-neonatal-rat-preparations
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen M Johnson, Maia G Gumnit, Sarah M Johnson, Tracy L Baker, Jyoti J Watters
Low level activation of mu-opioid receptors (MORs) in neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparations increases inspiratory burst amplitude recorded on cervical spinal roots. We tested whether: (1) MOR activation with an endogenous ligand, such as endomorphin-2, increases inspiratory burst amplitude, (2) disinhibition of GABAergic or glycinergic inhibitory synaptic transmission is involved, and (3) inflammation alters endomorphin-2 effects. Using neonatal rat (P0-P3) brainstem-spinal cord preparations, bath-applied endomorphin-2 (10-200nM) increased inspiratory burst amplitude and decreased burst frequency...
November 7, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37944477/corrigendum-to-the-course-of-lung-inflation-alters-the-central-pattern-of-tracheobronchial-cough-in-cat-the-evidence-for-volume-feedback-during-cough-respir-physiol-neurobiol-229-2016-43-50
#31
Ivan Poliacek, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Zuzana Kotmanova, Teresa Pitts, Jan Hanacek, Jana Plevkova, Peter Machac, Nadezda Visnovcova, Jakub Misek, Jan Jakus
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 7, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37939866/in-vivo-optogenetic-identification-and-electrophysiology-of-glycinergic-neurons-in-pre-b%C3%A3-tzinger-complex-of-mice
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Behnam Vafadari, Yoshitaka Oku, Charlotte Tacke, Ali Harb, Swen Hülsmann
Breathing requires distinct patterns of neuronal activity in the brainstem. The most critical part of the neuronal network responsible for respiratory rhythm generation is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), located in the ventrolateral medulla. This area contains both rhythmogenic glutamatergic neurons and also a high number of inhibitory neurons. Here, we aimed to analyze the activity of glycinergic neurons in the preBötC in anesthetized mice. To identify inhibitory neurons, we used a transgenic mouse line that allows expression of Channelrhodopsin 2 in glycinergic neurons...
November 6, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37939865/age-influences-the-specific-force-and-fatigability-of-the-external-abdominal-obliques-but-not-pectoralis-major-muscles
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew J Fogarty
In the elderly, airway infections are associated with impaired airway defense behaviors, leading to an increased risk of airway infection. The muscles of the chest and abdominal wall are essential for performing effective airway defense manoeuvres, however, very little is known about their function in aging. Here in the 6- and 24-months old Fischer 344 rat model of aging, we assess the contractility and fatigability of chest (the pectoralis major muscle) and abdominal wall (external abdominal oblique) muscles...
November 6, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37935342/low-level-co-2-supplementation-maintains-isocapnia-and-reveals-ventilatory-long-term-facilitation-in-rats
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shawn Miller, Edgar Juarez Lopez, Jessica M L Grittner, Brendan J Dougherty
Acute, intermittent hypoxia (AIH) induces ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) in awake, freely behaving rats under poikilocapnic and isocapnic experimental conditions. Establishing pre-clinical methods for vLTF induction that more closely align with successful protocols in humans and anesthetized rats would minimize dissonance in experimental findings and improve translational aspects of vLTF. Here, we tested several levels of low-dose CO2 supplementation during and after AIH to determine 1) the lowest amount of inspired CO2 that would maintain isocapnia in rats during a vLTF protocol, and 2) the net impact of supplemental CO2 on vLTF expression...
November 5, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37923238/closed-loop-cervical-epidural-stimulation-partially-restores-ipsilesional-diaphragm-emg-after-acute-c-2-hemisection
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alyssa R Mickle, Jesús D Peñaloza-Aponte, Richard Coffey, Natale A Hall, David Baekey, Erica A Dale
Cervical spinal cord injury creates lasting respiratory deficits which can require mechanical ventilation long-term. We have shown that closed-loop epidural stimulation (CL-ES) elicits respiratory plasticity in the form of increased phrenic network excitability (Malone et. al., E Neuro, Vol 9, 0426-21.2021, 2022); however, the ability of this treatment to create functional benefits for breathing function per se after injury has not been demonstrated. Here, we demonstrate in C2 hemisected anesthetized rats, a 20-minute bout of CL-ES administered at current amplitudes below the motor threshold restores paralyzed hemidiaphragm activity in-phase with breathing while potentiating contralesional activity...
November 1, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37866524/effects-of-body-postures-on-respiratory-muscle-force-and-coughing-in-healthy-people
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Yu, Tatsuma Okazaki, Yuzhuo Ren, Junko Okuyama, Satoru Ebihara, Shin-Ichi Izumi
The respiratory muscle force determines the intensity of cough force. A greater cough force for cleaning the airways is essential for preventing and managing pneumonia. Body posture can affect the onset of aspiration pneumonia. However, the effects of body posture on the respiratory muscle and cough forces remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the influence of the four body postures on respiratory muscle force, cough pressure, subjective ease of coughing, and pulmonary function in healthy individuals. Twenty healthy individuals were included in this study...
October 21, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37863156/sarcopenia-of-the-longitudinal-tongue-muscles-in-rats
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gary C Sieck, Genesis A Hernandez-Vizcarrondo, Alyssa D Brown, Matthew J Fogarty
The tongue is a muscular hydrostat, with lingual movements occurring during breathing, chewing, swallowing, vocalization, vomiting, coughing and grooming/sexual activities. In the elderly, reduced lingual dysfunction and weakness contribute to increased risks of obstructive sleep apnea and aspiration pneumonia. In Fischer 344 (F344) rats, a validated model of aging, hypoglossal motor neuron death is apparent, although there is no information regarding tongue strength. The intrinsic tongue muscles, the superior and inferior longitudinal, transversalis and verticalis exist in an interdigitated state...
October 18, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37858661/cough-and-swallow-after-laparotomy-in-anesthetized-cats
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivan Poliacek, Lukas Martvon, Michal Simera, Marcel Veternik, Jakub Misek, Lucia Cibulkova, Kimberly E Iceman, Donald C Bolser, Teresa Pitts
An anesthetized cat animal model was used to evaluate changes in cough and swallow after a small midline upper abdominal incision (laparotomy). Two additional conditions were tested: sealing the laparotomy with gentle suctioning via a small cannula, and subsequent closure of the abdominal wall with suture. These abdominal wall manipulations resulted in no changes in the cough reflex, but produced higher motor drive to pharyngeal musculature (thyropharyngeus and geniohyoid muscles) during swallow. Swallow-breathing coordination phase preference shifted towards swallow occurring more during the inspiratory phase...
October 17, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37838230/letter-to-the-editor-pulmonary-oxygen-toxicity-index-during-linear-change-in-po-2-hbo-treatment-tables-and-dive-planning
#39
LETTER
R Arieli
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 12, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37838229/impact-of-high-intensity-interval-hyperpnea-on-aerobic-energy-release-and-inspiratory-muscle-fatigue
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzuna Sato, Koji Ishida, Noriko I Tanaka, Keisho Katayama
Respiratory muscle endurance training reportedly has beneficial effects on whole-body endurance performance. We produced a novel high-intensity interval (HII) protocol and characterized the associated physiological responses and respiratory muscle fatigue. Peak oxygen uptake of respiratory muscle (V̇O2peakRM) was estimated during the respiratory incremental test. The HII session consisted of five 3-minute hyperpnea periods at 100%V̇O2peakRM interspersed with 2-minute periods at 40%V̇O2peakRM (25minutes total)...
October 12, 2023: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
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