Cell Cycle

Cancer chemotherapy relies on a high ratio of toxicity toward cancer cells vs. nonmalignant cells, making it desirable to protect normal cells. Among the nonmalignant cells, epithelia of the gut belong to the most vulnerable ones toward chemotherapeutics. Here, we use a murine intestinal organoid model to assess a strategy for protecting such epithelia against chemotherapy. Cell cycle progression was first stalled by palbociclib, a clinically established cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor. Washout of the drug allowed subsequent outgrowth of gut organoids...

Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is reported to cause cataract formation by inducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Sodium-dependent Vitamin C transports-2 (SVCT2) is a ascorbic acid (AsA) transporter for that can protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Here, we focus on the functional characterization and mechanism analysis of SVCT2 in UVB-treated HLECs. The results showed a significant reduction of SVCT2 expression in HLECs treated with UVB...

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. Tripartite motif 13 (TRIM13) is a member of TRIM protein family and is downregulated in multiple cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated anti-tumor mechanism of TRIM13 in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cell lines. First, the mRNA and protein levels of TRIM13 in LUAD tissue and cells were measured. TRIM13 was overexpressed on LUAD cells to investigate the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, p62 ubiquitination, and autophagy activation...

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to play a vital role in pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the role of lncRNA FAM83A-AS1 in PC remains unclear. In this study, we explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of FAM83A-AS1 in PC cells. Methods: The FAM83A-AS1 expression was assessed via public databases and validated by qRT-PCR. The biofunction and immune cell infiltration of FAM83A-AS1 were analyzed through GO, KEGG, GESA and ssGSEA. The migration, invasion and proliferation abilities of PC cells were examined by Transwell, wound healing, CCK8 and colony formation...

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, which primarily occurs in the elderly. Cellular senescence is considered to be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors including MM, and lncRNA can mediate the process of cellular senescence by regulating key signaling pathways such as p53/p21 and p16/RB. However, the role of cellular senescence related lncRNAs (CSRLs) in MM development has never been reported. Herein, we identified 11 CSRLs (AC004918...

Epigenetics plays an important role in the malignant progression of tumors, in which DNA methylation can alter genetic performance without altering the DNA sequence. As a key regulator demethylation, thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) has been reported to participate in malignant progression of multiple tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that TDG is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its high expression is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients. Decreasing TDG expression can significantly inhibit the malignant biological behavior of HCC cells...

During eukaryotic cell division, organelles are distributed between daughter cells through a dynamic process to ensure that cells can differentiate and perform their functions correctly. Uncovering the mode of lipid droplet (LD) distribution may help reveal the mechanism of membrane remodeling during cell division and lipid droplet function. Our results showed that LDs were equally distributed in both daughter cells during cytokinesis. Further experiments demonstrated that the key factor regulating the movement of LDs is the microtubule (MT)-resident protein KIF5B...

Isoalantolactone (Iso) is a bioactive lactone isolated from the root of Inula helenium L, which has been reported to have many pharmacological effects. To investigate the role and mechanism of isoalantolactone in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), we first investigated isoalantolactone's anti-proliferative effects on imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML cells by CCK8. Flow cytometry was used to detect isoalantolactone-induced cell apoptosis. Survivin was overexpressed in KBM5 and KBM5T315I cells using the lentivirus vector pSIN-3×flag-PURO...

FBXW7 is the substrate recognition component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFFBW7 complex which controls the levels of CYCLINE, c-MYC and HIF1α proteins crucial for cell growth and differentiation. Mutations in FBXW7 are frequently associated with tumourigenesis. While examining FBXW7 regulation we were compelled to reevaluate a commonly used anti-FBXW7 antibody. Retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMEC) were exposed to normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen) for 24 h or treated with MG132 and protein extracted for western blotting...

Bone defect repair is a common medical concern. In spite of various existing treatments, its management still requires improvement. Here we show that YAP, a downstream signaling of Hippo pathway, might interplay with redox oxygen species (ROS) and modulate osteoimmunology, which refers to the interaction between immune and skeletal system during bone defect repair. We modulated the ROS level of RAW264.7 cells and found YAP level was reversely regulated. Meanwhile, we detected the feedback of YAP on oxidation level...

The probable influence of electromagnetic irradiation on cancer treatment has been deduced from the interaction of artificial electromagnetic emissions with biological organisms. Nonetheless, the suspected health effects induced by electromagnetic-based technology imply that such a treatment may contaminate the adjacent healthy cells. Thus, gaining mechanistic insights into the problem is required to avoid athermal health hazards. To tackle that, the current review, based upon in vitro studies into assorted cell lines, depicts the alterations in physiological processes triggered by electromagnetic irradiation via addressing gene regulatory cascades...