Mark Chandy, Thomas Hill, Nerea Jimenez-Tellez, Joseph C Wu, S Emma Sarles, Edward Hensel, Qixin Wang, Irfan Rahman, Daniel J Conklin
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues...
March 31, 2024: Cardiovascular Toxicology