Odontology

This pH cycling study aimed to investigate the effects of L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) salts of Mg, Zn, Mn, Sr, and Ba on the surface microhardness, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength (DTS), and solubility of root canal dentin. 186 cylindrical dentin specimens from 93 teeth were fortified with optimal concentrations of AA2P salts of Mg (0.18 mM), Zn (5.3 µM), Mn (2.2 × 10-8  M), Sr (1.8 µM), and Ba (1.9 µM). Saline was used as the control group...

This study aims to evaluate the number of roots and root canal morphology types of maxillary premolars in relation to a patient's gender and age in an Iraqi population using two classification systems. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 1116 maxillary premolars from 385 patients were evaluated for the number of roots and root canal morphology types according to Vertucci's classification and Ahmed et al. classification systems. Differences in the number of roots and root canal morphology types with regard to tooth type, patients' gender and age groups were evaluated and the degree of bilateral symmetry was determined...

To investigate the degradation effect of bovine trypsin on multispecies biofilm of caries-related bacteria and provide an experimental foundation for the prevention of dental caries. Standard strains of S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, and L. acidophilus were co-cultured to form 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h biofilms. The experimental groups were treated with bovine trypsin for 30 s, 1 min, and 3 min. Morphological observation and quantitative analysis of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), live bacteria, and dead bacteria were conducted using the confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM)...

This in vitro study assessed peak temperature and temperature increase (ΔT) within the pulp chamber during different extended photoactivation techniques (EPT-applying similar radiant exposure values) to resin-based composites (RBCs) placed in a Class I cavity preparation in an extracted human lower third molar. A T-type thermocouple was placed in the pulp chamber and connected to a temperature analysis device (Thermes, Physitemp). The tooth was attached to an assembly simulating the in vivo environment (controlled baseline pulp chamber temperature and fluid flow)...

The use of collagen is the recent development in various medical fields. Huge quantities of hide and skin trimmings are generated during the leather processing are wasted or underutilized. Trimmings contain collagen which can be beneficially extracted and utilized for high value products. Poly methyl methacrylate based denture materials exhibit serious concerns such as high porosity, presence of residual monomer, shrinkage, distortion and high rate of deterioration of the materials. This study aims to incorporate extracted Type I collagen with polymer to obtain denture base and investigate its chemical and mechanical properties...

This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with perforation of the undercut (U)-shaped lingual plate (LP) by the lower third molar (LM3) root using panoramic radiography (PAN). We retrospectively examined 468 impacted LM3s from 468 individuals, categorizing LM3-LP associations and LP morphology in the coronal section of cone-beam computed tomography as perforation or nonperforation and U-type or non-U-type, respectively. The outcome was the combination of perforation and U-type, and study variables included patient demographics (age and sex) and PAN-associated features (Winter's classification, Pell-Gregory classification, and two major Rood signs)...

The objective of this study is to use a deep-learning model based on CNN architecture to detect the second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals, which are seen as a variation in maxillary molars root canals. In the current study, 922 axial sections from 153 patients' cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used. The segmentation method was employed to identify the MB2 canals in maxillary molars that had not previously had endodontic treatment. Labeled images were divided into training (80%), validation (10%) and testing (10%) groups...

The aim of this systematic review (SR) compared the effect of xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) vs. connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple gingival recession (MGR) Miller Class I and II or Cairo type I. Five databases were searched up to August 2022 for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical effects of XCM vs. CTG in the treatment of MGR. The random effects model of mean differences was used to determine reduction of gingival recession (GR), gain in keratinized tissue width (KTW), gain in gingival thickness (GT) and gain in clinical attachment level (CAL)...

The treatment of mandibular deformities with an anterior open bite is challenging. In this study, skeletal stability after mandibular osteotomies was evaluated to determine the best treatment for mandibular prognathism with an anterior open bite in three procedures: intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO), conventional sagittal split ramus osteotomy (conv-SSRO), and SSRO without bone fixation (nonfix-SSRO). Patients who underwent mandibular osteotomy to correct skeletal mandibular protrusion were included...

To evaluate the osteogenic potential of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) we isolated, characterized, and then cultured in an osteogenic medium cells with PRF and/or LLLT (660 nm, 6 J/m2-irradiation). Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by bone nodule formation and expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2 and BMP-4), whereas the molecular mechanisms were achieved by qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (p < 0...

Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is used in patients presenting transverse maxillary deficiency. However, RME may be unpredictable after late adolescence if the midpalatal sutural maturation stage (MPMS) is in late stage. Since MPMS evaluation is influenced by the expertise of the operator and image quality, this classification method could be complemented. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the morphology of the midpalatal suture (MPS) and its surrounding bone in the coronal plane using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of adolescents and young adults and to correlate the findings with their respective MPMS status...

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dentin hypersensitivity treatments on immediate and long-term shear bond strength (SBS) of composite restorations. Ninety non-carious extracted human molars were cut to expose dentin, which was embedded in acrylic resin, and randomly divided into three groups (n = 30/group) according to surface treatment: 1) no treatment (C and C*; control); 2) silver diamine fluoride with potassium iodide (SDF/KI and SDF/KI*; Riva Star); and 3) nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp and nHAp*; PrevDent)...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness and contact angle of composite resins produced by CAD/CAM milling and three-dimensional (3D) printing for permanent restorations as well as the adhesion of S. mutans and S. sanguinis bacteria to these composites. Three CAD/CAM milling composite resins (Vita Enamic-VE, Cerasmart-CE, Lava Ultimate-LU) and three 3D printing resins (Varseo Smile Crown plus-VSC, Saremco print Crowntech-SPC, Formlabs 3B Permanent crown-FLP) were selected. Twenty samples were prepared for each group...

This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) in determining working length in in-vitro conditions. Twenty five access cavities of maxillary incisor teeth were opened and actual working lengths (AWL) were measured with dental operating microscope. The working length were then measured with an electronic apex locator and USG. USG and apex locator measurements were statistically analyzed using one sample t-test and compared with AWL. The mean AWL measurment was 20.68 mm. USG measured the working length slightly longer (21...

AIM: To investigate the differences of the nasal soft and hard tissue asymmetry in postoperative patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) between adolescence and adulthood, and to explore the correlation of nasal soft and hard tissue asymmetry. METHODS: CT data from 47 repaired UCLP patients were included and divided into two groups:1. adolescent group: 23 patients (15 males, 8 females; age: 10-12 years old). 2. adult group: 24 patients (16 males, 8 females; age:18-32 years old)...

This study evaluated the feasibility of an automated method to delimit the required area to quantitatively analyze root filling voids and gaps from cross-sectional confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images. Root canals of maxillary canines were prepared with rotary instruments and filled by lateral compaction technique using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The roots were stored (100% humidity, 37 °C) for a period of 24 h and then transversally sectioned to obtain 2-mm-thick slices from the apical and middle thirds...

Zirconia-based dental implants are in direct contact with living tissues and any improvements in their bioactivity and adhesion to the tissues are highly welcome. In this study, different ratios of barium titanate (BT) were added to 3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) through conventional sintering. The laser-texturing technique was also conducted to improve the biological performance of 3YSZ ceramics. The composition and the surface of the prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively...

The ethylenediaminetetradiacetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most commonly used irrigation solutions. Although EDTA has a very low antimicrobial property, it is used to remove inorganic part of smear layer in areas of root canal system. Herein, we developed EDTA-incorporated nanoflowers (EDTA NFs), for the first time, as novel and effective irrigation solution with quite high antimicrobial property to provide complete disinfection in root canal system. We both systematically elucidated the formation of the EDTA NFs with various techniques, and their catalytic and antimicrobial activities in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were documented through intrinsic EDTA property and peroxidase-like activities...

Radiopacities of dental materials used in restorations are very important in making the radiographic diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the radiopacity of five single-shade and six simplishade resin composites with digital technique. Five different single-shade (Charisma Topaz One, Omnichroma, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal, Vittra APS Unique, ZenChroma) and six different simplishade resin composites (G-aenial A'CHORD, Essentia Universal, OptiShade, Estelite Asteria, Filtek Universal, Filtek Z250) were used...

Even without diseases that cause dysphagia, physiological swallowing function declines with age, increasing the risk of aspiration. This study analyzed age-related changes in laryngeal movement in older adults. The study population consisted of 10 volunteers in their 80s and six in their 20s. A videofluoroscopic study of 3 and 10 mL barium swallows was performed laterally using a digital fluorographic. The recorded images were retrieved to a personal computer and analyzed frame-by-frame using video analysis software...