BMC Psychiatry

BACKGROUND: The different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents compared to adults suggested there may be differences in the pathophysiology between adolescents and adults with MDD. However, despite the amygdala being considered critical in the pathophysiology, there was limited knowledge about the commonalities and differences in the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of amygdala subregions in MDD patients of different age groups. METHODS: In the current study, 65 adolescents (46 with MDD and 19 controls) and 91 adults (35 with MDD and 56 controls) were included...

BACKGROUND: Violent behavior carried out by patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) is a public health issue of increasing importance that may involve inflammation. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, such as the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) are objective, easily accessible and cost-effective measures of inflammation. However, there are sparse studies investigating the role of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in violence of patients with SCZ...

BACKGROUND: Bipolar depression (BPD) is often misdiagnosed as a major depressive disorder (MDD) in clinical practice, which may be attributed to a lack of robust biomarkers indicative of differentiated diagnosis. This study analysed the differences in various hormones and inflammatory markers to explore peripheral biomarkers that differentiate BPD from MDD patients. METHODS: A total of 2,048 BPD and MDD patients were included. A panel of blood tests was performed to determine the levels of sex hormones, stress hormones, and immune-related indicators...

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the current status of decent work among psychiatric nurses and analyze its influencing factors. METHODS: In February 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of 358 nurses from a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Data were collected using a custom-made nurse demographic scale to gather demographic information. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) was used to assess the imbalance between effort and reward through the effort-reward ratio (ERR)...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students was high during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, fewer studies have been conducted on sleep disorders among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the prevalence and factors influencing sleep disorders among Chinese medical students after COVID-19. METHODS: A total of 1,194 Chinese medical students were included in this study from 9th to 12th July 2023. We used the Self-administered Chinese scale to collect the demographic characteristics...

BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are psychiatric disorders that often coexist and share some features. Developing a simple and cost-effective tool to assess anxiety and depression in the Arabic-speaking population, predominantly residing in low- and middle-income nations where research can be arduous, would be immensely beneficial. The study aimed to translate the four-item composite Patient Health Questionnaire - 4 (PHQ-4) into Arabic and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal reliability, sex invariance, composite reliability, and correlation with measures of psychological distress...

BACKGROUND: Anxiety disorders are common during adolescence; therefore, detecting anxiety disorders among adolescents and providing appropriate treatment are crucial. Studies have suggested that watching online audiovisual broadcasts like mukbang and cookbang (hereafter mukbang), where hosts eat or cook food, may influence anxiety disorders. However, there is insufficient research on the association between watching mukbang and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Therefore, we investigated the association between watching mukbang and GAD among Korean adolescents...

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders (SDs) are among many co-morbid medical conditions that affect children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Raising awareness and improving the standard of care for children diagnosed with ASD may result from identifying SDs among them. This study aims to evaluate patterns of SDs among Sudanese children diagnosed with ASD. METHOD: Using the Childhood Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) to gather data on sleep disorders and SPSS version 26...

BACKGROUND: Older major depressive disorder (MDD) patients have more complex clinical symptoms and higher abnormal lipid metabolism (ALM) rates. This study aimed to compare clinical differences between those with and without ALM in a sample of older first-episode drug naïve (FEDN) patients. METHODS: We recruited 266 older MDD patients. Socio-demographic variables, clinical data, and lipid parameters were obtained. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the positive subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-P) were conducted to evaluate patients' depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms, respectively...

Several studies have reported on the association between parental and childhood psychopathologies. Despite this, little is known about the psychopathologies between parents and children in a non-clinical population. We present such a study, the first in a Kenyan setting in an attempt to fill this gap. The objective of this study was to determine the association between self-rating psychopathology in children, parent-rating psychopathology in their children and self-rating psychopathology in parents in a non-clinical population of children attending schools in Kenya...

BACKGROUND: Anxious depression (AD) is a common subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD). Neuroimaging studies of AD have revealed inconsistent and heterogeneous brain alterations with the use of single-model methods. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the pathogenesis of AD using multi-model imaging analyses to obtain more homogeneous and robust results. METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two patients with MDD and 64 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited...

BACKGROUND: Adverse events (AEs) are commonly reported in clinical studies using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), an international standard for drug safety monitoring. However, the technical language of MedDRA makes it challenging for patients and clinicians to share understanding and therefore to make shared decisions about medical interventions. In this project, people with lived experience of depression and antidepressant treatment worked with clinicians and researchers to co-design an online dictionary of AEs associated with antidepressants, taking into account its ease of use and applicability to real-world settings...

BACKGROUND: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) has been identified as a biomarker for neurologic diseases. However, sNfL remains unknown to be responsible for depression. AIMS: The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between sNfL levels and depression in US adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey of the general population, we investigated representative data involving 10,175 participants from the 2013-2014 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)...

BACKGROUND: Pooling data from different sources will advance mental health research by providing larger sample sizes and allowing cross-study comparisons; however, the heterogeneity in how variables are measured across studies poses a challenge to this process. METHODS: This study explored the potential of using natural language processing (NLP) to harmonise different mental health questionnaires by matching individual questions based on their semantic content...

BACKGROUND: Depression can be associated with increased mortality and morbidity, but no studies have investigated the specific causes of death based on autopsy reports. Autopsy studies can yield valuable and detailed information on pathological ailments or underreported conditions. This study aimed to compare autopsy-confirmed causes of death (CoD) between individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched controls. We also analyzed subgroups within our MDD sample, including late-life depression and recurrent depression...

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment demonstrated a high prevalence and harmful effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which acted as the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The major clinical challenge is the lack of biomarkers to identify MetS episodes and prevent further damage, while the mechanisms underlying these drug-induced MetS remain unknown. METHODS: This study divided 173 participants with SCZ into 3 groups (None, High risk, and MetS, consisting of 22, 88, and 63 participants, respectively)...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses regarding non-pharmacologic therapies for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). METHODS: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study enrolled nurses at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China) between September 2022 and October 2022. Correlations between knowledge, attitude and practice scores were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Factors associated with knowledge, attitude and practice scores were identified by multivariable linear regression...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a common mental disorder with a much higher prevalence in women than in men. Although there has been a gradual increase in research on the association between reproductive health and depression, there is still some inconsistency in the evidence of the relationship between pregnancy loss and depression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pregnancy loss and depressive symptoms. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2007-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included female participants aged 20 to 80 years...

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a serious neurodegenerative disease that brings great stress to the physical and mental health of patients. At the same time, long-term treatment will also bring great economic losses and social burden to the family and society, especially after COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to analyze the current status of stress perception and anxiety in patients with PD and explore the influencing factors after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This study used the convenient sampling method to select the research objects of patients with PD who were outpatients or inpatients in a general public hospital in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and the survey time was from February 2023 to March 2023...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with a length of usually more than 200 nucleotides (nt) that have promised functions in varied biological processes. lncRNAs participate in the regulation of differentiation, development, and function of the brain. Thus, their dysregulation might play important roles in the etiology of neurological disorders such as BD. In this study, the expression level of PCAT-1, PCAT-29, and MER11C lncRNAs was evaluated in the blood of BD patients compared to the control group...