journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34326681/how-do-populations-aggregate
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dennis M Feehan, Elizabeth Wrigley-Field
BACKGROUND: Understanding the relationship between populations at different scales plays an important role in many demographic analyses. OBJECTIVE: We show that when a population can be partitioned into subgroups, the death rate for the entire population can be written as the weighted harmonic mean of the death rates in each subgroup, where the weights are given by the numbers of deaths in each subgroup. This decomposition can be generalized to other types of occurrence-exposure rate...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34093081/singlehood-in-contemporary-japan-rating-dating-and-waiting-for-a-good-match
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary C Brinton, Eunmi Mun, Ekaterina Hertog
BACKGROUND: Late age at marriage and rising rates of singlehood increasingly characterize East Asian societies. For Japan, these are major contributors to the very low birth rate. OBJECTIVE: We analyze two unique data sets: dating records covering a two-year period from one of Japan's largest marriage agencies and in-depth interviews with 30 highly-educated Japanese singles. The longitudinal nature of the quantitative data allows us to test hypotheses about how single men's and women's preferences for partners' characteristics adjust over time...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34054341/socioeconomic-differentials-in-fertility-in-south-korea
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sojung Lim
BACKGROUND: South Korea has one of the lowest fertility rates in the world, reaching a record low of 0.98 in 2018. Understanding socioeconomic differentials in fertility in South Korea has become an important social and policy issue. OBJECTIVE: This study examines socioeconomic differentials in first and second childbirths among married women using various indicators of socioeconomic status at the individual and household level. METHODS: Using the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (1998-2017), discrete-time hazard models are used to evaluate the relationships between multiple indicators of socioeconomic status and the transition to first and second births...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34054340/the-mixed-blessing-of-living-together-or-close-by-parent-child-relationship-quality-and-life-satisfaction-of-older-adults-in-china
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feinian Chen, Ke Shen, Hangqing Ruan
BACKGROUND: Geographic proximity between parents and children is increasingly recognized as an alternative measure to coresidence as a gauge for intergenerational support in China. The quality of intergenerational relationships is another important dimension of intergenerational ties that is often underexplored. OBJECTIVE: We examine the association between parent-child proximity and life satisfaction of older adults and how it interacts with the quality of intergenerational relationships, particularly for vulnerable subpopulations...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34054339/japanese-adolescents-time-use-the-role-of-household-income-and-parental-education
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ekaterina Hertog, Muzhi Zhou
BACKGROUND: How children spend their day is closely linked to their social and developmental outcomes. Children's time use is associated with their parents' educational and economic capital, making time use a potential reproduction channel for socioeconomic inequalities. OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the correlation of natal-family economic resources, parents' education, and children's daily time use in Japan. METHODS: Analysing data from a 2006 Japanese time use survey, we use natal-family income, parental education, and the interaction between them to predict in-school and afterschool study time, leisure time, and sleep time for children aged 10-18...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34054338/family-status-and-women-s-career-mobility-during-urban-china-s-economic-transition
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guangye He, Xiaogang Wu
BACKGROUND: In contrast to the historical experience of Western welfare states, where social and family policies help create more integrated public-private spheres, marketization in China has presented a case of sphere separation. This phenomenon has important implications for the dynamics of gender inequality in economic transition. OBJECTIVE: This article examines how family status is associated with women's career mobility in reform-era urban China and the impact of family on women's career choices across different reform stages...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34054337/marriage-intentions-desires-and-pathways-to-later-and-less-marriage-in-japan
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James M Raymo, Fumiya Uchikoshi, Shohei Yoda
BACKGROUND: Understanding the trend toward later and less marriage is particularly important in low-fertility societies where alternatives to marriage are limited and childbearing outside of marriage remains rare. OBJECTIVE: Our goal in this paper is to advance our understanding of the wide variety of explanations offered for later and less marriage in Japan by focusing explicitly on marriage intentions and desires. METHODS: Using two sources of nationally representative data, we describe the prevalence of positive, negative, and passive marriage intentions and desires among men and women who have never been married...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34035659/introduction-to-the-special-collection-on-family-changes-and-inequality-in-east-asia
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyunjoon Park
BACKGROUND: East Asian societies have experienced rapid social changes, among which the extraordinary expansion of higher education for both women and men, rising economic inequality, and increasing labor market uncertainty should be particularly relevant to family changes. At the same time, gender inequality and traditional gender norms still prevail and shape family life in the region. The eight articles in this special collection share the common interest of how families in East Asia have evolved against a backdrop of growing economic inequality and persistent gender inequality - among other key forces affecting family life - across a variety of family-related outcomes: from singlehood, marriage intentions, and dating, through fertility, the time use of adolescents and parents with young children, and women's careers, to intergenerational coresidence and the life satisfaction of older parents...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34035658/diverging-gaps-in-childcare-time-by-parental-education-in-south-korea
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyunjoon Park
BACKGROUND: Parental time is a key resource for children's development. Studies in the United States highlight diverging gaps in parental time for children between highly educated and low-educated parents. South Korea offers an interesting context in which to examine the trend. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses whether differences in childcare time have diverged or converged between parents with higher and lower levels of education over the 15-year period. Utilizing the advantage of household survey, the total amount of childcare time spent by both fathers and mothers is examined, in addition to separate time for each parent...
January 2021: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34447286/unobserved-population-heterogeneity-and-dynamics-of-health-disparities
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hui Zheng
BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature has reported widening educational health disparities across birth cohorts or time periods in the United States, but has paid little attention to the implication of mortality selection on the cohort trend in health disparities. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates how changes in the variance of unobserved frailty over time may complicate the interpretation of cohort trends in health disparities and life expectancy. METHODS: We use the microsimulation method to test the effect of mortality selection and further propose a counterfactual simulation procedure to estimate its contribution...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34366710/explaining-the-mena-paradox-rising-educational-attainment-yet-stagnant-female-labor-force-participation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ragui Assaad, Rana Hendy, Moundir Lassassi, Shaimaa Yassin
BACKGROUND: Despite rapidly rising female educational attainment and the closing, if not reversal, of the gender gap in education, female labor force participation rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region remain low and stagnant. This is a phenomenon that has come to be known as the "MENA paradox". Even if increases in participation are observed, they are typically in the form of rising unemployment rather than employment. METHODS: We use multinomial logit models estimated, by country, on annual labor force survey data for four MENA countries - Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia - to simulate trends in female participation in different labor market states (public sector, private wage work, non-wage work, unemployment and non-participation) for married and unmarried women and men, of a given educational and age profile...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34335081/the-labor-force-participation-of-indian-women-before-and-after-widowhood
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan N Reed
BACKGROUND: Due to its young age structure and taboos on widow remarriage, India has a large and relatively young female widow population. Many of India's widows are in prime working ages. India has one of the lowest female labor force participation rates in the world. OBJECTIVE: This paper calculates the effect of widowhood on the labor force participation of Indian widows. The analysis documents how labor force participation changes associated with widowhood vary by age, caste/religion, relation to head of household, rural/urban status, and region...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34305448/women-s-employment-and-fertility-in-a-global-perspective-1960-2015
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Behrman, Pilar Gonalons-Pons
BACKGROUND: Scant research explores the association between women's employment and fertility on a truly global scale due to limited cross-national comparative standardized information across contexts. METHODS: This paper compiles a unique dataset that combines nationally representative country-level data on women's wage employment from the International Labor Organization with fertility and reproductive health measures from the United Nations and additional information from UNESCO, OECD, and the World Bank...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34295216/the-decline-of-patrilineal-kin-propinquity-in-the-united-states-1790-1940
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matt A Nelson
BACKGROUND: Historical change in the availability of kin beyond the household has long interested scholars, but there has been little comparable evidence on long-run change. While generally accepted that individuals lived near kin historically, no systematic measures have been available to assess historical kin propinquity at the national level. METHODS: With the release of historical complete count United States census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS), a robust estimate of patrilineal kin propinquity for the United States nationally from 1790 to 1940 is calculated...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34040496/job-characteristics-marital-intentions-and-partner-seeking-actions-longitudinal-evidence-from-japan
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei-Hsin Yu, Yuko Hara
BACKGROUND: Most research linking jobs to marriage formation focuses on how job contexts and prospects affect singles' paces of entering marriage. Direct evidence on whether job traits shape singles' desire for marriage and actions toward forming a union remains scarce. OBJECTIVE: We examine how changes in a range of job characteristics correspond to alterations in never-married people's intention to marry and actions taken to meet romantic partners in Japan, a country with increasing inequality in job quality and declining marriage rates...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33732092/-at-three-years-of-age-we-can-see-the-future-cognitive-skills-and-the-life-cycle-of-rural-chinese-children
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huan Zhou, Ruixue Ye, Sean Sylvia, Nathan Rose, Scott Rozelle
Background: While the Chinese education system has seen massive improvements over the past few decades, there still exists large academic achievement gaps between rural and urban areas, which threaten China's long-term development. Additionally, recent literature has underscored the importance of early childhood development (ECD) in later-life human capital development. Objectives: We analyze the lifecycle of cognitive development and learning outcomes in rural Chinese children by first examining if ECD outcomes affect cognition levels, then seeing if cognitive delays persist as children grow, and finally exploring connections between cognition and education outcomes...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33354158/fathers-migration-and-nutritional-status-of-children-in-india-do-the-effects-vary-by-community-context
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Lei, Sonalde Desai, Feinian Chen
BACKGROUND: Due to international and internal migration, millions of children in developing countries are geographically separated from one or both of their parents. Prior research has not reached a consensus on the impacts of parental out-migration on children's growth, and little is known about how community contexts modify the impact of parental out-migration. OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess the overall impacts of fathers' previous and current migration experiences on children's nutritional status in India and how the impacts are shaped by community socioeconomic contexts and community gender norms...
July 2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38249422/young-women-s-joint-relationship-sex-and-contraceptive-trajectories-evidence-from-the-united-states
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bridget Brew, Abigail Weitzman, Kelly Musick, Yasamin Kusunoki
OBJECTIVE: We identify common patterns of joint relationship, sex, and contraceptive trajectories in young adulthood and assess how selection into these trajectories differs across socioeconomic and demographic groups and varies with earlier sexual and reproductive experiences and attitudes. METHODS: We draw on a weekly panel of 581 young adult women in the United States that includes granular data on sexual and contraceptive behaviors. We use sequence analysis to describe joint relationship, sex, and contraceptive trajectories over the course of a year and multinomial logistic regression to examine how these trajectories are associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and minority racial status...
2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36777478/calloused-hands-shorter-life-occupation-and-older-age-survival-in-mexico
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez, Noreen Goldman, Anne R Pebley, Josefina Flores Morales
BACKGROUND: Inequalities in mortality are often attributed to socioeconomic differences in education level, income, and wealth. Low socioeconomic status (SES) is generally related to worse health and survival across the life course. Yet, disadvantaged people are also more likely to hold jobs requiring heavy physical labor, repetitive movement, ergonomic strain, and safety hazards. OBJECTIVE: We examine the link between primary lifetime occupation, together with education and net worth, on survival among older adults in Mexico...
2020: Demographic Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32943979/greater-mortality-variability-in-the-united-states-in-comparison-with-peer-countries
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard G Rogers, Robert A Hummer, Justin M Vinneau, Elizabeth M Lawrence
BACKGROUND: Over the past several decades, US mortality declines have lagged behind other high-income countries. However, scant attention has been devoted to how US mortality variability compares with other countries. OBJECTIVE: We examine trends in mortality and mortality variability in the US and 16 peer countries from 1980 through 2016. METHODS: We employ the Human Mortality Database and demographic techniques - with a focus on patterns in the interquartile (IQR), interdecile (IDR), and intercentile (ICR) ranges of survivorship - to better understand US mortality and mortality variability trends in comparative perspective...
January 2020: Demographic Research
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