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Journals Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell...

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316962/a-dynamic-culture-system-that-models-the-intricacy-of-the-mammary-gland
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lei Yuan
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 5, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308006/crispr-technologies-for-genome-epigenome-and-transcriptome-editing
#22
REVIEW
Lukas Villiger, Julia Joung, Luke Koblan, Jonathan Weissman, Omar O Abudayyeh, Jonathan S Gootenberg
Our ability to edit genomes lags behind our capacity to sequence them, but the growing understanding of CRISPR biology and its application to genome, epigenome and transcriptome engineering is narrowing this gap. In this Review, we discuss recent developments of various CRISPR-based systems that can transiently or permanently modify the genome and the transcriptome. The discovery of further CRISPR enzymes and systems through functional metagenomics has meaningfully broadened the applicability of CRISPR-based editing...
February 2, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38308005/bookmarking-pluripotency-genes
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Heinke
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279069/publisher-correction-translating-the-midbody-for-cytokinesis
#24
Lisa Heinke
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 26, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242953/transcription-regulation-by-long-non-coding-rnas-%C3%A2-mechanisms-and-disease-relevance
#25
REVIEW
Jorge Ferrer, Nadya Dimitrova
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) outnumber protein-coding transcripts, but their functions remain largely unknown. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in the control of gene transcription. Some of the best characterized lncRNAs have essential transcription cis-regulatory functions that cannot be easily accomplished by DNA-interacting transcription factors, such as XIST, which controls X-chromosome inactivation, or imprinted lncRNAs that direct allele-specific repression. A growing number of lncRNA transcription units, including CHASERR, PVT1 and HASTER (also known as HNF1A-AS1) act as transcription-stabilizing elements that fine-tune the activity of dosage-sensitive genes that encode transcription factors...
January 19, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38225281/publisher-correction-patterning-of-the-cell-cortex-by-rho-gtpases
#26
William M Bement, Andrew B Goryachev, Ann L Miller, George von Dassow
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 15, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195736/translating-the-midbody-for-cytokinesis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Heinke
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 9, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38191848/phase-separation-of-biomolecules-on-free-standing-planar-membranes
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yohan Lee
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 8, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38182846/roles-and-regulation-of-trna-derived-small-rnas-in-animals
#29
REVIEW
Sowndarya Muthukumar, Cai-Tao Li, Ru-Juan Liu, Cristian Bellodi
A growing class of small RNAs, known as tRNA-derived RNAs (tdRs), tRNA-derived small RNAs or tRNA-derived fragments, have long been considered mere intermediates of tRNA degradation. These small RNAs have recently been implicated in an evolutionarily conserved repertoire of biological processes. In this Review, we discuss the biogenesis and molecular functions of tdRs in mammals, including tdR-mediated gene regulation in cell metabolism, immune responses, transgenerational inheritance, development and cancer...
January 5, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38172611/patterning-of-the-cell-cortex-by-rho-gtpases
#30
REVIEW
William M Bement, Andrew B Goryachev, Ann L Miller, George von Dassow
The Rho GTPases - RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 - are small GTP binding proteins that regulate basic biological processes such as cell locomotion, cell division and morphogenesis by promoting cytoskeleton-based changes in the cell cortex. This regulation results from active (GTP-bound) Rho GTPases stimulating target proteins that, in turn, promote actin assembly and myosin 2-based contraction to organize the cortex. This basic regulatory scheme, well supported by in vitro studies, led to the natural assumption that Rho GTPases function in vivo in an essentially linear matter, with a given process being initiated by GTPase activation and terminated by GTPase inactivation...
January 3, 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37714962/understanding-mechanisms-of-antioxidant-action-in-health-and-disease
#31
REVIEW
Barry Halliwell
Several different reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in vivo. They have roles in the development of certain human diseases whilst also performing physiological functions. ROS are counterbalanced by an antioxidant defence network, which functions to modulate ROS levels to allow their physiological roles whilst minimizing the oxidative damage they cause that can contribute to disease development. This Review describes the mechanisms of action of antioxidants synthesized in vivo, antioxidants derived from the human diet and synthetic antioxidants developed as therapeutic agents, with a focus on the gaps in our current knowledge and the approaches needed to close them...
January 2024: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38114840/cell-quiescence-sends-argonaute-2-to-transposons
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eytan Zlotorynski
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 19, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38110635/a-guide-to-cell-death-pathways
#33
REVIEW
Junying Yuan, Dimitry Ofengeim
Regulated cell death mediated by dedicated molecular machines, known as programmed cell death, plays important roles in health and disease. Apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis are three such programmed cell death modalities. The caspase family of cysteine proteases serve as key regulators of programmed cell death. During apoptosis, a cascade of caspase activation mediates signal transduction and cellular destruction, whereas pyroptosis occurs when activated caspases cleave gasdermins, which can then form pores in the plasma membrane...
December 18, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38102450/present-and-future-of-synthetic-cell-development
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katarzyna P Adamala, Marileen Dogterom, Yuval Elani, Petra Schwille, Masahiro Takinoue, T-Y Dora Tang
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 15, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38102449/structure-and-growth-of-plant-cell-walls
#35
REVIEW
Daniel J Cosgrove
Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H+ -ATPase, wall loosening by expansin and signalling by plant hormones such as auxin and brassinosteroid...
December 15, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38093099/adherens-junctions-as-molecular-regulators-of-emergent-tissue-mechanics
#36
REVIEW
Otger Campàs, Ivar Noordstra, Alpha S Yap
Tissue and organ development during embryogenesis relies on the collective and coordinated action of many cells. Recent studies have revealed that tissue material properties, including transitions between fluid and solid tissue states, are controlled in space and time to shape embryonic structures and regulate cell behaviours. Although the collective cellular flows that sculpt tissues are guided by tissue-level physical changes, these ultimately emerge from cellular-level and subcellular-level molecular mechanisms...
December 13, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38086922/white-adipocyte-dysfunction-and-obesity-associated-pathologies-in-humans
#37
REVIEW
Carolina E Hagberg, Kirsty L Spalding
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health...
December 12, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38081975/energy-driven-genome-regulation-by-atp-dependent-chromatin-remodellers
#38
REVIEW
Sebastian Eustermann, Avinash B Patel, Karl-Peter Hopfner, Yuan He, Philipp Korber
The packaging of DNA into chromatin in eukaryotes regulates gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling enzymes (re)arrange nucleosomes at the first level of chromatin organization. Their Snf2-type motor ATPases alter histone-DNA interactions through a common DNA translocation mechanism. Whether remodeller activities mainly catalyse nucleosome dynamics or accurately co-determine nucleosome organization remained unclear. In this Review, we discuss the emerging mechanisms of chromatin remodelling: dynamic remodeller architectures and their interactions, the inner workings of the ATPase cycle, allosteric regulation and pathological dysregulation...
December 11, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38081974/the-bioethics-of-synthetic-cells
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hub Zwart
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 11, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38052923/the-molecular-basis-of-translation-initiation-and-its-regulation-in-eukaryotes
#40
REVIEW
Jailson Brito Querido, Irene Díaz-López, V Ramakrishnan
The regulation of gene expression is fundamental for life. Whereas the role of transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been studied for several decades, it has been clear over the past two decades that post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, of which translation regulation is a major part, can be equally important. Translation can be divided into four main stages: initiation, elongation, termination and ribosome recycling. Translation is controlled mainly during its initiation, a process which culminates in a ribosome positioned with an initiator tRNA over the start codon and, thus, ready to begin elongation of the protein chain...
December 5, 2023: Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
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