journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957981/fecal-microbiota-transplantation-as-a-cancer-therapeutic
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronen Stoff, Yochai Wolf, Ben Boursi
For decades, cancer research and treatment focused on the cellular level, viewing cancer as a genetic disease of cell transformation. In the era of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, studies from the second half of the 19th century suggesting an association between the microbiota and cancer were almost neglected. The main focus of the field was limited to identification of specific viruses and bacteria that may serve as direct carcinogens leading to the recognition of 7 viruses (i.e., human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) and 1 bacterium (Helicobacter pylori) as human carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (https://monographs...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957980/short-and-long-term-repercussions-of-vancomycin-on-immune-surveillance-and-the-efficacy-of-antitumor-treatments
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Paz Del Socorro, Marion Tonneau, David Pasquier, Mathias Chamaillard
Although antibiotic is a major contributor to shifts in the intestinal flora that may persist for up to several months after cessation, it is now increasingly recognized that its prescription may differentially influence clinical outcome of different anticancer treatments. Intense clinical and basic research efforts aim then at gaining sufficient insights about how the cooperative action between the intestinal ecosystem and immune surveillance modulates the efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we summarize multiple levels of knowledge between vancomycin exposure, the gut microbiota, and a meaningful therapeutic response...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957979/microbiome-and-diet-in-colon-cancer-development-and-treatment
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ikuko Kato, Jun Sun
Diet plays critical roles in defining our immune responses, microbiome, and progression of human diseases. With recent progress in sequencing and bioinformatic techniques, increasing evidence indicates the importance of diet-microbial interactions in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Here, we focus on the epidemiological studies on diet-bacterial interactions in the colon cancer. We also review the progress of mechanistic studies using the experimental models. Finally, we discuss the limits and future directions in the research of microbiome and diet in cancer development and therapeutic outcome...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957978/radiation-therapy-and-the-microbiome-more-than-a-gut-feeling
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Uri Amit, Andrea Facciabene, Edgar Ben-Josef
It is increasingly recognized that heterogeneities in tumor response and severity of adverse effects in irradiated patients can be attributed to the tumor microenvironment and host-related factors. Among the latter, a growing body of literature in recent years has demonstrated the role of the patient's microbiome in modulating both tumor and normal tissue response to radiotherapy (RT). Upon contact with the environment after birth, the infant's gastrointestinal tract is rapidly colonized by microbiota, which is low in diversity and predominantly characterized by 2 dominant species, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957977/the-microbiome-and-its-impact-on-allogeneic-hematopoietic-cell-transplantation
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Florent Malard, Robert R Jenq
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) is a standard curative therapy for a variety of benign and malignant hematological diseases. Previously, patients who underwent alloHCT were at high risk for complications with potentially life-threatening toxicities, including a variety of opportunistic infections as well as acute and chronic manifestations of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the transplanted immune system can produce inflammatory damage to the patient. With recent advances, including newer conditioning regimens, advances in viral and fungal infection prophylaxis, and novel GVHD prophylactic and treatment strategies, improvements in clinical outcomes have steadily improved...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957976/role-of-the-microbiome-in-immunotherapy-of-melanoma
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victoria Jiminez, Nabiha Yusuf
Novel immunotherapeutics for advanced melanoma have drastically changed survival rates and management strategies in recent years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as efficacious agents for some patients but have not been proven to be as beneficial in other patient cohorts. Recent investigation into this observation has implicated the gut microbiome as a potential immunomodulator in regulating patient response to therapy. Numerous studies have provided evidence for this link. Bacterial colonization patterns have been associated with therapeutic outcomes, under the notion that favorable commensal organisms improve host immune response...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957975/the-lung-microbiome-in-carcinogenesis-and-immunotherapy-treatment
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathleen Kennedy, Karam Khaddour, Nithya Ramnath, Frank Weinberg
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Over the past 10 years, significant advances in treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) blockade, have led to improved outcomes. Elucidating predicative biomarkers in responders and nonresponders to ICI will lead to development of therapeutic targets that could enhance ICI efficacy. Recently, the gut microbiome was identified as a predictive biomarker for ICI in patients with multiple cancer types. However, it is unclear how other host microbiomes influence tumorigenesis and response to ICI...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957974/the-microbiome-and-liver-cancer
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuta Myojin, Tim F Greten
The gut microbiome and liver are anatomically and functionally connected. The impact of the gut microbiota or microbial metabolites on liver cancer progression via immune cells has been recently revealed across various preclinical models. Commensal gut microbes of liver cancer patients differ from control subjects, and their composition is affected by the etiology of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut microbiota represents a potential novel target for intervention as shown in patients with melanoma, but we still lack data in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957973/the-gut-microbiome-and-pancreatic-cancer-development-and-treatment
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Holly Attebury, Donnele Daley
Changes in the gut microbiome have been increasingly shown to accompany oncogenesis across various tumors. Similarly, microbial dysbiosis was found to be associated with pancreatic cancer progression and survival outcomes, expanding the field of tumor microenvironment research in pancreatic cancer. Mechanistic studies in pancreatic cancer models implicate components of the gut and pancreatic cancer microbiome in regulating tumorigenesis by altering cancer cell signaling, modulating immune function, and influencing the efficacy of current therapies in pancreatic cancer...
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36957972/the-human-microbiome-and-cancer
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace Y Chen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693157/transcription-factors-and-cancer-approaches-to-targeting
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie V Shiah, Daniel E Johnson, Jennifer R Grandis
Cancer is defined by the presence of uncontrollable cell growth, whereby improper proliferative signaling has overcome regulation by cellular mechanisms. Transcription factors are uniquely situated at the helm of signaling, merging extracellular stimuli with intracellular responses. Therefore, this class of proteins plays a pivotal role in coordinating the correct gene expression levels for maintaining normal cellular functions. Dysregulation of transcription factor activity unsurprisingly drives tumorigenesis and oncogenic transformation...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693156/a-brief-overview-of-cancer-vaccines
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J Muller, Sunil Thomas, George C Prendergast
Vaccine strategies for cancer differ from infectious disease in focusing mainly on clearing rather than preventing disease. Here we survey general vaccine strategies and combination therapy concepts being investigated for cancer treatment, with a focus on tumor antigens rather than cancer-inducing viruses or microorganisms. Many tumor antigens are "altered-self" and tend to arouse weaker immune responses than "foreign" antigens expressed by infectious agents. Further, unlike an infectious disease patient, a cancer patient's immune system is damaged, suppressed, or senescent and mainly tolerant of their disease...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693155/chimeric-antigen-receptor-t-cell-therapy-current-perspective-on-t-cell-intrinsic-t-cell-extrinsic-and-therapeutic-limitations
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shawna K Brookens, Avery D Posey
Genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy leverages the ability of the immune system to eliminate tumors and redirects cytotoxic functions toward cells expressing specified tumor-restricted antigens. Although 6 CAR T-cell therapies have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of many hematological malignancies, limitations involving T cell-intrinsic, T cell-extrinsic, and therapeutic factors remain in the treatment of both liquid and solid tumors. Chimeric antigen receptor design, signals from the tumor microenvironment, tumor antigen escape mechanisms, and systemic inflammatory consequences of CAR T-cell infusion all influence the efficacy and feasibility of CAR T-cell therapy in different malignancies...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693154/emerging-challenges-to-cellular-therapy-of-cancer
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Premal D Lulla, Malcolm Brenner
Cellular immunotherapy of cancer in the form of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy has become a standard treatment for lymphoid and more recently plasma cell malignancies. Although their successes in these cancers represent a breakthrough for adoptive cell therapy, there are several challenges to their continued growth in the field of cancer medicine. In this review, we discuss the progress made thus far toward achieving "off-the-shelf" accessibility of cell therapies that has the potential to greatly offset the costs associated with the current practice of making patient-specific products...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693153/impact-of-precision-medicine-in-oncology-immuno-oncology
#15
REVIEW
Elizabeth I Buchbinder, F Stephen Hodi
Cancer treatment has dramatically changed over the last decade with the development of immunotherapy. Therapies including immune cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibition, intratumoral therapies, and cellular therapies are already widely used in the oncology clinic. Active development continues in these areas and in the development of vaccines, bispecific therapies, and more refined cellular therapies. In this review, we will examine the role that immune therapy has in cancer treatment and explore areas of future development...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693152/gene-expression-profiles-in-cancers-and-their-therapeutic-implications
#16
REVIEW
Chad J Creighton
The vast amount of gene expression profiling data of bulk tumors and cell lines available in the public domain represents a tremendous resource. For any major cancer type, expression data can identify molecular subtypes, predict patient outcome, identify markers of therapeutic response, determine the functional consequences of somatic mutation, and elucidate the biology of metastatic and advanced cancers. This review provides a broad overview of gene expression profiling in cancer (which may include transcriptome and proteome levels) and the types of findings made using these data...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693151/molecular-testing-for-diagnostics-prognostication-and-treatment-stratification-in-cancers
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saleh Heneidi, Jeffrey A Golden, Eric Vail
Precision cancer care, for essentially all cancer types, now requires molecular diagnostics to assess mutations, chromosomal alterations, and gene expression to personalize treatments for individual patients. Advances in the diagnostics and treatment options have moved the field forward from fundamental discoveries beginning in the 1960s to the development of many targeted therapies that can be as specific as targeting a single-base-pair mutation. Herein is a brief historical perspective on cancer precision medicine with current diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment stratification guidance for early- and late-stage cancers...
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36693150/impact-of-precision-medicine-in-oncology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raju Kucherlapati
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2023: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36383913/strategies-for-mitigating-antibody-drug-conjugate-related-adverse-events-for-precision-therapy
#19
REVIEW
Mohamed A Gouda, Vivek Subbiah
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been revolutionary in improving personalized therapy of cancer. Through combining monoclonal antibodies, which are targeted to tumor-specific antigens, and cytotoxic agents, ADCs lead to selective delivery of active components, also called payloads, to cancerous cells while sparing healthy body cells from possible collateral damage. Adverse events, however, can still develop because of early release of the payload or cross-expression of targets by normal cells leading to collateral damage...
November 2022: Cancer Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36383912/antibody-drug-conjugates-in-multiple-myeloma
#20
REVIEW
Christopher J Ferreri, Hans C Lee
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a treatment option for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with the regulatory approval of the first-in-class B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) ADC belantamab mafodotin. Other BCMA and non-BCMA ADCs are currently in clinical development. Whereas ADCs allow antigen-specific delivery of a chemomoiety to myeloma cells, on-target and off-target effects related to antigen target, antibody, linker, and chemomoiety can also limit these approaches. We review the clinical development of belantamab mafodotin and ongoing efforts to enhance its efficacy while mitigating ocular toxicity...
November 2022: Cancer Journal
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