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Journals American Journal of Physiology...

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223929/the-ecto-nucleotide-pyrophosphatase-phosphodiesterase-2-promotes-early-osteoblast-differentiation-and-mineralization-in-stromal-stem-cells
#41
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irina L Tourkova, Quitterie C Larrouture, Silvia Liu, Jianhua Luo, Paul H Schlesinger, Harry C Blair
The phosphodiesterase enzymes mediate calcium-phosphate deposition in various tissues, although which enzymes are active in bone mineralization is unclear. Using gene array analysis, we found that a member of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family, ENPP2, was strongly down-regulated with age in stromal stem cells that produce osteoblasts and make bone. This is in keeping with reduced bone formation in older animals. Thus, we hypothesized that ENPP2 is, at least in part, an early mediator of bone formation and thus may reflect reduced bone formation with age...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223928/reduced-surface-ph-and-upregulated-ae2-anion-exchange-in-slc26a3-deleted-polarized-intestinal-epithelial-cells
#42
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahdi Amiri, Min Jiang, Azam Salari, Renjie Xiu, Seth L Alper, Ursula E Seidler
Loss of function mutations in the SLC26A3 gene cause chloride-losing diarrhea in mice and humans. While systemic adaptive changes in patients and mice have been documented, it is unclear how the colonic enterocyte adapts to the loss of its highly expressed anion exchanger in the luminal membrane. To address this question, SLC26A3 was deleted in the self-differentiating Caco2BBe colonic cell line by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. We selected a clone with loss of SLC26A3 protein expression and morphological features indistinguishable from those of the native cell line...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223927/paeoniflorin-confers-ferroptosis-resistance-by-regulating-the-gut-microbiota-and-its-metabolites-in-diabetic-cardiomyopathy
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haowei Wu, Peipei Zhang, Jiedong Zhou, Songqing Hu, Jinjin Hao, Zuoquan Zhong, Haiju Yu, Juntao Yang, Hangyuan Guo, Jufang Chi
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is closely related to ferroptosis, a new type of cell death that mainly manifests as intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Paeoniflorin (PA) helps improve impaired glucose tolerance and affects intestinal flora distributiona and induce significant resistance to ferroptosis in various models . In this study,we found PA improved cardiac dysfunction in mice with DCM by alleviating myocardial damage, resisting oxidative stress and ferroptosis, and changing the community composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223926/sensational-site-the-sodium-pump-ouabain-binding-site-and-its-ligands
#44
REVIEW
Mordecai P Blaustein, John M Hamlyn
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart failure (HF) therapy. In the 1950's and 60's we learned that the CTS receptor was part of the sodium pump (NKA) and that the Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger was critical for the acute cardiotonic effect of digoxin- and ouabain-related CTS. This "settled" view was upended by seven revolutionary observations. First, sub-nanomolar ouabain sometimes stimulates NKA whilst higher concentrations are invariably inhibitory...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223925/ca-2-storage-function-is-altered-in-the-sarcoplasmic-reticulum-of-skeletal-muscle-lacking-mitsugumin-23
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daiki Watanabe, Miyuki Nishi, Feng Liu, Yuhan Bian, Hiroshi Takeshima
Mitsugumin 23 (MG23) has been identified as a ball-shaped cation channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) but its physiological role remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the contribution of MG23 to Ca2+ storage function in skeletal muscle by using Mg23 -knockout ( Mg23 -/- ) mice. There was no difference in the isometric specific force of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles between Mg23 -/- and wild-type (Wt) mice. In Mg23 -/- mice, the calsequestrin 2 content in the EDL muscle and SR Ca2+ -ATPase 2 content in the SOL were increased...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38223924/bi-3231-an-enzymatic-inhibitor-of-hsd17b13-reduces-lipotoxic-effects-induced-by-palmitic-acid-in-murine-and-human-hepatocytes
#46
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucia Alcober-Boquet, Nico Kraus, Lisa Sophie Huber, Rajkumar Vutukuri, Dominik Christian Fuhrmann, Claudia Stross, Liliana Schaefer, Klaus Scholich, Stefan Zeuzem, Albrecht Piiper, Marcel H Schulz, Jonel Trebicka, Christoph Welsch, Cristina Ortiz
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), a lipid droplet-associated enzyme, is primarily expressed in the liver and plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Targeted inhibition of enzymatic function is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating steatotic liver disease (SLD). The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of the first selective HSD17B13 inhibitor, BI-3231, in a model of hepatocellular lipotoxicity using human cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes, in vitro . Lipotoxicity was induced with palmitic acid in HepG2 cells and freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes and the cells were co-incubated with BI-3231 to assess the protective effects...
January 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38193855/the-therapeutic-potential-of-ketones-in-cardiometabolic-disease-impact-on-heart-and-skeletal-muscle
#47
REVIEW
Shubham Soni, Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili, John R Ussher, Jason R B Dyck
β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is the major ketone in the body and it is recognized as a metabolic energy source and an important signaling molecule. While ketone oxidation is essential in the brain during prolonged fasting/starvation, other organs such as skeletal muscle and the heart also use ketones as metabolic substrates. Additionally, βOHB-mediated molecular signaling events occur in heart and skeletal muscle cells, and via metabolism and/or signaling, ketones may contribute to optimal skeletal muscle health and cardiac function...
January 9, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38190357/from-promise-to-success-ajp-cell-physiology-s-journey-of-accomplishments-and-future-vision
#48
EDITORIAL
Liliana Schaefer
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189137/mcemp1-is-expressed-in-classical-monocytes-and-alveolar-macrophages-in-ipf-and-regulates-cell-chemotaxis-adhesion-and-migration-in-a-tgf%C3%AE-dependent-manner
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carole Y Perrot, Theodoros Karampitsakos, Avraham Unterman, Taylor Adams, Krystin Marlin, Alyssa Arsenault, Amy Zhao, Naftali Kaminski, Gundars Katlaps, Kapilkumar Patel, Debabrata Bandyopadhyay, Jose D Herazo-Maya
Mast-Cell Expressed Membrane Protein-1 (MCEMP1) is higher in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) patients with increased risk of death. Here we aimed to establish the mechanistic role of MCEMP1 in pulmonary fibrosis. We identified increased MCEMP1 expression in classical monocytes and alveolar macrophages in IPF compared to controls. MCEMP1 was upregulated by TGFβ at the mRNA and protein levels in THP-1. TGFβ-mediated MCEMP1 upregulation results from the cooperation of SMAD3 and SP1 via concomitant binding to SMAD3/SP1 cis-regulatory elements within the MCEMP1 promoter...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189136/stretch-response-of-the-mechano-gated-channel-tmem63a-in-membrane-patches-and-single-cells
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sayeman Islam Niloy, Peter R Strege, Elizabeth C Hannan, Luke M Cowan, Fabian Linsenmeier, Oliver Friedrich, Gianrico Farrugia, Arthur Beyder
<u>Background:</u> The recently discovered ion channel TMEM63A has biophysical features distinctive for mechano-gated cation channels, activating at high pressures with slow kinetics while not inactivating. However, some biophysical properties are less clear, including no information on its function in whole cells. <u>Aim:</u> Expand the TMEM63A biophysical characterization and examine function in whole cells. <u>Methods:</u> Patches : Piezo1-knockout HEK293T cells were co-transfected with human TMEM63A and GFP, and macroscopic currents in cell-attached patches were recorded by high-speed pressure clamp at holding voltages from ‑120 to ‑20 mV with 0-100 mmHg patch suction for 1 s...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189134/pyroptosis-in-health-and-disease
#51
REVIEW
Gergely Imre
The field of cell death has witnessed significant advancements since the initial discovery of apoptosis in the 1970s. This review delves into the intricacies of pyroptosis, a more recently identified form of regulated, lytic cell death, and explores the roles of pyroptotic effector molecules, with a strong emphasis on their mechanisms and relevance in various diseases. Pyroptosis, characterized by its proinflammatory nature, is driven by the accumulation of large plasma membrane pores comprised of gasdermin family protein subunits...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189133/activation-of-the-alternative-complement-pathway-modulates-inflammation-in-thoracic-aortic-aneurysm-dissection
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunmei Piao, Wen-Mei Zhang, Jing Deng, Mei Zhou, Tingting Liu, Shuai Zheng, Lixin Jia, Wen-Chao Song, Yan Liu, Jie Du
Thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection (TAAD) is a lethal vascular disease, and several pathologic factors participate in aortic medial degeneration. We previously discovered that the complement C3a-C3aR axis in smooth muscle cells promotes the development of TAD through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2. However, discerning the specific complement pathway that is activated and elucidating how inflammation of the aortic wall is initiated remain unknown. We ascertained that the plasma levels of C3a and C5a were significantly elevated in patients with TAD and that the levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a were higher in acute TAD than in chronic TAD...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189132/cocoa-flavanols-nrf2-activation-and-oxidative-stress-in-peripheral-artery-disease-mechanistic-findings-in-muscle-based-on-outcomes-from-a-randomized-trial
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed Ismaeel, Mary M McDermott, Jai K Joshi, Jada C Sturgis, Dongxue Zhang, Karen J Ho, Robert Sufit, Luigi Ferrucci, Charlotte A Peterson, Kate Kosmac
The pathophysiology of muscle damage in peripheral artery disease (PAD) includes increased oxidant production and impaired antioxidant defenses. Epicatechin (EPI), a naturally occurring flavanol, has antioxidant properties which may mediate the beneficial effects of natural products such as cocoa. In a Phase II randomized trial, a cocoa-flavanol rich beverage significantly improved walking performance compared to placebo in people with PAD. In the present work, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of cocoa flavanols were investigated by analyzing baseline and follow-up muscle biopsies from participants...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189131/predicting-myosin-heavy-chain-isoform-from-post-dissection-fiber-length-in-human-skeletal-muscle-fibers
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Grace E Privett, Austin W Ricci, Julissa Ortiz-Delatorre, Damien M Callahan
Experimental techniques in single human skeletal muscle cells require manual dissection. Unlike other mammalian species, human skeletal muscle is characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, typically used to define "fiber type", which profoundly influences cellular function. Therefore, it is beneficial to predict MHC isoform at the time of dissection, facilitating a more balanced fiber-type distribution from a potentially imbalanced sample. Although researchers performing single fiber dissection report predicting fiber-type based on mechanical properties of fibers upon dissection, a rigorous examination of this approach has not been performed...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189130/the-complex-heterogeneity-of-the-immune-cell-signatures-across-wasting-tissues-with-c26-and-5-fluorouracil-induced-cachexia
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brandon N VanderVeen, Thomas D Cardaci, Brooke M Bullard, Alexander R Huss, Sierra J McDonald, Ahmed D Muhammed, Jason L Kubinak, Daping Fan, E Angela Murphy
Immune cell driven pathways are linked to cancer cachexia. Tumor presence is associated with immune cell infiltration whereas cytotoxic chemotherapies reduce immune cell counts. Despite these paradoxical effects, both cancer and chemotherapy can cause cachexia; however, our understanding of immune responses in the cachexia condition with cancer and chemotherapy is largely unknown. We sought to advance our understanding of the immunology underlying cancer and cancer with chemotherapy induced cachexia. CD2F1 mice were given 106 C26 cells, followed by 5 doses of 5-fluorouracil (5FU; 30mg/kg LM, i...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189129/beyond-host-defense-and-tissue-injury-the-emerging-role-of-neutrophils-in-tissue-repair
#56
REVIEW
Salma A Rizo-Téllez, János G Filep
Neutrophils, the most abundant immune cells in human blood, play a fundamental role in host defense against invading pathogens and tissue injury. Neutrophils carry potentially lethal weaponry to the affected site. Inadvertent and perpetual neutrophil activation could lead to non-resolving inflammation and tissue damage, a unifying mechanism of many common diseases. The prevailing view emphasizes the dichotomy of their function, host defense vs. tissue damage. However, tissue injury may also persist during neutropenia, which is associated with disease severity and poor outcome...
January 8, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189135/ketone-bodies-as-chemical-signals-for-the-immune-system
#57
EDITORIAL
Michelangelo B Gonzatti, Emily L Goldberg
Ketone bodies are short-chain fatty acids produced by the liver during periods of limited glucose availability, such as during fasting or low carbohydrate feeding. Recent studies have highlighted important nonmetabolic functions of the most abundant ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Notably, many of these functions, including limiting specific sources of inflammation, histone deacetylase inhibition, NFκB inhibition, and GPCR stimulation, are particularly important to consider in immune cells...
March 1, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189128/ketone-bodies-in-cell-physiology-and-cancer
#58
REVIEW
Giacomo Giuliani, Valter D Longo
Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies (KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However, KBs play pleiotropic roles that go beyond their role in energy production. KBs can act as signaling metabolites, influence gene expression, proteins' posttranslational modifications (PTMs), inflammation, and oxidative stress. Here, we explore the impact of KBs on mammalian cell physiology, including aging and tissue regeneration...
March 1, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145303/sarcomere-level-mechanics-of-the-fast-skeletal-muscle-of-the-medaka-fish-larva
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matteo Marcello, Viviana Cetrangolo, Ilaria Morotti, Caterina Squarci, Marco Caremani, Massimo Reconditi, Marco Savarese, Pasquale Bianco, Gabriella Piazzesi, Vincenzo Lombardi, Bjarne Udd, Ivan Conte, Vincenzo Nigro, Marco Linari
The medaka fish ( Oryzias latipes ) is a vertebrate model used in developmental biology and genetics. Here we explore its suitability as a model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of human myopathies caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins. To this end, the relevant mechanical parameters of the intact skeletal muscle of wild type medaka are determined using the transparent tail at larval stage 40. Tails were mounted at sarcomere length 2.1 μm in a thermoregulated trough containing physiological solution...
December 25, 2023: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145302/human-cx50-isoleucine177-prevents-heterotypic-docking-and-formation-of-functional-gap-junction-channels-with-cx43
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert S Wong, Honghong Chen, Yi X Li, Jessica L Esseltine, Peter B Stathopulos, Donglin Bai
The human lens is an avascular organ, and its transparency is dependent on gap junction (GJ)-mediated microcirculation. Lens GJs are composed of 3 connexins with Cx46 and Cx50 being expressed in lens fibre cells and Cx43 and Cx50 in the epithelial cells. Impairment of GJ communication by either Cx46 or Cx50 mutations has been shown to be one of the main molecular mechanisms of congenital cataracts in mutant carrier families. The docking compatibility and formation of functional heterotypic GJs for human lens connexins have not been studied...
December 25, 2023: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
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