journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490918/neurodevelopmental-outcomes-of-extremely-preterm-infants-with-bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-bpd-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#1
REVIEW
Khoa L Nguyen, Dominic A Fitzgerald, Annabel Webb, Barbara Bajuk, Himanshu Popat
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants born < 29 weeks gestation with/without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). STUDY DESIGN: Preterm infants < 29 weeks' gestation born 2007-2018 in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia, were included. Infants who died < 36 weeks' postmenstrual age and those with major congenital anomalies were excluded. Subjects were assessed at 18-42 months corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition...
March 1, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521643/a-review-of-host-specific-diagnostic-and-surrogate-biomarkers-in-children-with-pulmonary-tuberculosis
#2
REVIEW
Junaid Shaik, Manormoney Pillay, Prakash Jeena
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of mortality globally with a steady rise in paediatric cases in the past decade. Laboratory methods of diagnosing TB and monitoring response to treatment have limitations. Current research focuses on interrogating host- and/or pathogen-specific biomarkers to address this problem. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on host-specific biomarkers in TB to determine their value in diagnosis and treatment response in TB infected and HIV/TB co-infected children on anti-tuberculosis treatment...
February 17, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538377/the-lower-airway-microbiome-in-paediatric-health-and-chronic-disease
#3
REVIEW
S Campbell, K Gerasimidis, S Milling, A J Dicker, R Hansen, R J Langley
The advent of next generation sequencing has rapidly challenged the paediatric respiratory physician's understanding of lung microbiology and the role of the lung microbiome in host health and disease. In particular, the role of "microbial key players" in paediatric respiratory disease is yet to be fully explained. Accurate profiling of the lung microbiome in children is challenging since the ability to obtain lower airway samples coupled with processing "low-biomass specimens" are both technically difficult...
February 16, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490917/expiratory-airflow-limitation-in-adults-born-extremely-preterm-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#4
REVIEW
Henriette Lahn-Johannessen Lillebøe, Merete Salveson Engeset, Hege H Clemm, Thomas Halvorsen, Ola Drange Røksund, Thomas Potrebny, Maria Vollsæter
Extreme preterm (EP) birth, denoting delivery before the onset of the third trimester, interrupts intrauterine development and causes significant early-life pulmonary trauma, thereby posing a lifelong risk to respiratory health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate adult lung function following EP birth (gestational age <28 weeks); comparing forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1 /FVC to reference values. Subgroup differences were explored based on timing of birth relative to surfactant use (1991) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) status...
February 16, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395640/intravenous-magnesium-sulfate-for-asthma-exacerbations-in-children-systematic-review-with-meta-analysis
#5
REVIEW
Dominika Ambrożej, Aleksander Adamiec, Erick Forno, Izabela Orzołek, Wojciech Feleszko, Jose A Castro-Rodriguez
BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in children and constitutes a significant healthcare burden. First-line therapy for acute asthma exacerbations is well established. However, secondary treatments, including intravenous magnesium sulfate (IV-MgSO4), remain variable due to scarcity of data on its efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of IV-MgSO4 as a second line of treatment in managing children with asthma exacerbations...
February 12, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395639/-antibiotic-hypersensitivity-reactions-in-cystic-fibrosis-a-thorough-inspection-on-a-stumbling-block-in-patient-care
#6
REVIEW
Effie Skevofilax, Maria Moustaki, Ioanna Loukou, Konstantinos Douros
One hurdle in the management of CF, a disease characterized by progressive endobronchial infection, is the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobials due to prolonged and repetitive treatment courses. The aim of this review is to compile existing data and provide insight to medical professionals on a long-debated topic for optimum patient care. Clinical studies were inducted from the last 15 years and filtered based on their relativity to drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), antibiotics and CF...
February 12, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423894/a-review-of-post-covid-syndrome-pathophysiology-clinical-presentation-and-management-in-children-and-young-people
#7
REVIEW
Rebecca Johnston, Samatha Sonnappa, Anne-Lise Goddings, Elizabeth Whittaker, Terry Y Segal
Post Covid Syndrome (PCS) is a complex multi-system disorder with a spectrum of presentations. Severity ranges from mild to very severe with variable duration of illness and recovery. This paper discusses the difficulties defining and describing PCS. We review the current understanding of PCS, epidemiology, and predisposing factors. We consider potential mechanisms including viral persistence, clotting dysfunction and immunity. We review presentation and diagnosis and finally consider management strategies including addressing symptom burden, rehabilitation, and novel therapies...
January 18, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38309973/biochemical-and-genetic-tools-to-predict-the-progression-to-cystic-fibrosis-in-crms-cfspid-subjects-a-systematic-review
#8
REVIEW
Vito Terlizzi, Sara Manti, Federica D'Amico, Giuseppe F Parisi, Elena Chiappini, Rita Padoan
OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to identify risk factors for a progression to cystic fibrosis (CF) in individuals detected as CF Screening Positive, Inconclusive Diagnosis (CFSPID). METHODS: This is a systematic review through literature databases (2015-2023). Blood immunoreactive trypsinogen (b-IRT) values, CFTR genotype, sweat chloride (SC) values, isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) from respiratory samples, Lung Clearance Index (LCI) values in CFSPIDs who converted to CF (CFSPID > CF) and age at CF transition were assessed...
January 18, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38233229/racial-and-skin-color-mediated-disparities-in-pulse-oximetry-in-infants-and-young-children
#9
REVIEW
Megha Sharma, Andrew W Brown, Nicholas M Powell, Narasimhan Rajaram, Lauren Tong, Peter M Mourani, Mario Schootman
Race-based and skin pigmentation-related inaccuracies in pulse oximetry have recently been highlighted in several large electronic health record-based retrospective cohort studies across diverse patient populations and healthcare settings. Overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximeters, particularly in hypoxic states, is disparately higher in Black compared to other racial groups. Compared to adult literature, pediatric studies are relatively few and mostly reliant on birth certificates or maternal race-based classification of comparison groups...
January 5, 2024: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281822/cystic-fibrosis-liver-disease-in-the-new-era-of-cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-receptor-cftr-modulators
#10
REVIEW
Jessica A Eldredge, Mark R Oliver, Chee Y Ooi
Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) is characterised by a wide heterogenity of manifestations and severity. It represents a major cause of morbidity in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), which will be of increasing relevance as survival increases in the new era of cystic fibrosis care. No medical therapy currently available has evidence to treat or prevent progression of liver disease. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Receptor (CFTR) modulators may be transformative on pulmonary, nutritional and quality of life, but direct effect on long term liver disease outcomes is not yet established...
December 28, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195368/the-impact-of-maternal-asthma-on-the-fetal-lung-outcomes-mechanisms-and-interventions
#11
REVIEW
Joshua L Robinson, Kathryn L Gatford, Vicki L Clifton, Janna L Morrison, Michael J Stark
Maternal asthma affects up to 17% of pregnancies and is associated with adverse infant, childhood, and adult respiratory outcomes, including increased risks of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, childhood wheeze and asthma. In addition to genetics, these poor outcomes are likely due to the mediating influence of maternal asthma on the in-utero environment, altering fetal lung and immune development and predisposing the offspring to later lung disease. Maternal asthma may impair glucocorticoid signalling in the fetus, a process critical for lung maturation, and increase fetal exposure to proinflammatory cytokines...
December 23, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184480/virtues-of-peep-in-the-picu-and-beyond
#12
EDITORIAL
Henry Rozycki, Brigitte Fauroux
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 20, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176989/exercise-testing-for-young-athletes
#13
REVIEW
H Fitzgerald, D A Fitzgerald, H Selvadurai
With increasing competitiveness across the sporting landscape, there is a need for more research into monitoring and managing the young athlete, as the needs of a young athlete are vastly different to those of an older athlete who is already established in their respective sport. As the age of sports specialisation seems to decrease, exercise testing in the younger cohort of athletes is crucial for safety and long-term success. This article provides a comprehensive summary of available testing and monitoring methods that can be used to assist young athletes as they mature and attempt to excel in their chosen sport...
December 19, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38151454/pulmonary-fibrosis-treatment-in-children-what-have-we-learnt-from-studies-in-adults
#14
REVIEW
Michael B Jia, Dominic A Fitzgerald
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in children is a rare complication of specific forms of childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) with extremely limited scientific evidence to guide optimal management. Whilst there continues to be significant progress in PF management for adult populations, paediatric guidelines have stagnated. New anti-fibrotic medications (nintedanib and pirfenidone) are finding regular use amongst adult PF patients but remain largely unstudied and untested in children. Although there are major differences between the two age-group populations, it is useful to learn from the evolution of adult PF management, especially in the absence of dedicated paediatric studies...
December 7, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37718235/cough-medicines-for-children-time-for-a-reality-check
#15
REVIEW
Gene Clark, Dominic A Fitzgerald, Bruce K Rubin
Cough medicines have been in use for over a century to treat the common and troublesome, but often helpful, symptoms of cough in children. They contain various combinations of "anti-tussive" drugs including opioids, antihistamines, herbal preparations, mucolytics, decongestants and expectorants. Whilst theoretically attractive for symptom relief when children are suffering, as time has passed these popular over the counter medicines have been shown to lack efficacy, delay more serious underlying diagnoses, and can cause complications and sometimes death...
December 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37330411/microbiology-and-management-of-respiratory-infections-in-children-with-tracheostomy
#16
REVIEW
F Birru, C A Gerdung, M Castro-Codesal
Tracheostomy-related respiratory infections are common, though the diagnosis and management can be challenging in children. The goal of this review article was to provide an overview of the current knowledge known about recognizing and treating respiratory infections in this population and to emphasize future areas for further research. While several small and retrospective papers attempt to provide information, there remain more questions than answers. We have reviewed ten published articles to understand this topic, bringing to light significant variation in clinical practices across institutions...
December 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38245464/paediatric-melioidosis
#17
REVIEW
Olivia Jarrett, Soputhirith Seng, Dominic A Fitzgerald
Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the saprophytic gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Despite the infection being endemic in southeast Asia and northern Australia, the broad clinical presentations and diagnostic difficulties limit its early detection, particularly in children. Melioidosis more commonly affects the immunocompromised and adults. Melioidosis is increasingly being diagnosed around the world and whole-genome sequencing indicates that these cases are not linked with travel to endemic areas...
November 24, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38030513/positive-end-expiratory-pressure-in-the-pediatric-intensive-care-unit
#18
REVIEW
Martin C J Kneyber
Application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) targeted towards improving oxygenation is one of the components of the ventilatory management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). Low end-expiratory airway pressures cause repetitive opening and closure of unstable alveoli, leading to surfactant dysfunction and parenchymal shear injury. Consequently, there is less lung volume available for tidal ventilation when there are atelectatic lung regions. This will increase lung strain in aerated lung areas to which the tidal volume is preferentially distributed...
November 23, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37996258/learning-from-cystic-fibrosis-how-can-we-start-to-personalise-treatment-of-children-s-interstitial-lung-disease-child
#19
REVIEW
Andrew Bush
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disorder cause by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) gene. The prognosis of cystic fibrosis has been transformed by the discovery of highly effective modulator therapies (HEMT). Treatment has changed from reactive therapy dealing with complications of the disease to pro-active correction of the underlying molecular functional abnormality. This has come about by discovering the detailed biology of the different CF molecular sub-endotypes; the development of biomarkers to assess response even in mild disease or young children; the performance of definitive large randomised controlled trials in patients with a common mutation and the development of in vitro testing systems to test efficacy in those patients with rare CFTR mutations...
November 19, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37940462/bronchoscopy-findings-in-children-with-congenital-lung-and-lower-airway-abnormalities
#20
REVIEW
Pierre Goussard, Ernst Eber, Shyam Venkatakrishna, Jacques Janson, Pawel Schubert, Savvas Andronikou
Congenital lung and lower airway abnormalities are rare, but they are an important differential diagnosis in children with respiratory diseases, especially if the disease is recurrent or does not resolve. The factors determining the time of presentation of congenital airway pathologies include the severity of narrowing, association with other lesions and the presence or absence of congenital heart disease (CHD). Bronchoscopy is required in these cases to assess the airway early after birth or when intubation and ventilation are difficult or not possible...
October 30, 2023: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews
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