Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology

BACKGROUND: Uveal melanoma (UM) can be classified by tumour size category and by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) groups (cytogenetic-based, 4-category prognostic classification into Groups A-D). This study was conducted to assess impact on metastasis-free survival (MFS) in UM by tumour size category based on correlation with TCGA classification. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 1001 cases categorised as small (0.0-3.0 mm), medium (3.1-8.0 mm) and large (≥8...

BACKGROUND: Vision screening programs can provide epidemiological information regarding visual impairment in children. This study aims to report the characteristics of visual abnormalities diagnosed through the Primary School Nurse Health Readiness Program (PSNHRP) in Queensland, Australia. METHODS: A retrospective review of vision screening records from the PSNHRP between January 2017 and December 2020 was undertaken. Children aged between 4 and 7 who underwent vision screening were included for review...

BACKGROUND: To describe the incidence and pattern of reactivation of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) following successful treatment with treat-and-extend intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with treated nAMD who did not require further treatment over a 6-month period and who attended their 3-monthly optical coherence tomography monitoring clinic in Moorfields Eye Hospital from 1 November 2019 to 31 January 2020 were included...

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BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness, and gut microbiota (GM) is associated with glaucoma. Whether this association represents a causal role remains unknown. This study aims to assess the potential association and causal link between GM and various forms of glaucoma, emphasising the need for cautious interpretation of the strength of these associations. METHODS: Employing a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) framework with false discovery rate correction and various sensitivity analyses, supplemented by genetic correlation analysis via linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and colocalisation for European summary-level data between MiBioGen consortium and FinnGen Study, we sought to explore the relationship between GM and glaucoma...

BACKGROUND: To determine if glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase from inception to February 2024 to identify clinical studies reporting the development of and changes in DR as the primary outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes taking GLP-1RA, insulin, or oral antidiabetic medication (OAD)...

BACKGROUND: To explore the role of gut microbiota in preterm infants at high risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Preterm infants with gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and/or birth weight (BW) < 1500 g born between 2020 and 2021 were prospectively enrolled. Their faecal samples were collected and analysed at different postnatal ages of life using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Miseq platform...

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated different treatment modalities' effect on the risk of central nervous system lymphoma progression, ocular disease relapse, systemic lymphoma development and overall survival in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma patients. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library of clinical trials were searched from inception to April 21, 2024. Cohort, cross-sectional and case series studies were included...

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BACKGROUND: Effective clinical implementation of polygenic risk testing for glaucoma relies on healthcare professionals' attitudes and knowledge of the test. Given the emerging applications of the test, it will likely impact a range of healthcare professionals and will require competency in polygenic risk scores concepts for all those involved in patient care. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess healthcare professionals' views towards polygenic testing for glaucoma. METHODS: An online cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to healthcare professionals via relevant professional organisations in Australia...

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BACKGROUND: To assess topical dorzolamide as medical therapy for idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs). METHODS: Randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, single-centre clinical trial involving 32 patients with idiopathic small FTMHs (<400 <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:mrow><mml:mi>μm</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:annotation>$$ \upmu \mathrm{m} $$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> )...

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BACKGROUND: To compare pain perception, pupil behaviours, and cytokine levels during first-eye and second-eye femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and determine which is better regarding a short or long interval for bilateral FLACS. METHODS: Notably, 96 eyes of 48 patients with bilateral cataracts underwent the first surgeries in the left or right eye, according to a random sequence. They were further randomised into 2- and 6-week subgroups based on surgery intervals...

BACKGROUND: To establish a novel vault prediction formula after implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation that considers both anterior and posterior chamber characteristics with multi-modal parameters. METHODS: A total of 103 and 65 eyes were included in the development and validation groups, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using data from optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in the development group to synthesise summative factors with different clinical significance...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and correction of anisometropia among primary school children in northwestern China. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted in Shaanxi Province. Visual acuity (VA) and autorefraction without cycloplegia were assessed in all participants, and some received axial length (AL) measurements. Anisometropia was categorised based on spherical equivalent (SE), cylindrical (CYL), and AL. The prevalence of anisometropia and refractive correction across different ages and sexes, and correlations between ocular parameters, were analysed...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate current practice patterns of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgery (ISBCS) by ophthalmologists in Singapore and assess their attitudes towards performing ISBCS in future cataract care. METHODS: An anonymised electronic survey, modified to local context from a similar study conducted in the United Kingdom, was distributed to members of the College of Ophthalmologists, Academy of Medicine, Singapore, from 20 June to 1 September 2023...

BACKGROUND: Accurate prognostic factors for primary ocular adnexal lymphoma (POAL) are scarce. Survival models and prognostic factors derived without considering competing risk factors suffer from major statistical errors. This study aimed to accurately assess prognostic factors in POAL patients using competing risk models, and compare this to the traditional COX proportional hazards model. METHODS: This retrospective study utilised data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program 2010-2015 and included patients with B-cell POAL...

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal hypoxia is common, under-diagnosed and is found in the same demographic at risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The objective of this study was to determine any association between nocturnal hypoxia and AMD, its severity, and the high-risk sub-phenotype of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included participants aged ≥50 years with AMD, or normal controls, exclusive of those on treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea...

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