Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria

The aetiologic agent of COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Like other coronaviruses, it generally induces enteric and respiratory diseases in animals and humans. COVID-19 may be subclinical, and symptomatic, ranging from mild-to-severe disease. The spectrum of presentation is the result of several factors ranging from the inoculum size, inherent host susceptibility, possible cross-reacting circulating antibodies. Subclinical viral infections are associated with widespread community transmission and in some cases like Polio, herd immunity...

Background: Maternal complications and poor perinatal outcome are highly associated with non-utilisation of antenatal and delivery care services. The study aimed at determining the socio-demographical characteristics and feto-maternal outcome in unbooked mothers who delivered at a tertiary referral hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of all unbooked patients managed at the Obstetric unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013...

Background: The importance of use of blood and blood products in medical practice cannot be over emphasized. Voluntary non remunerated blood donation forms the basis for ensuring regular availability of safe blood during blood donation and transfusion. However, volunteer blood donors account for less than one-half of blood supply in developing countries. Methodology: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation by residents of a peri-urban community...

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of haematologic abnormalities seen in incident haemodialysis patients using standard laboratory reference ranges with reference ranges derived locally. Study Design and Method: This was a retrospective study of 97 patients with renal failure who received haemodialysis at a single dialysis unit in Lagos, Nigeria. All patients were 18 years of age or older, had renal failure requiring dialysis, and had not previously dialyzed...

Background: Nosocomial infections pose a great challenge on healthcare systems. Although surfaces in neonatal wards, umbilical stump wounds and catheter are responsible for a high number of nosocomial infections due to bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile of air and surface contamination in the special care baby unit of a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: Surface and air samples were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacteria were determined...

Background: The social media has revolutionized the practice of medicine in the area of communication and information dissemination. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional study of eighty-seven (87) consenting ophthalmologists and ophthalmology residents at the 40th Annual Scientific and General Meeting of the Ophthalmological Society of Nigeria held from 24th to 28th August, 2015 in Jos, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaires and data obtained were recorded in the data sheets and analysed using the SPSS version 20 (2014)...

Background: Building construction workers are engaged in a dangerous job, exposing them to an array of hazards. Construction accidents cause deaths, injuries and economic loss each year. The leading cause building site accidents include falls from unsafe working conditions and scaffolding. This study was to determine the pattern of hazards / accidents in building construction sites in Obio Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 400 consenting respondents (366 males and 34 females) using a multistage sampling system...

Objectives: Detection of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria still remains a challenge. We evaluated the feasibility of programmatic implementation of the Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) assay, a rapid culture and drug susceptibility testing technique for drug susceptibility testing in a low resource setting. Method: In a novel laboratory setting in Nigeria, we obtained data from the market on the cost of materials necessary for MODS assay...

Background: Hypertension, if untreated or uncontrolled, leads to damage of vital organs such as the brain, heart and the kidneys among others. These complications have been shown to be severer in black Africans. Benefit of treatment has been repeatedly demonstrated by many studies. Therefore, many guidelines have been produced by relevant bodies in different countries in order to assist physicians in making the right choices for blood pressure (BP) control. Most of these bodies produce the guidelines based on the peculiarities of hypertension in their respective population...

Background: Brain Metastases is a devastating complication of Cancer affecting 10-50% of patients with systemic disease. It by far outnumbers primary Brain tumor in a 10:1 ratio. Aims and Objective: To determine the age distribution, gender distribution, tumor of origin, commonest radiotherapy regimen and median survival of patients who received Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2006-May 2015 patients who received Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases for confirmed Brain Metastases were studied in a Retrospective study and evaluated with respect to age, gender, tumor of origin and radiotherapy regimen...

Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in developing countries. It is a major cause of cancer related deaths among women in our subregion. Objective: To determine the incidence, mode of presentation, associated risk factors and management of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the cervix at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. Method: This was a retrospective study of all the cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the cervix at the Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, between first of August 2009 and 31st July 2014...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Objectives: Contemporary histopathology practice and training in Nigeria have been plagued by the fundamental issue of inadequate exposure to surgical pathology material by both trainees and trainers. This paper critically examines the factors that affect the discipline and profers practical solutions to aid its advancement. Materials and Method: This review is based on the authors experience and observations of histopathology practice in Nigeria. Results: The Nigerian health sector is plagued by many ills including poor funding, weak policies, dilapidated structures, disgruntled and frustrated practitioners, amongst others - and pathologists are not immune to all these...

Background: Drug-resistant hypertension can be attributable to secondary hypertension and other causes. Anomalous renal artery is uncommon but can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. Case Report: We highlight the challenges in management of resistant hypertension and describe its unusual association with renal artery anomaly in 53 years old man who was referred to our nephrology clinic from a peripheral general hospital on account of poorly controlled hypertension...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: Poor referral linkages had been noted and documented by various researchers on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. This study is designed to find out the situation of referral practices and make recommendations on how to improve the situation. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of health education and training on the Knowledge, attitude and practices of patient referral by primary health care workers in Mushin and Surulere Local Government Areas of Lagos State of Nigeria...

Background: Total knee replacement is a rewarding and reliable procedure, producing a lasting relief to severe knee pains. However, significant blood loss usually in the post-operative period may be a challenge, necessitating prompt restoration of circulating blood volume to minimize morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood loss after total knee replacement. Patients and Methods: A prospective study of blood loss after Total Knee Arthroplasty in 53 patients in the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos...

Background: Rhinitis is one of the commonest occupational related respiratory disorders that is only restricted to the upper airway but can involve the lower respiratory tract with considerable airflow limitation, this study was conducted assess the ventilator function of persons exposed to saw dust with rhinitis symptoms. Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out among 200 randomly selected saw mill workers and 200 healthy staff of Jos University Teaching Hospital staff in Jos metropolis from September to November 2008...