Pediatrics International : Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society

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BACKGROUND: Persistent low-grade fever has been observed in some patients during intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for Kawasaki disease (KD); however, smoldering fever (SF) has not previously been reported in patients with KD. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of SF in patients with KD. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study, which included a total of 621 patients who received IVIG therapy, was conducted. Patients with a fever of 37...

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BACKGROUND: Sedating children for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires special consideration. The 2018 revision of social insurance allows additional fees to be calculated for pediatric MRIs performed under sedation in Japan. The number and trend of actual claims since this addition was established is unknown. METHODS: To analyze the claims of additional fees for pediatric sedated MRI imaging after fiscal year (FY) 2018, the actual claims of the addition in inpatient and outpatient practice was analyzed using publicly-available data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW)...

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BACKGROUND: In Japan, the first human milk bank (HMB) was established in 2017, which changed the practice of enteral feeding in neonatal care. This study investigated the practice of enteral feeding of preterm infants after the establishment of the HMB in Japan and examine future issues. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 251 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from December 2020 to February 2021. RESULTS: The response rate was 61%. Although approximately 59% and 62% NICUs responded for ELBWI and VLBWI, only 30% and 46% could achieve this, respectively...

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BACKGROUND: We examined the associations between factors evident at the routine 3-month well child visit (WCV) and the risk of developing 36-month parent-reported physician-diagnosed bronchial asthma (BA). METHODS: This longitudinal study was conducted in Nagoya City, Japan, and included 40,242 children who qualified for the 3-month WCVs in the city between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2018. In total, 22,052 (54.8%) questionnaires linked to their 36-month WCVs were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Antiseizure medications (ASM) are the primary treatment for epilepsy; however, some prospective cohort studies in adults suggested that the efficacy of the third and subsequent ASM treatment are poor. Thus, we aimed to assess the outcomes of ASM treatment in new-onset pediatric epilepsy. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 281 pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy, in which the first ASM was prescribed between July 2015 and June 2020 at Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has prompted some hospitals to implement screening tests upon admission since 2019. FilmArray® Respiratory 2.1 Panel (FilmArray) is a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting respiratory pathogens. We aimed to assess the clinical influence of FilmArray routine use for pediatric patients, including those without symptoms suggestive of an infection. METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study, which investigated patients aged ≤ 15 years who underwent FilmArray on admission in 2021...

BACKGROUND: MIS-C is hyperinflammation following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and effects many organs. COVID-19 effects the retina and choroid through microangiopathy and thrombosis but the knowledge related to MIS-C in literature is limited. METHODS: Thirty children (60 eyes) with MIS-C (Study group-SG) and age-and gender-matched, 32 healthy children (64 eyes) (Control group-CG) were included in the prospective case-control study. Complete ophthalmological examinations, measurements of the vessel densities of the retinal layers, and flow area of the outer retina and choriocapillaris in both groups were done with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)...

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BACKGROUND: Concerns about the safety and adverse reactions of rapidly developed vaccines against COVID-19 contributed to parents' vaccine hesitancy and this situation created an opportunity for anti-vaccine campaigners. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in parents' attitudes towards childhood vaccines during the course of COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, parents of children who applied to the outpatient clinic of pediatric department of Trakya University Hospital between August 2020 and February 2021 were recruited into two study groups according to COVID-19 peak time in Türkiye...

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