Growth Hormone & IGF Research

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OBJECTIVE: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are involved in regulating growth and metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity, improve glucose metabolism, and are potentially related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its complications for mothers and fetuses. DESIGN: This study aimed to assess serum levels and cord blood levels of IGF system components in pregnant women with (39 participants) and without GDM (22 participants). Blood samples were obtained at 28-32 and 36-38 weeks of gestation and 6-12 months after delivery...

PURPOSE: To determine whether biochemical responses to long-acting forms of first-generation somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy in patients with acromegaly could be predicted from baseline and postoperative hormone concentrations, and tumor radiological and histopathological characteristics. METHODS: A total of 68 patients with acromegaly for whom postoperative SSA therapy was started were categorized according to their responses to treatment (SSA-responders vs...

OBJECTIVE: Under clinical development for patients with growth hormone deficiency, JR-142 is a long-acting growth hormone with a half-life extended by fusion with modified serum albumin. We conducted a Phase 1 study to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of once-weekly subcutaneous administrations of JR-142. The study consisted of two parts: an open-label single ascending dosing study (Part 1), and a randomized, placebo-controlled, assessor-blinded multiple ascending dosing study (Part 2)...

OBJECTIVES: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor of the insulin receptor family. Its expression is consistently increased in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue, and it participates in hepatic carcinogenesis. Targeting IGF-1R may be a potential therapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma. This study therefore aimed to explore the effect of IGF-1R on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS: IGF-1R silencing cell lines were established by small-interfering RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC7721, after which the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of SMMC7721 was evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: It is well established that growth hormone (GH) has the ability to stimulate lipolysis. The effects of GH on adipocyte differentiation and browning have not been clearly described. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the role of GH in the differentiation and browning of bovine subcutaneous adipocytes as well as its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: We first treated bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes with different concentrations (0, 10, 100, and 500 ng/mL) of GH for 8 days and measured lipid accumulation and gene expression...

PURPOSE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically a chronic, often lifelong condition. Data suggest that ADHD itself and its treatment may be associated with dysregulated growth, including height and BMI. The reason for this association is yet unknown. The objective of this study was to examine differences in growth hormone (GH) response to exercise between children who had received a diagnosis of ADHD and age- and gender-matched controls. We reasoned that the normal increase in circulating GH seen in response to exercise would be blunted in children with ADHD...

BACKGROUND: Despite many similarities between the structure, receptors, proliferative and growth promoting actions, the relationship between Prolactin (PRL) and Growth Hormone (GH) in clinical conditions has received little attention. OBJECTIVE: To determine the PRL response to GH stimulation tests. SUBJECTS: Prepubertal and early pubertal boys (n = 581) and girls (n = 502) with idiopathic, non-syndromatic short stature. DESIGN: Data was retrieved from the computerized records of the Endocrine Laboratory, Schneider Children's Medical Center...

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the reduction of IGF-1 in missed abortion down-regulates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby causing trophoblast cell apoptosis and reducing the secretion of β-hCG and progesterone. DESIGN: 12 pairs of serum and villous tissues were selected from missed abortion patients and normal early pregnant women who had terminated pregnancy by artificial abortion. The subjects in two groups had same age and gestational week. Wes Simple Western system and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and apoptosis-related factors in villous tissues...

OBJECTIVE: To understand the growth of teeth and mandibular and maxillary bones in subjects with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mesiodistal tooth width of 28 maxillary and mandibular dental models of 14 adult IGHD subjects (9 men) were digitalized and compared to 40 models of 20 normal-statured controls (11 men). The mean SDS of the maxillary and mandibular teeth were compared with height, cephalic perimeter, total anterior facial height, total maxillary and mandibular length, and maxillary and mandibular arches...

OBJECTIVE: Acromegaly is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH), resulting in excessive levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and almost always due to a pituitary tumor. It is classically associated with acral enlargement, prominent facial features and soft tissue overgrowth. Skin manifestations include hirsutism, acne, skin tags, oily skin and acanthosis nigricans. However, other uncommon dermatological features, such as cutis verticis gyrata (CVG), may also occur...

OBJECTIVE: Neurosteroids (NSs) are a distinct hormone group and, they are known for their contribution into the status of mood and cognitive functions. Whether they are also involved in the mood disturbances and cognition in acromegaly is not known. Herein we aimed to evaluate the relation of mood status and cognitive functions with the NS levels in cases with acromegaly. DESIGN: A total of 33 cases with acromegaly composed the acromegaly group (AG) and, 30 age and gender-matched cases without acromegaly composed the control group (CG)...

OBJECTIVE/DESIGN: Approximately 2.9 million children and adults in the US experience traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) annually, most of which are considered mild. TBI can induce varying consequences on pituitary function, with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) among the more commonly reported conditions. Panels of pediatric and adult endocrinologists, neurologists, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists, and neuropsychologists convened in February and October 2020 to discuss ongoing challenges and provide strategies for detection and optimal management of patients with mild TBI and GHD...

Long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) is emerging to be a new preparation for treatment of short stature. We aimed to determine whether 12-month treatment with LAGH in patients with idiopathic short stature has an effect on the nocturnal endogenous growth hormone (GH) secretion and metabolic consequences and efficacy. Participants included 10 GH-naïve prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). One patient was withdrawn due to own decline during study. Participants were randomized on a 1:1 ratio to receive either a daily GH (0...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of metformin on thyroid cancer risk in patients with acromegaly. METHODS: Medical charts of 534 patients with acromegaly that were followed-up between 1983 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients with follow-up duration at least 6 months were included. Cohort entry was defined as first visit date. The date of each case's thyroid cancer diagnosis was defined as index date. Patients were followed until the index date, death, or last visit date, whichever came first...

OBJECTIVE: The GH and IGF-1 axis is a candidate disease-modifying target in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) given its lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and GH receptor (GHR) expression in adult, human hepatic tissue is not well understood across the spectrum of NAFLD severity. Therefore, we sought to investigate hepatic IGF-1R and GHR expression in subjects with NAFLD utilizing gene expression analysis (GEA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)...

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether auto/paracrine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contributes to the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken myotubes. METHODS: Chicken myotubes were treated with IGF-1 siRNA, and then total RNA and protein were harvested for real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with IGF-1 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, but not of ribosomal protein S6, in chicken myotubes. Interestingly, IGF-1 siRNA downregulated the expression of IGF-2...

OBJECTIVE: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by restriction of energy intake, low weight, and endocrine abnormalities. One of the known endocrine changes in relation to underweight is in the GH/IGF-I axis. The aim of the study was (a) to investigate longitudinal characteristics of the IGF-I-change during therapy and weight gain in adult AN, (b) to determine relationships between IGF-I and leptin, (c) to characterize patients with weak and pronounced hormonal reactions to underweight...

The most frequent diagnosis underlying the finding of an elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is acromegaly due to a GH-secreting pituitary tumour. However, GH and IGF-1 levels can be discordant in patients with acromegaly due to early or partially treated disease, or there might be another cause of high GH or high IGF-1 unrelated to acromegaly, such as pre-analytical and technical pitfalls, physiological circumstances and pathological conditions. High GH and normal or low serum IGF-1, or alternatively, normal GH with elevated serum IGF-1, should be carefully assessed to avoid misinterpreting the activity of acromegaly or misdiagnosing a patient with acromegaly...

OBJECTIVE: Decathlon is a combined track and field competition, consisting of ten, mainly anaerobic events. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) axis plays a pivotal role in athletes' structural and functional muscle adaptation to exercise training, and in their competitive performance. Based on the great demand for speed physiological characteristics among decathlon athletes, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IGF genetic polymorphisms among decathletes, to present an optimal genetic profile for enhancing performance...