Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association des Anatomistes

BACKGROUND: One of the most recent hormones to be identified and isolated is irisin, extracted from mouse skeletal muscle in 2012. Irisin has been proven to alter blood pressure, which has an impact on blood vessels, enhance endothelial functions, and prevent injury to endothelial cells. The current study aimed to study the effect of irisin on the ultrastructure of the rat thoracic aorta using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female rats were recruited for this study and divided into a control group (non-injected), and four experimental groups (injected groups) each consisting of 4 rats...

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the branchial origin of the articular and the square (homology of the malleus and the incus of mammals), we used immunohistochemistry to analyse the expression of the Hox-A2 protein during cephalogenesis in chickens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of embryos from stage HH16 to HH40. RESULTS: In addition to the columella (equivalent to the mammalian stapes), the joint between the articular and the quadrate bones, and the retro-articular process of the articular (homologous to the short process of the malleus) express Hox-A2, suggesting an intervention of the 2nd arch in their formation...

The presence of schistocytes can be responsible for spurious thrombocytosis and spuriously low red blood count (RBC). The hemoglobin concentration will be correct (as the method usually used, destroys the red cells and converts a substantial proportion of the hemoglobin to a stable pigment) but mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is falsely high. The platelets and RBC histograms of the full blood count analyzers play an important role in the identification of schistocytes and must be carefully analyzed before reporting the previously full blood count parameters...

Collagen X is an extracellular matrix protein, usually found in the hypertrophic cartilage destined to be mineralized. It is intimately associated with the mineralization process of the mammalian hard tissues, and particularly, regulating the compartmentalization of matrix components. Despite the fact that the dentine of the tooth is highly mineralized, there are no previous reports to indicate the presence of collagen X in this connective tissue. Here we report, for the first time, its presence in mammalian dentine based on micromorphological and immunohistochemical data...

PURPOSE: The biceps brachii muscle (BBM) is a large and thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. The scientific literature reports the existence of extra heads. OBJECTIVE: The present work investigated the frequency of occurrence of BBM accessory head(s) in four different Anatomy Laboratories at universities in Northeast Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Once the upper limbs with an anatomical variation of the BBM heads were identified, the accessory head was evaluated for morphometric characterization (the length, width, and thickness)...

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the correlation between dermatoglyphic patterns and quantitative palatal anatomic variables in individuals with different growth patterns. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 healthy patients aged 17-25 years. Participants were divided into three groups based on growth patterns: average, vertical, and horizontal. Dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded using an optical fingerprint sensor, and palatal characteristics were measured using digital software...

The permanent left mandibular canines have been used for sexual dimorphism when human identification is necessary. Controversy remains whether the morphology of these teeth is actually useful to distinguish males and females. This study aimed to assess the sexual dimorphism of canines by means of a pioneering artificial intelligence approach to this end. A sample of 13,046 teeth radiographically registered from 5838 males and 7208 females between the ages of 6 and 22.99 years was collected. The images were annotated using Darwin V7 software...

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Dental anatomy is an essential skill for human identification in forensic odontology. With the advent of technology enabling virtual autopsies, there is scope for virtual consultation by forensic odontologists especially when the expertise is unavailable but needed in zones of conflict or disasters. This study aimed to investigate potential benefits and challenges of identifying intact and damaged teeth from 3D scanned digital models. Ten 3D tooth models - nine permanent and deciduous human teeth and one animal tooth were uploaded on a hosting platform...

BACKGROUND: The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint's collateral ligaments have been extensively debated, with no clear consensus on their mechanics. Understanding their function is crucial for comprehending joint movement and stability. METHODS: A thorough search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and grey literature. A total of 59 articles were identified, and after rigorous evaluation, six articles were included in the review...

BACKGROUND: Spinal Accessory Nerve (SAN), which innervates the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius muscles, is closely related to the internal jugular vein (IJV) in the anterior triangle of the neck and passes superficially in the posterior triangle. Injury to SAN is a major complication of level II neck dissection, leading to shoulder syndrome. The present study aims to assess the course and its relation to the SCM muscle and IJV in the Tamil ethnolinguistic groups in South India...

Semen analysis has been used for a long time to assess male fertility due to its limitations sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), which describes the sperm DNA's condition, is an appropriate criterion for assessing male fertility. This study evaluated the pattern and value of DFI of infertile men in the South West of Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study that recruited two hundred and eighty-seven (287) patients from two fertility centers in Lagos, Nigeria. The Sperm DFI was determined using the Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) test...

Tensor fasciae suralis (TFS) is an accessory muscle of the posterior lower extremity. Although TFS has been documented in cadaveric and radiological reports, its prevalence remains unknown. The TFS variant is noteworthy to anatomists, as it may be encountered in the dissection laboratory, and clinicians, as the muscle could potentially cause confusion during physical examination or diagnostic imaging. Multiple variations of TFS have been reported in the literature, suggesting the need for a classification system...

PURPOSE: Several reviews and meta-analyses about the value of three-dimensional (3D) printing in anatomy education have been published in the last years, with variable-and sometimes confusing- outcomes. We performed a review of those reviews, in order to shed light on the results concerning the effectiveness of 3D printing in anatomy education, compared to specific traditional methods and other technologies. METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed, ERIC and Cochrane library were searched for reviews or meta-analyses with purpose to investigate the effectiveness of 3D printing in undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy education...

BACKGROUND: Myocardial bridge (MB) is described as an abnormal band of myocardium covering a variable portion of any coronary artery. METHODS: The current study explores the presence of MB throughout the coronary arterial system and provides a morphometric description through instrumented dissection of a sample of 100 human hearts. The study shows a higher prevalence of MB in the Mexican population than in previous reports. RESULTS: In the total sample (n=100), MB was identified in 96% of it...

Voice disorders are common among teachers and, in particular, anatomy teachers are exposed to a potential enemy for dysphonia, irritating chemicals, that is, formaldehyde. We seek to verify the association between: (1) teaching time, (2) type of cadaveric conservation to which the teacher is exposed and (3) hours of exposure to cadaveric preservative related to the different categories of voice disorders screening (ITDV). The sample consisted of 111 teachers who answered to 02 data collection instruments: I - Sociodemographic Data; II - ITDV...

Country-specific systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been proposed to compile the available literature and rank methods based on their performance for a target population. India is a country with a vast scientific literature on dental age estimation. This systematic review aimed to provide evidence to help the decision of experts regarding the method of choice for dental age estimation in India. The research protocol was registered in Open Science Framework. Literature Search was performed in Embase, LILACS, MedLine (via PubMed), SciELO, Scopus and Web of Science...

PURPOSE: Although musculoskeletal anatomy is inherently related to motion, there is a lack of evidence review about the best teaching practices for the locomotor apparatus functional anatomy. We aimed to detect the strategies that have been implemented for functional musculoskeletal anatomy education, and their outcomes, with the ultimate purpose of suggesting the most effective teaching methods. METHODS: The databases PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, and Cochrane Library were searched for papers with the purpose of exploring the outcomes (participants' perceptions and/or examination performance) of teaching functional musculoskeletal anatomy...

BACKGROUND: Mental rotation is a cognitive process that involves the rotation of a mental representation of an object. This ability is important for medical students in studying anatomy as this subject requires the understanding of positional relations between organs. OBJECTIVES: To find the effect of video learning of anatomy, training, gender, and type of practical exam on mental rotation ability. Also, to find correlation between mental rotation and anatomy scores...

The discipline of anatomy is one of the pillars of training in higher education courses in health area. Since its origin, this discipline has used the traditional method as an educational strategy. Since then, the discipline has undergone changes, including other teaching methods, such as active methodologies. With the COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020 and the closure of higher education institutions, the teaching of anatomy was impacted, since it was necessary to adapt the modality of face-to-face teaching to remote teaching...