RossiÄ­skii FiziologicheskiÄ­ Zhurnal Imeni I.M. Sechenova

We investigate the impacts of sharp variations in solar and geomagnetic activity (GMA) at high latitudes on the human brain bioelectrical activity by means of the empirical structure function of multi-channel EEG. Ten healthy men ages 19 to 37 took part in the study. EEG was recor- ded daily over the 25 days test period that was marked by C- and M-class solar flares and geomagnetic storm levels in the G2-G3 range. The EEG signals were used for the estimate of the mul-tivariate temporal structure function (SF) of the first order in 8-dimensional space...

Recent investigations of the new transducting function of Na+,K+-АTPase is of great interest. Na+,K+-АTPase might be a target (receptor) for cardiotonic steroids. This membrane protein switches on intracellular signaling mechanisms due to its ligand-receptor interactions with the steroids that, in turn, result in activation of intracellular cascade processes. р38 belongs to mito-gen-activated protein kinase family (MAPK). The kinase transduces signals of wide range intra-cellular signaling cascades that control proliferation, differentiation, and survival...

The study evaluated the role of protein kinase C, PI3-kinase and tyrosine kinases in the cardi-oprotective effect of the chronic continuous normobaric hypoxia (CCNH). Adaptation to CCNH was provided by placing the rats in an atmosphere with a low content of O2 (12 %) during 21 days. Anoxia-reoxygenation of isolated cardiomyocytes of intact rats caused the deaths of 16.5 % of the cells and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release of them. A similar effect on isolated cardiomyocytes of adapted rats caused the death of only 6...

Study of relationship between the biochemical characteristics of blood serum from rhesus monkeys and their social rank was carried out. Some biochemical characteristics, first of all the content of urea and creatinine, the activity of aspartateaminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were positively correlated with a relative rank of males, and negatively - with their weight. The body weight of dominant males was significantly lower than that of subordinate males. The data obtained show a significant variation in the characteristics of biochemical metabolism in subordinate and dominant males whose origin is determined by the features of feeding of high and low rank males, as well as by different level of stress experienced by the animals with different social rank...

The effect of melatonin on the correlation between the intensity of the accumulation of the oxidative-modified protein content, activity of the antioxidant enzymes and the state of proteoly-sis in the basal nuclei (the nucleus caudatus, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens, amigdaloid complex) of the brain under the conditions of acute hypoxia has been studied. Under the conditions of acute hypoxia in the basal nuclei an intensification of the protein peroxidation processes is observed, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes decreases, the intensity of the proteolysis increases...

An association was found between severity of behavioral disturbances in the offspring of rats that survived the stress, and changing spatial-temporal organization of the ECOG. The proportion of synchronous activity in the right frontal and left occipital regions with respect to the right nape, and between the frontal leads increases with the minimum deviations of behavior. The proportion of ahead activity increased in frontal leads; reduced the share of lagging and an increasing proportion of synchronous bioelectrical activity in relation to the right occipital region in case of serious disorders of behavior...

Relationship of endothelial dysfunction and obstructive pulmonary diseases is a complex and poorly understood. Vascular endothelium is a multifunctional autonomous endocrine organ. The review discusses the various functions of the endothelium, causes, mechanisms and possible markers of endothelial dysfunction. The contribution of pulmonary vessel endothelial dysfunction in the initiation and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma is considered. The existing approaches to the restoration of the structural and functional integrity of the vascular endothelium are discussed...

Identification of the natural metabolic factors that are able to normalize insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is necessary for the development of pharmacological approaches for the correction of obesity and Type II diabetes. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an atypical member of the FGF family that functions as an endocrine hormone which regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is involved in maintaining of energy homeostasis and adaptation to starvation and low temperature...

The brain melanocortin system plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism and feeding behavior and is involved in memory formation, and its abnormalities lead to metabolic disorders and cognitive deficit. The brain dopamine system controls the motor activity, the functions of the nervous, endocrine and cardiovascular systems, and is also involved in the regulation of peripheral metabolism and feeding behavior and in the formation of effect of reward and reinforcement. The fact that a large number of the important physiological functions are controlled by the melanocortin and dopamine systems indicates a close functional relationship between them in different areas of the brain...

The study of the electrical activity of the sportsmen-swimmers' heart has been carried out during ventricular repolarization under short-term acute moderate normobaric hypoxia. It was revealed that acute hypoxia leads to a significant decrease of the duration of the early ventricular repolarization immediately after hypoxic exposure, of the duration of the late repolarization - at last minutes. The structural change of ventricular repolarization of the heart of the athletes surveyed was shown based on the changes in amplitude-temporal characteristics of the extrema of the heart electric field during the ventricular repolarization of the heart upon acute hypoxic exposure...

In experiments on white rats with different thyroid status (thyroidectomy, euthyroidism, hyper- and a thyrotoxicosis) in conditions in situ the relationship between the severity of functional parameters of the tibialis anterior muscle and individual level of circulating free triiodothyronine was learnt. The latent period of muscle contraction, the average and maximum speed of its contraction were determined. A comparative quantitative analysis of the values of indicators of the contractile function of the tibialis anterior muscle in euthyroid and thyroidectomy rats allowed to evaluate the «thyroid contribution) of free triiodothyronine in the functional state of the native skeletal muscle, which formed to 15% for the latency reduction period, 12 % for the average speed of contractile act and 8% for of the maximum speed of muscle contraction...

The experiments were performed on Wistar male rats, which were subjected to continuous cold exposure (+4 °C, 4 weeks). It has been established that this exposure is not a chronic stress. It has been shown that prolonged cold impact causes cold adaptation to cold and has the infarct-limi-ting effect.

The results of our previous studies suggest that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) protects the gastric mucosa of rats against stress- and indomethacin-induced gastric injury. In the present study, we investigated whether CRF may protect gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced gastric injury on diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) 14 days before indomethacin injection. CRF (2.5 |xg/kg) and CRF receptor antagonists were injected 15 min before indomethacin. The diabetes development resulted in the aggravation of gastric mucosal erosion produced by indomethacin...

We have studied the effect of Р-endorphin (an endogenous opioid peptide) on the functional characteristics of isolated rat heart. In physiological concentrations (6.3 X 10-10 M) Р-endorphin induces a negative inotropic effect, accompanied by a slight decrease in the heart rate, and has no effect on the perfusion pressure of the coronary vessels. It is shown that the effect of Р-endorphin is mediated by 5-opioid receptors. ATP-dependent K+-channels contribute the greatest contribution to the implementation of the effect of Р-endorphin on the isolated heart of a rat...

Under a progressive growth of acute hypoxia the effect of high systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 Р (IL-1Р) were studied the reactions of the cardiorespiratory system of anesthetized Wistar rats. The results suggest a negative effect of IL-1 Р on the control mechanisms the respiratory and cardiovascular system, which was reflected in the reduction of resistance to acute hypoxia and the ability to spontaneous autoresuscitation after apnea in posthypoxic period, as well as in the development of circulatory collapse...

Functional parameters and degree of myocardial damage by ischemia-reperfusion model of isolated heart were investigated during acute experiments on rats with an antibiotic-induced intestinal dysbiosis after administration of the probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecium L3. Administration of antimicrobial drugs has resulted in an increased heart rate and in an increase in coronary flow of isolated heart. Administration of enterococci after the global ischemia has caused rats to have a decrease in diastolic pressure, increased systolic and pulse pressure, and an increased intensity of coronary flow...

We performed a comparative study of the effect of original domestic derivatives of 3-oxypyri-dine and succinic acid (emoxipine, reamberin and mexidol) on measures from «sucrose preferen-ce» test which is used for assessment of hedonic behavior in rats. а-lipoic acid (а-LA) and amit-riptylin were used as reference medications. For the modeling of anhedonia rats received dexa-methasone (5 mg/kg subcutaneously). We established that threefold administration of emoxipine, reamberin and mexidol in doses that are equivalent to therapeutic range in humans had antianhe-donic effect and increased the measures of «preference» and absolute sucrose consumption...

Introducing of urgent relearning in radial maze, consisting of one or two shifts of reward position in raw without any gap between behavioral sessions, resulted to inability of animals to use optimal navigational strategy to find preferable reward in maze while keeping responding to int-ra-maze stimuli. Procedural introducing of time-out between tested behavioral sessions, which was accompanied by sleep generated naturally or induced by injection of neuropeptide ACTH 18-39, resulted to considerable improvement of relearning in radial maze as well as reducing per-severative behavior and attempts to refuse from responding...

The review presents facts telling about the involvement of RNA of lymphocytes into regulation of proliferation and differentiation of cells in various tissues. There are considered: transport mechanisms of exogenous RNAs in cells, the role of non-coding RNAs molecules in the regulation of embryonic and postnatal morphogenesis. The long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs of T-lymphocytes are characterized, also there is made a comparative analysis of different microR-NAs expression in T cells and the regulatory effects of these molecules in reparative processes...

Nonopioid stress-induced analgesia is the consequence of activation of CB1 receptors by the increased level of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide in the periaqueductal gray matter in the midbrain. The activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors inhibits stress-induced ulcerogenesis due to the strengthening of the antioxidant defense of the gastric mucosa. CB1 receptor antagonists promote an increase in ACTH and corticosterone concentrations in the blood of intact animals, the knockout of the gene encoding the CB1 receptor exhibits the same effect...