journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37366042/a-bayesian-predictive-processing-account-of-othello-syndrome-in-parkinson-s-disease
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer A Foley, Cliff Chen, Andrew Paget, Lisa Cipolotti
Introduction: Although delusions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are rare, when they occur they frequently take the form of "Othello syndrome": the irrational belief that a spouse or partner is being unfaithful. Hitherto dismissed as either a by-product of dopamine therapy or cognitive impairment, there are still no convincing theoretical accounts to explain why only some patients fall prey to this delusion, or why it persists despite clear disconfirmatory evidence. Methods: We discuss the limitations of existing explanations of this delusion, namely hyperdopaminergia-induced anomalous perceptual experiences and cognitive impairment, before describing how Bayesian predictive processing accounts can provide a more comprehensive explanation by foregrounding the importance of prior experience and its impact upon computation of probability...
June 27, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37212543/schizophrenia-patients-perform-as-well-as-healthy-controls-on-creative-problem-solving-when-fluid-intelligence-is-accounted-for
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanna Kucwaj, Zdzisław Gajewski, Adam Chuderski
INTRODUCTION: This study examined creative problem solving in schizophrenia. We aimed to verify three hypotheses: (H1) schizophrenia patients differ from healthy controls in the accuracy of creative problem solving; (H2) schizophrenia patients are less effective at evaluating and rejecting incorrect associations and (H3) have a more idiosyncratic way of searching for semantic associations compared to controls. METHODS: Six Remote Associates Test (RAT) items and three insight problems were applied to schizophrenia patients and healthy controls...
May 22, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37170593/neuropsychiatric-features-of-parkinson-s-disease-in-the-era-prior-to-the-use-of-dopaminergic-therapies
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chengyu Zhang, Suzanne Reeves, Anthony S David, Harry Costello, Jonathan Rogers
BACKGROUND: Psychosis in Parkinson's disease includes hallucinations and delusions. Other non-psychotic neuropsychiatric features include depression, anxiety and apathy. There is currently controversy over whether psychosis in Parkinson's is an intrinsic part of the disorder or the result of dopaminergic medications. This study aimed to examine a historical cohort of individuals with Parkinson's prior to the use of dopaminergic therapy to assess the prevalence of psychotic and other neuropsychiatric features...
May 12, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37167542/linguistic-anomalies-observed-in-the-sentence-completion-test-in-patients-with-schizophrenia
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Young Tak Jo, Ji Soo Lee, Jaiyoung Park, Jungsun Lee, Yeon Ho Joo
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterised by distorted thinking, perceptions, behaviours, and even language impairments. We investigated the linguistic anomalies in Korean schizophrenia patients compared to non-psychotic psychiatric controls to determine whether the linguistic anomalies in English speakers with schizophrenia were replicated in Korean speakers. METHODS: Thirty-four schizophrenia patients and 70 non-psychotic psychiatric controls were included in this study...
May 11, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37165648/cognitive-profile-in-adult-women-with-turner-syndrome-iq-split-and-associations-with-adhd-and-asd
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hanna Björlin Avdic, Johan Lundin Kleberg, Marcus van der Poll, Louise Frisén, Matilda Hutley, Mandi Sarjanen, Ida Nordgren, Katja Ekholm, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Ann Nordgren, Charlotte Willfors
INTRODUCTION: The behavioural phenotype in Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with an uneven cognitive profile and social and executive difficulties. Still, studies in adult populations of TS are scarce, and the interactions between different behavioural domains are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive profile in relation to measures of ADHD and ASD in a Swedish sample of 30 adult women with TS. METHODS: Standardized psychological tests and questionnaires were used for behavioural assessments in a sample of adult women with a diagnosis of TS ( n  = 30)...
May 11, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37057376/-my-mind-goes-dead%C3%A2-%C3%A2-%C3%A2-i-cannot-speak-an-expression-of-dpd
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Goeta, M Mula, M Mayhew, N A Poole
INTRODUCTION: Here we present a case of Depersonalisation-Derealisation Disorder which involves an unusual environmental trigger and profile of symptoms in a patient with an underlying left frontal encephalomalacia. METHODS: The clinical information has been collected from multiple neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological examinations and from the patient's medical records. RESULTS: The neuropsychiatric assessment showed depersonalisation, derealisation, de-somatisation and de-affectualisation, along with a good response to SSRI + Lamotrigine; all typical features of DPD...
May 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924343/spontaneous-perspective-taking-and-its-relation-to-schizotypy
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark R Gardner, Tom Buchanan
INTRODUCTION: Patients with schizophrenia differ from healthy controls in the extent that they spontaneously take another's perspective. For such effects, it is difficult to separate the influence of schizophrenia from multiple potential confounders. Here, for the first time, associations between spontaneous perspective-taking and schizotypy were investigated in a nonclinical population. METHODS: Adult participants completed both a Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-BRU) and a novel online adaptation of a visual perspective-taking task that required participants to make judgements both from their own perspective and that of a human avatar...
March 16, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36786630/the-impact-of-adhd-symptom-severity-on-reinforcement-and-punishment-learning-among-adults
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie S J Morris, Joseph S Raiker, Aaron T Mattfeld, Whitney D Fosco
Introduction: Aberrations in feedback learning are hypothesised to contribute to the behavioural disruptions and impairment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, few studies have evaluated the relation of reward/punishment feedback and ADHD symptom severity on learning. The current study evaluates the differential effects of reward and punishment feedback on learning among adults with elevated ADHD. Methods: One hundred five participants self-reported their level of current ADHD symptoms and completed an innovative instrumental learning task...
February 14, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36782396/fatigue-and-its-relation-to-general-cognition-social-cognition-and-social-activity-in-multiple-sclerosis-and-stroke
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tobias Lohaus, Judith Witt, Anne Schürmeyer, Oliver T Wolf, Patrizia Thoma
INTRODUCTION: The relationship between fatigue and (socio-)cognitive deficits in neurological diseases has sparked increasing research interest in the past years. So far, findings are inconsistent. Most studies focused on general cognitive functioning in specific disorders, particularly cancer or multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This study aims to examine the relationship between fatigue, social cognition and social activity, also taking into account general cognition, more closely, including a stroke patient group ( n  = 57), a MS patient group ( n  = 31) and a healthy control group ( n  = 20)...
February 13, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36744805/loneliness-and-objective-social-isolation-are-differentially-associated-with-anomalous-perceptions-in-community-dwelling-older-adults
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
India Kelsall-Foreman, Romola S Bucks, Michael Weinborn, Johanna C Badcock
INTRODUCTION: Anomalous perceptions are characterised by the subjective experience of a range of distorted and/or hallucinatory percepts. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to the neurocognitive processes contributing to anomalous perceptions amongst older adults, less is known about the social factors (e.g. social isolation, loneliness). Furthermore, it is unknown whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with different types of anomalous perceptions, including anomalous body-centred self-experiences and anomalous external experiences...
February 6, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36724487/-ten-dollars-today-or-50-dollars-after-one-month-temporal-discounting-in-korsakoff-syndrome
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamad El Haj, Ahmed A Moustafa
OBJECTIVE: Little research has investigated decision making in patients with Korsakoff syndrome (KS). Specifically, to our knowledge, there is a lack of research investigating whether patients with KS may tend to prefer immediate over future rewards (i.e., temporal discounting). Further, we investigated the relationship between temporal discounting and inhibition. METHODS: We, for the first time, invited patients with KS and control participants to perform a temporal discounting task, in which they answered questions probing preferences between an immediate, but smaller amount of money, and a delayed, but larger amount of money (e...
February 1, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36695101/big-five-personality-factors-predict-self-rated-cognitive-reserve-a-two-wave-online-study-in-a-mexican-sample
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María Fernanda Cuéllar-García, Isabel Dager-Berecochea, Ana Patricia Villegas-Iparrea, Zuemmy Molina-Escalante, Luis Villalobos-Gallegos, Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández
Introduction: One of the main contributors to cognitive reserve (CR) is the involvement in cognitively stimulating activities (CSAs), including education, work, leisure, social and physical activities. Personality traits are plausible determinants of CR, influencing the tendency to engage in CSAs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between personality and CR, operationalised as self-rated involvement in CSAs, in a sample of individuals aged 18-50 or more. Method: We collected two-wave non-probabilistic online data throughout Mexico...
January 25, 2023: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36472235/-cinderella-was-attacked-by-the-big-bad-wolf-but-the-police-saved-her-intrusions-and-confabulations-on-story-recall-in-korsakoff-s-syndrome-and-alcohol-related-cognitive-impairments
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yvonne C M Rensen, Joukje M Oosterman, Paul A T M Eling, Roy P C Kessels
BACKGROUND: The relation between confabulations and intrusions in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) remains under debate. This study examines (1) differences in the production of confabulations and intrusions between patients with KS and ARCI, (2) whether an altered fairy tale induces more intrusions, and (3) whether different types of intrusions were significantly related to confabulations. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with KS and twenty-two patients with ARCI recalled three different types of stories: a novel story, a fairy tale, and a modified fairy tale...
December 6, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36464633/exploring-the-sociodemographic-clinical-and-neuropsychological-factors-associated-with-relational-memory-in-schizophrenia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Elisa Sousa, Jennifer D Ryan, Martin Lepage
INTRODUCTION: The Transverse Patterning (TP) task has been used to measure episodic relational memory (RM) deficits in clinical populations. Individuals with schizophrenia often fail to learn TP with standard, and sometimes extensive training. Identifying the differences between TP learners and non-learners can improve our understanding of successful TP performance and its underlying mechanisms, which may help improve interventions aimed at ameliorating RM performance. We investigated sociodemographic, clinical and neuropsychological factors associated with TP performance in schizophrenia...
December 4, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36420996/executive-functions-in-migraine-patients-a-systematic-review-with-meta-analysis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luciane Kaiser Pinotti, Anderson da Silva Castro, Gabriel Henrique de Oliveira Garcia, Pedro Henrique Pereira Alvim, Thiago Henrique Roza, Fabiana Antunes Andrade, Pedro André Kowacs, Raffael Massuda
Introduction: Migraine, a common neurological disease, is known to impact the quality of life of individuals with this condition. Methods: We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the abnormalities associated with executive functions of migraineurs as compared with healthy controls. In addition, we investigated the differences between patients with and without aura. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the systematic review and 19 in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models, with the unit of analysis as the standardised mean difference (calculated as Hedges'g)...
November 24, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36382910/a-comparative-study-of-theory-of-mind-in-taxon-like-clusters-of-psychometric-schizotypes-and-individuals-at-genetic-risk-for-schizophrenia
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margarita Alfimova, Victoria Plakunova, Vasily Kaleda, Tatyana Lezheiko, Vera Golimbet
Introduction: Clinical and family studies suggest that alterations of theory of mind (ToM) represent a marker of genetic liability to schizophrenia. Findings regarding ToM in schizotypy are less consistent. The study aimed to explore whether this might be due to an insufficient account of the heterogeneity of schizotypy in prior research and/or the fact that in psychometric schizotypy ToM alterations could manifest as subtle peculiarities rather than overt errors of mentalising. Methods: Individuals without a family history of psychosis ( n  = 150) were assigned to low, positive, negative, and high mixed schizotypy classes based on a cluster analysis of 1322 subjects who completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire...
November 16, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36112925/cotard-delusion-emotional-experience-and-depersonalisation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin Davies, Max Coltheart
INTRODUCTION: Cotard delusion-the delusional belief "I am dead"-is named after the French psychiatrist who first described it: Jules Cotard. Ramachandran and Blakeslee proposed that the idea "I am dead" comes to mind when a neuropathological condition has resulted in complete abolition of emotional responsivity to the world. The idea would arise as a putative explanation: if "I am dead" were true, there would be no emotional responsivity to the world. METHODS: We scrutinised the literature on people who expressed the delusional belief "I am dead", looking for data on whether such patients are reported as entirely lacking in emotional responsivity...
November 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35930314/subjective-cognitive-functioning-depressive-symptoms-and-objective-cognitive-functioning-in-people-with-treatment-resistant-psychosis
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniah Zumrawi, Brianne L Glazier, Olga Leonova, Mahesh Menon, Ric Procyshyn, Randall White, Robert Stowe, William G Honer, Ivan J Torres
Introduction: Relationships between subjective cognitive functioning (SCF), objective cognitive functioning (OCF), and depressive symptoms are poorly understood in treatment-resistant psychosis (TRP). This study (a) compares SCF in TRP using positively and negatively worded scales, (b) assess these scales' accuracy, and (c) explores the association between these scales and depressive symptoms. We hypothesised that both SCF scales would be highly correlated, minimally associated with OCF, and similarly associated with depressive symptoms...
November 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36254742/a-five-year-follow-up-of-the-verbal-memory-performance-of-individuals-with-bipolar-disorder-and-schizophrenia-evidence-of-unchanging-deficits-under-treatment
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leticia Sanguinetti Czepielewski, Dayane Santos Martins, Mathias Hasse-Sousa, Ramiro de Freitas Xavier Reckziegel, Clara de Olivera Lapa, Carolina Petry-Perin, Maria Julia Britto, Isadora Bosini Remus, Clarissa Severino Gama
OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are chronic and heterogeneous mental disorders that present cognitive and functional impairments. Verbal memory is considered an important predictor of functioning and a domain vulnerable to the aging process. However, only few studies investigate the progression of memory longitudinally in BD and SZ, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the course of verbal memory in individuals with BD and SZ...
October 18, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36166749/examining-associations-between-social-anhedonia-and-convergent-thinking-using-the-remote-associates-test
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Desmond J Spann, Kelsey T Straub, Jessica P Y Hua, Amelia M Pellegrini, John G Kerns
Introduction: Social anhedonia (SocAnh) predicts increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, with evidence that these disorders are associated with increased creativity. However, it is still largely unknown whether SocAnh is associated with one central aspect of creative thinking, convergent thinking. Methods: In two studies, college students with either extreme levels of SocAnh ( n  = 44 and n  = 70) or controls with an average level of SocAnh ( n  = 111 and n  = 100) completed a convergent thinking task, the Remote Associates Test, and also completed measures of current affect...
September 27, 2022: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
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