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Journals International Journal of Clini...

International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement

https://read.qxmd.com/read/24673713/cyclosporine-a-and-tacrolimus-combined-with-enteric-coated-mycophenolate-sodium-influence-the-plasma-mycophenolic-acid-concentration-a-randomised-controlled-trial-in-chinese-live-related-donor-kidney-transplant-recipients
#21
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
H F Huang, X Yao, Y Chen, W Q Xie, J Z Shen-Tu, J H Chen
OBJECTIVE: To observe the different concentrations of mycophenolic acid (MPA) during the early post-transplant phase for various combinations of cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) with enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS). METHOD: A total of 42 Chinese adults receiving live related donor kidney transplants were studied. All received a triple immunosuppressive regimen of EC-MPS, CsA/Tac and corticosteroids and were divided randomly into CsA (n = 21) and Tac (n = 21) combination groups...
April 2014: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24673712/enteric-coated-mycophenolate-sodium-an-update
#22
REVIEW
W Zhang, C Ding, S Zheng
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2014: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24238425/sore-throat-effective-communication-delivers-improved-diagnosis-enhanced-self-care-and-more-rational-use-of-antibiotics
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A W van der Velden, J Bell, A Sessa, M Duerden, A Altiner
The majority of throat infections are of viral origin and resolve without antibiotic treatment. Despite this, antibiotic use for sore throat infections remains high, partly because it is difficult to determine when antibiotics may be useful, on the basis of physical findings alone. Antibiotics may be beneficial in bacterial throat infections under certain clinical and epidemiological circumstances; however, even many of those infections in which bacteria play a role do resolve just as quickly without antibiotics...
November 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24238424/a-framework-for-the-non-antibiotic-management-of-upper-respiratory-tract-infections-towards-a-global-change-in-antibiotic-resistance
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Essack, A C Pignatari
Antibiotic resistance has become a critical health issue on a global scale, with much of the problem resulting from inappropriate use of antibiotics in primary care. To change this practice, the global respiratory infection partnership has formulated a pentagonal (five P) framework for the non-antibiotic management of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) - one of the most common conditions in primary care for which antibiotics are prescribed. The framework presents the rationale for focusing on URTIs to promote antibiotic stewardship in primary care and elaborates on five key areas to focus on to bring about change: policy, prevention, prescribers, pharmacy and patients...
November 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24238423/antibiotic-resistance-a-call-to-arms-for-primary-healthcare-providers
#25
EDITORIAL
J Oxford, R Kozlov
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23578069/combination-therapy-in-the-management-of-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension
#26
REVIEW
M S Buckley, R L Staib, L M Wicks
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease without a cure, which can lead to right heart failure and death. Over the past decades, several therapeutic advances have been developed for the management of PAH. Although these agents have demonstrated clinical safety and efficacy, some patients may require additional drug therapy due to a lack of response or disease progression. AIMS: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of various combination PAH therapies...
May 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23578068/pulmonary-hypertension-update-from-chest-2012
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Lahm
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23578067/a-look-to-the-past-present-and-future-of-pulmonary-hypertension
#28
EDITORIAL
Stephen C Mathai
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
May 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23398448/qualitative-echocardiography-parameters-for-prediction-of-pulmonary-hypertension
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T J Lange, S Baumgartner, M Arzt, M Pfeifer
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend echocardiography as the preferred screening method for pulmonary hypertension (PH). The probability of PH is primarily assessed by estimating the right ventricular systolic pressure while the value of qualitative parameters is uncertain. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of qualitative and quantitative parameters from routine echocardiography reports for PH diagnosis. METHODS: Consecutive patients with suspected PH who received right heart catheterisation and echocardiography within 2 weeks between April 2003 and September 2008 were retrospectively included...
May 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163549/a-normal-psychology-of-everyday-pain
#30
REVIEW
C Eccleston
Proposed is a psychology of pain that focusses on normal psychological reactions to pain. A normal psychology of pain seeks to explain what normal people (those who would not meet any criteria for any psychological disorder) do when faced with pain. Herein, we focus on everyday pain defined as pain that is clinically unimportant that arises from normal everyday activity. Pain functions to interrupt current concerns and promote problem solving typically in the form of escape, pain management, or request for assistance...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163548/ibuprofen-a-model-medicine-for-self-care-of-common-conditions
#31
REVIEW
T A Maguire
The expansion and development of the self-care agenda across Europe and beyond has the potential to realise huge efficiencies for national health services. Self-medication of common ailments is one of the themes being developed by community pharmacy in several European countries. In the UK, as part of this development, ibuprofen was one of the first Prescription Only Medicines switched to Pharmacy Only (P) status and, arguably, the most successful. Within 4 years of switching, ibuprofen had 25% of the over-the-counter analgesic market and was a main choice for community pharmacists when recommending treatment for mild-to-moderate pain and fever in both adults and children over 6 months (now permitted from 3 months)...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163547/gastrointestinal-safety-of-nsaids-and-over-the-counter-analgesics
#32
REVIEW
I Bjarnason
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used. It is well recognised that they may adversely cause damage throughout the gastrointestinal tract and aggravate pre-existing disease. Their side effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract can be assessed by various means; each study type has different clinical connotations. Short-term use (less than 14 days) demonstrates dose-dependent damage of prescribed NSAIDs; the damage is proportional to the acidity of the drugs and not seen with Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors that have a pKa over 7...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163546/headache-insight-understanding-treatment-and-patient-management
#33
REVIEW
H-C Diener
Tension-type headache and migraine are the most frequent primary headaches. Diagnosis is based on the patient's history and a normal neurological examination. Most patients with these two headache entities treat headache episodes with over-the-counter analgesics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There is good scientific evidence from randomised, placebo-controlled trials indicating that aspirin, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and naproxen are effective in tension-type and migraine headache...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163545/optimising-the-management-of-fever-and-pain-in-children
#34
REVIEW
J N van den Anker
Fever and pain in children, especially associated with infections, such as otitis media, are very common. In paediatric populations, ibuprofen and paracetamol (acetaminophen) are both commonly used over-the-counter medicines for the management of fever or mild-to-moderate pain associated with sore throat, otitis media, toothache, earache and headache. Widespread use of ibuprofen and paracetamol has shown that they are both effective and generally well tolerated in the reduction in paediatric fever and pain...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163544/efficacy-of-otc-analgesics
#35
REVIEW
R A Moore, C Derry
For many 'over-the-counter' (OTC) analgesics, there is little information available about their relative efficacy. We have examined information available in a series of Cochrane reviews of single doses of analgesic drugs in acute pain and migraine for its relevance for analgesic products commonly available without prescription, at doses generally equivalent to two tablets. Pain following third molar extraction was used as a homogeneous acute pain model; with the outcome of at least 50% maximum pain relief over 6 h...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163543/ibuprofen-from-invention-to-an-otc-therapeutic-mainstay
#36
REVIEW
K D Rainsford
The discovery of ibuprofen's anti-inflammatory activity by Dr (now Professor) Stewart Adams and colleagues (Boots Pure Chemical Company Ltd, Nottingham, UK) 50 years ago represented a milestone in the development of anti-inflammatory analgesics. Subsequent clinical studies were the basis for ibuprofen being widely accepted for treating painful conditions at high anti-rheumatic doses (≤ 2400 mg/d), with lower doses (≤ 1200 mg/d for ≤ 10 days) for mild-moderate acute pain (e.g. dental pain, headache, dysmenorrhoea, respiratory symptoms and acute injury)...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163542/ibuprofen-blood-plasma-levels-and-onset-of-analgesia
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D R Mehlisch, J Sykes
BACKGROUND:   Ibuprofen is widely available as an over-the-counter treatment for pain and fever. New formulations are now available, with varying pharmacokinetic profiles. However, few studies have been specifically designed to examine the relationship between ibuprofen plasma levels and onset of analgesia. This study aimed to determine a value, or range of values, for the blood plasma level of ibuprofen at which onset of analgesia could be expected. METHODS:   Placebo-controlled clinical trials, investigating the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen 200 mg and 400 mg, were identified...
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23163541/fifty-years-of-ibuprofen-advancing-pain-and-fever-management
#38
EDITORIAL
K D Rainsford
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 2013: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22943514/determinants-of-pulmonary-hypertension-in-young-adults
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maya Guglin, Swathy Kolli, Ren Chen
BACKGROUND: Risk factors of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of PH in young adults. METHODS: We analysed a limited access dataset from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study provided by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Pulmonary arterial pressure was assessed by the Doppler pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT). Socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported clinical variables, echocardiographic variables, pulmonary function tests, systemic blood pressure and body mass index calculated from height and weight were used in multivariate analysis...
October 2012: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22943513/clinical-implications-of-haemoptysis-in-patients-with-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jose Cantu, Degang Wang, Zeenat Safdar
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disabling disease that may result in haemoptysis. Patients with congenital heart disease associated PAH (CHD-APAH) may have a survival advantage when compared with patients with other types of PAH presenting with haemoptysis. The effects of aetiology and subsequent management choice of haemoptysis in PAH patients is not well-defined. METHODS: We conducted outcome analysis in CHD-APAH vs. all other subtypes of PAH patients presenting with haemoptysis to The Methodist Hospital...
October 2012: International Journal of Clinical Practice. Supplement
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