Pathology Oncology Research : POR

Objectives: Pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma accounts for 2%-7% of pancreatic carcinomas. We aimed to investigate the pathological and genetic characteristics of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells and the key points of treatment. Methods: The clinical data and follow-up results of four patients diagnosed with pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells between May 2015 and May 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed...

Objectives: We aimed to explore reasonable lymph node classification strategies for left-sided colon cancer (LCC) patients. Methods: 48,425 LCC patients from 2010 to 2015 were identified in the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. We proposed an innovative revised nodal (rN) staging of the 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor/Node/Metastasis (TNM) classification based on the cut-off value of retrieved lymph nodes and survival analyses in patients with LCC. Log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) stage is a numerical classification strategy obtained by a formula that incorporates the numbers of retrieved and positive lymph nodes...

Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with cancer cell metastasis. Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignancies in the world, and its metastasis leading to poor prognosis remains a challenge for clinicians. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of EMT-related genes (EMTRGs) by bioinformatics analysis and to develop a new EMTRGs prognostic signature for COAD. Methods: The TCGA-COAD dataset was downloaded from the TCGA portal as the training cohort, and the GSE17538 and GSE29621 datasets were obtained from the GEO database as the validation cohort...

Objectives: To evaluate the expression of emerging immune targets in the tumor-infiltrating immunocytes (TIIs) of human gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) specimens, and to analyze the correlation between the expression patterns and prognosis of GTN patients. Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2017, patients who were diagnosed histologically with GTN were included in this study. The expression densities of LAG-3, TIM-3, GAL-9, PD-1, CD68, CD8, and FOXP3 in the TIIs were assessed independently by two pathologists blinded to clinical outcomes...

We report a rare case of urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the renal pelvis with trophoblastic differentiation that occurred in a 55-year-old male patient. The patient presented with gross hematuria and paroxysmal lumbago pain 5 months ago. The enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a large space occupying lesion in the left kidney and multiple retroperitoneal lymph node enlargements. Histologically, high-grade infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) contained giant cells which were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG)...

Growing evidence propagates those alternative technologies (relevant human cell-based-e.g., organ-on-chips or biofabricated models-or artificial intelligence-combined technologies) that could help in vitro test and predict human response and toxicity in medical research more accurately. In vitro disease model developments have great efforts to create and serve the need of reducing and replacing animal experiments and establishing human cell-based in vitro test systems for research use, innovations, and drug tests...

Background: Few overlaps between prognostic biomarkers are observed among different independently performed genomic studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). One of the reasons for this is the insufficient cohort size. How many cases are needed to prognostic genes analysis in ESCC? Methods: Here, based on 387 stage II/III ESCC cases analyzed by whole-genome sequencing from one single center, effects of cohort size on prognostic genes analysis were investigated. Prognostic genes analysis was performed in 100 replicates at each cohort size level using a random resampling method...

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most pernicious gastrointestinal tumors with extraordinarily high incidence and mortality. Ubiquitination modification of cellular signaling proteins has been shown to play important roles in GC tumorigenesis, progression, and prognosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase is the crucial enzyme in the ubiquitination reaction and determines the specificity of ubiquitination substrates, and thus, the cellular effects. The HECT E3 ligases are the second largest E3 ubiquitin ligase family characterized by containing a HECT domain that has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity...

Aims: We present a 5-case series of low-grade oncocytic tumour of the kidney to further discuss their clinicopathological characteristics. Methods and results: Five patients were included in this study. There were three females and two males aged 45-66 years, with a median age of 65 years. Four tumours were located in the right kidney, and one was located in the left kidney. Most of the tumour sections were yellow-brown in colour. Tumour sizes ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 cm, with a median size of 3 cm...

Background: Gastric adenosquamous carcinoma with EBV-positive component of squamous cell carcinoma mixed with gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma are extremely unusual variants of gastric carcinoma. We herein reported such a case and summarized five related cases that have been reported previously. Case presentation: A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with upper abdominal discomfort and acid reflux. Gastric endoscopic examination revealed an irregular ulcer in the gastric angle. Biopsy of the lesion revealed adenocarcinoma...

The outcomes of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) vary widely, and about 40% of them could not be cured by the standard first-line treatment, R-CHOP, which could be due to the high heterogeneity of DLBCL. Here, we aim to construct a prognostic model based on the genetic signature of metabolic heterogeneity of DLBCL to explore therapeutic strategies for DLBCL patients. Clinical and transcriptomic data of one training and four validation cohorts of DLBCL were obtained from the GEO database. Metabolic subtypes were identified by PAM clustering of 1,916 metabolic genes in the 7 major metabolic pathways in the training cohort...

Accurate testing for epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ) variants is essential for informing treatment decisions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Automated diagnostic workflows may allow more streamlined initiation of targeted treatments, where appropriate, while comprehensive variant analysis is ongoing. FACILITATE, a real-world, prospective, multicenter, European study, evaluated performance and analytical turnaround time of the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Test compared with local reference methods...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610383.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610638.].

Several reports indicate that apelin is often over-expressed in tumors, and therefore it has been suggested that the apelin-apelin receptor (APJ) system may induce tumor progression. In contrast, our previous research revealed high expression of the apelin-APJ system in tumor blood vessels, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of tumor vessel formation and normalization, resulting in the suppression of tumor growth by promoting the infiltration of T cells. Thus, the effect of the apelin-APJ system on tumors remains controversial...

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to play vital roles in tumorigenesis. LncRNA MYU has recently been reported as an oncogene in several kinds of tumors. However, MYU's expression status and potential involvement in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear. In this study, we explored the underlying role of MYU in OC. Methods and results: The expression of MYU was upregulated in OC tissues, and MYU's overexpression was significantly correlated with the FIGO stage and lymphatic metastasis...

Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is a promising target antigen for cancer immunotherapy. However, WT1 protein expression and its clinical correlation in multiple myeloma (MM) patients are still limited. We, therefore, investigated WT1 expression in 142 bone marrow and plasmacytoma samples of MM patients at different stages of the disease by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between WT1 expression and clinical parameters or treatment outcomes were evaluated. The overall positive rate of WT1 expression was 91.5%; this high prevalence was found in both bone marrow and plasmacytoma samples, regardless of the disease status...

Hypoxia is an important tumor feature and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of cell response to hypoxia. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) promotes cancer cell survival in retinoblastoma (RB), with the underlying mechanism remaining elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of MDM2 and its relation to HIF-1α in RB. Expression analysis on primary human RB samples showed that MDM2 expression was positively correlated with that of HIF-1α while negatively correlated with von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), the regulator of HIF-1α...

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the global malignant tumors with high incidence and poor prognosis. Exploring new GC molecular markers is important to improve GC prognosis. Transmembrane protein 200A (TMEM200A) is a member of the family of transmembrane proteins (TMEM). This study is the first to investigate the potential function of TMEM200A and its relationship with immune infiltration in GC. Methods: The differential expression of TMEM200A was determined through the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases...

NOP56 is a highly conserved nucleolar protein. Amplification of the intron GGCCTG hexanucleotide repeat sequence of the NOP56 gene results in spinal cerebellar ataxia type 36 (SCA36). NOP56 contains an N-terminal domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal domain. Nucleolar protein NOP56 is significantly abnormally expressed in a number of malignant tumors, and its mechanism is different in different tumors, but its regulatory mechanism in most tumors has not been fully explored. NOP56 promotes tumorigenesis in some cancers and inhibits tumorigenesis in others...