Nephrology

A male aged in his mid-60s was diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis after a left nephrectomy for a renal mass that was detected during the investigation of weight loss and drenching night sweats. Past medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus, transient ischaemic attack, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidaemia, osteoarthritis and active smoking. Three years after the initial diagnosis, the patient represented with abdominal pain. CT imaging demonstrated new pulmonary and pancreatic lesions, which were histologically confirmed to be xanthogranulomatous disease...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: Despite global efforts in public health campaigns concerning chronic kidney disease (CKD), awareness of the condition remains low. We evaluated CKD awareness and related factors to identify an effective way to raise awareness. METHODS: This study assessed laboratory-confirmed CKD and self-reported CKD using a population-based cohort (baseline from 2012 to 2014, age ≥40 years) in Niigata, Japan. Self-reported CKD was obtained at a 5-year follow-up survey and laboratory-confirmed CKD was diagnosed when an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource use (HCRU) for patients in Japan with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and anaemia. METHODS: This retrospective, longitudinal, epidemiological database extraction study used the JMDC Claims Database, comprising ~9.4 million unique beneficiaries. The observation period for anaemia and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)/iron treatment was 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018, and for HCRU and costs was 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2018...

AIM: Earlier studies reported that peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients gained fat mass after initiating dialysis. Clinical practice and demographics have changed over time with earlier initiation of dialysis and increasing numbers of elderly, co-morbid patients. As such, we wished to review changes in body composition with dialysis. METHODS: Changes in body composition were compared by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 151 adult PD patients, 81 males (54.6%), 50 diabetic (30...

Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of SGLT-2 inhibitors in reducing the risks of cardiovascular and renal events in both patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consequently, many international guidelines have begun advocating for the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors for the purpose of organ protection rather than as simply a glucose-lowering agent. However, despite the consistent clinical benefits and available strong guideline recommendations, the utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors have been unexpectedly low in many countries, a trend which is much more noticeable in low resource settings...

AIM: Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass and muscle strength, and its frequency increases in kidney patients. However, sarcopenia frequency in patients with glomerulonephritis is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of sarcopenia in patients with glomerulonephritis and compare the results with the healthy population for the first time in the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 110 participants, including 70 patients previously diagnosed with glomerulonephritis and 40 healthy individuals, were included in the study...

AIM: Patients with chronic kidney disease are not aware of the illness because of its asymptomatic nature, but the association of disease progression and awareness in general population has not been sufficiently analysed on a large scale. METHODS: We analysed the nationwide annual specific health checkup covering more than a half of the overall population at aged 40-74 in Japan, approximately 29.4 million people as of 2018, in combination with parameters to represent regional characteristics...

Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are mostly caused by dysfunctions in single genes encoding for proteins with a prominent role in the regulation of innate immunity, such as complement factors, inflammasome components, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and proteins belonging to type I-interferon (IFN) signalling pathways. Due to the deposition of amyloid A (AA) fibrils in the glomeruli, unprovoked inflammation in AIDs frequently affects renal health. In fact, secondary AA amyloidosis is the most common form of amyloidosis in children...

AIM: CHA2 DS2 -VASc and modified-CHADS2 score can easily estimate the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation. Study's purpose was to evaluate these in haemodialysis patients, and assess the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: The scores calculated in 237 haemodialysis patients, 121 diabetics (58 females) and 116 non-diabetics (41 females). Results correlated to cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, mortality)...

BACKGROUND: Although the number of elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased, few studies have examined their prognosis. METHODS: The study design was a retrospective cohort study at a single centre. We evaluated 301 patients aged ≥75 years old with CKD stage G3a to G5. The primary endpoint was kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) and secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and annual decline rates of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)...

AIM: Urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) has potential utility as an early prognostic biomarker ahead of traditional severity scores in coronavirus disease 2019 and sepsis, however, the mechanism of elevated urinary L-FABP in the disease has not been clearly elucidated. We investigated the background mechanisms of urinary L-FABP excretion through non-clinical animal model focusing on histone, which is one of the aggravating factors in these infectious diseases. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in central intravenous catheters, and these rats were given a continuous intravenous infusion of 0...

AIMS: Predicting progression to kidney failure for patients with chronic kidney disease is essential for patient and clinicians' management decisions, patient prognosis, and service planning. The Tangri et al Kidney Failure Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to predict the outcome of kidney failure. The KFRE has not been independently validated in an Australian Cohort. METHODS: Using data linkage of the Tasmanian Chronic Kidney Disease study (CKD.TASlink) and the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA), we externally validated the KFRE...

AIM: Inflammation and apoptosis are main pathological processes that lead to the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). This study aims to explore whether baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BAI) can relieve the damage through PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signal pathway and provide more reliable and precise evidence for the treatment of HN. METHODS: HN mice were induced by yeast extract with potassium oxonate (PO), and HK-2 cells were induced by monosodium urate (MSU)...

AIM: Calciphylaxis is a rare disease, predominantly in chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Data from the Chinese population have been an invaluable resource for a better understanding of natural history, optimal treatments and outcomes of calciphylaxis. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 51 Chinese patients diagnosed with calciphylaxis at Zhong Da Hospital affiliated to Southeast University from December 2015 to September 2020...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is protracted and episodic surges from viral variants continue to place significant strain on healthcare systems. COVID-19 vaccines, antiviral therapy and monoclonal antibodies have significantly reduced COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. Concurrently, telemedicine has gained acceptance as a model of care and a tool for remote monitoring. These advances allow us to safely transit our inpatient-based care for COVID-19 infected kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) to a hospital-at-home (HaH) model of care...

AIM: Standard haemodialysis (sHD) is associated with a poor survival and marked adverse intradialytic patient-reported outcome measures (ID-PROMs). Whereas physical ID-PROMs (PID-PROMs) are alleviated by cool dialysate (cHD), survival is prolonged by haemodiafiltration (HDF). So far, PID-PROMs are not prospectively compared between HD and HDF. METHODS: To assess whether PID-PROMs and thermal perception differ between sHD, cHD, low volume HDF (lvHDF) and high volume HDF (hvHDF), 40 patients were cross-over randomized to each modality for 2 weeks...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.