International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID

OBJECTIVES: Crusted scabies (CS, Norwegian scabies) is a severe form of scabies, characterised by hyper-infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei mites. CS is commonly associated with immunosuppression but is also reported in overtly immunocompetent individuals. We reviewed immunosuppressive risk factors and comorbidities associated with CS. METHODS: The National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database was reviewed for patient case reports of CS from January 1998 to July 2023...

OBJECTIVES: Infections are one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality, and maternal colonization has been associated with neonatal infection. In this study, we sought to quantify carriage prevalence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL) -producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) among pregnant women and their neonates and to characterize risk factors for carriage in a rural Amhara, Ethiopia. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study nested in the Birhan field site...

OBJECTIVES: To ascertain whether infective endocarditis (IE) was associated with persistent bacteraemia/candidaemia among patients with suspected IE. METHODS: This study included bacteraemic/candidaemic adult patients with echocardiography and follow-up blood cultures. Persistent bacteraemia/candidaemia was defined as continued positive blood cultures with the same microorganism for 48h or more after antibiotic treatment initiation. Each case was classified for IE by the Endocarditis Team...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze viral load (VL) using Cycle threshold (Ct) in patients infected with influenza A(H3N2). METHODS: This prospective study was conducted during the 2022-2023 influenza season in sentinel, non-sentinel and hospitalized patients of Castilla y León (Spain). Respiratory samples were obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs and analyzed by qRT-PCR specific for influenza A(H3N2) to obtain the Ct value. RESULTS: A total of 1,047 individuals were enrolled (174[16...

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of molnupiravir and favipiravir in outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at risk of severe COVID-19. METHODS: In an open-label, parallel-group, multicenter trial in Thailand, participants with moderate COVID-19 and at least one factor associated with severe COVID-19 were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive oral molnupiravir or oral favipiravir (standard of care). Phone calls for remote symptom assessment were made on Days 6, 15 and 29...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and economic outcomes in adults hospitalized with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-invasive all-cause pneumonia (ACP) overall and by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status. METHODS: Hospitalized adults from the BD Insights Research Database with an ICD10 code for IPD, non-invasive ACP or a positive Streptococcus pneumoniae culture/urine antigen test were included. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate outcomes (in-hospital mortality, length of stay [LOS], cost per admission, and hospital margin [costs - payments])...

OBJECTIVE: De-escalation (DES) from echinocandins to azoles is recommended by several medical societies in Candida infections. We summarize the evidence of DES on clinical and microbiological cure and 30-day survival and compare it with continuing the treatment with echinocandins (Non-DES). METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus. Studies describing DES in inpatients and reporting any of the outcomes evaluated were included. Pooled estimates of the tree outcomes were calculated with a fixed or random-effects model...

BACKGROUND: HTLV-1 infection is endemic in many countries of Central and South America & Caribbean (CSA&C). Neither screening nor surveillance programs exist for HTLV-1/2 infection among pregnant women in this region. Neither in Western nations with large migrant flows from HTLV-1/2 endemic regions. METHODS: Systematic review and meta‑analysis of the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection among CSA&C pregnant women. We included studies searching EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web-of-Science from inception to February 15th 2023...

BACKGROUND: Fungal bloodstream infection (fBSI) following pediatric liver transplantation present a significant challenge; however, there remains a paucity of guidance regarding antifungal prophylaxis in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal antifungal prophylaxis and propose a desirable strategy. METHODS: We enrolled 604 pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation between 2020 and 2023, including 242 patients with empirical prophylaxis and 362 patients with universal prophylaxis...

Yellow fever (YF) is a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever that can be prevented with the 17D live attenuated YF vaccine. However, this vaccination can cause severe adverse reactions including vaccine-associated YF. Here, we describe the case of a 32-year-old female who was permanently immunosuppressed with an anti-CD20 antibody due to multiple sclerosis. Following YF vaccination, the patient developed, a variety of symptoms such as febrile temperatures, muscle and joint pain, headaches, and dysuria...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections in the general population consulting for routine STIs in our Marseille public hospital. In fact, recent worldwide MPXV outbreak, mainly impacted men who have sex with men (MSM) and the prevalence of MPXV infections in the general population remains poorly defined. METHODS: All samples addressed routinely to our microbiological laboratory for STIs between 1 July and 15 October 2022 were screened with MPXV-specific qPCR...

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to estimate the causal effects of oral antivirals and vaccinations in prevention against all-cause mortality and progression to severe COVID-19 in an integrative setting with both antivirals and vaccinations considered as interventions. METHODS: We identified hospitalized adult patients (i.e., aged 18 or above) in Hong Kong with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 16th , 2022 and December 31st , 2022. An inverse probability weighted (IPW) Andersen-Gill model with time-dependent predictors was used to address immortal time bias and produce causal estimates for the protection effects of oral antivirals and vaccinations against severe COVID-19...

An mpox outbreak was declared in July 2022 by the world health organization (WHO). It causes a mild self-limiting disease however; in immunosuppressed hosts, it tends to cause severe disseminated infection. Most cases of mpox in sold organ transplant (SOT) recipients reported in the literature were treated with Tecovirimat. Here we report two cases of severe disseminated mpox infection in renal transplant recipients that were successfully treated with Brincidofovir. Both patients were discharged from the hospital with no immediate significant side effects from Brincidofovir reported until the submission of this report...

OBJECTIVES: Despite high global vaccination coverage, it remains unclear how vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies affect immune responses and inflammation levels in patients with COVID-19. It is further unclear whether the inflammatory response differs depending on antibody levels and whether the combination of antibody and inflammation levels in COVID-19 patients affects mortality rates. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study that included 1031 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from five hospitals...

Tropical infectious diseases inflict an unacceptable burden of disease on humans living in developing countries. While anti-pathogenic drugs have been widely used, they carry a constant threat of selecting for resistance. Vaccines offer a promising means by which to enhance the global control of tropical infectious diseases, but these have been difficult to develop, mostly due to the complex nature of the pathogen lifecycles. Here, we present recently developed vaccine candidates for five tropical infectious diseases in the form of a catalogue, that have either entered clinical trials or have been licenced for use...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the diversity and dynamics of Plasmodium infection in serially collected samples from asymptomatic participants of a clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety of ivermectin in Gabon. We checked whether the baseline sample reflected P. falciparum genotype and Plasmodium species diversity seen over seven days of follow-up. METHODS: Blood samples were collected at inclusion, every 8 hours until hour 72, daily until day seven, and on day 14...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: A 15-month longitudinal study was conducted to determine the duration and infectivity of asymptomatic qPCR-detected P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in Ethiopia. METHOD: Total parasite and gametocyte kinetics were determined by molecular methods; infectivity to Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes by repeated membrane feeding assays. Infectivity results were contrasted with passively recruited symptomatic malaria cases. RESULTS: For P...

OBJECTIVES: To examine prevalence and risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in a paediatric population. METHODS: The study included patients aged 5-17 years with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between 1 March 2021 and 30 April 2022 and matched non-infected controls from Yao City, Japan. We compared parent-reported symptoms persisting ≥2 months (present at 3 months post-infection for patients) between the groups...