International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the association of TNIP1 polymorphisms with the symptomatic human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) infection and bronchiolitis in infants. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted involving 129 hospitalized infants with symptomatic HRSV infection (case group) and 161 healthy infants (control group) in South Africa (2016-2018). Six TNIP1 polymorphisms (rs869976, rs4958881, rs73272842, rs3792783, rs17728338, and rs999011) were genotyped...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Botulism is a rare syndrome characterized by acute, flaccid paralysis with possible involvement of respiratory muscle-producing pump failure requiring mechanical ventilation. A predominance of autonomic involvement can occur. METHODS: We enrolled patients affected by foodborne botulism during an outbreak. All patients underwent the detection of the toxin in stool specimens, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). A blinded expert operator analyzed ABPM data for the diagnosis of hypertension and post-prandial hypotension (PPH)...

OBJECTIVES: To study whether people living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of in-hospital COVID-19 mortality compared to general population (GenPop). METHODS: Retrospective study in 19 Italian centres (Feb2020-Nov2022) including hospitalized PLWH and GenPop with SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN OUTCOME: in-hospital mortality. Competing risk analyses by Fine-Gray regression model were used to estimate the association between in-hospital mortality and HIV-status/age...

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infection ("Covid-19") and the hypoxemia that has attended some cases, may predispose to rhabdomyolysis. We sought to identify reported cases of Covid-19-associated rhabdomyolysis, examining concurrent risk factors (RFs) and mortality outcomes. METHODS & MATERIALS: We searched PubMed for articles conveying individual-level information on Covid-19-associated rhabdomyolysis, published between January 2020 and July 2022, with an English language abstract...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine if starting ART in the first 30 days after acquiring HIV infection has an impact on immunovirological response. METHODS: Observational, ambispective study including 147 patients with confirmed acute HIV infection (January/1995-August/2022). ART was defined as very early (<30 days after the estimated date of infection), early (30-180 days) and late (>180 days). We compared time to viral suppression (viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL) and immune recovery (IR) (CD4+/CD8+ ratio >1) according to the timing and type of ART using survival analysis...

We present the clinical course of a 72-year-old female with COVID-19 and a past history of hematological stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. We performed serial analyses of viral load and whole-genome amplification. The virus growth was evaluated by a real-time PCR assay. Neutralizing activity was measured using a chemiluminescence reduction neutralizing test of SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus. After neutralizing antibody therapy, the Ct value of viral genome was 28. Viruses was no longer isolated in a cell culture...

PURPOSE: The current study investigates the diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 based on clinical symptoms, and corresponding difference between the delta- and omicron-dominant periods, using data collected at PCR centres in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. METHODOLOGY: Data was collected using a J-SPEED-style COVID-19 standard data collection form. The analysis was done in two directions: calculating the likelihood ratio that clinical symptoms will manifest in "infected" versus "non-infected" individuals and calculating the diagnostic odds ratio of infection for those who have symptoms compared to those without symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Vaccination protects against severe COVID-19 manifestations. For those with post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) or long COVID, the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the evolution of symptoms, immune responses and viral persistence is unclear. METHODS: In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated the number of PCC symptoms, affected organ systems and psychological well-being scores before, and after patients with PCC received COVID-19 vaccination...

OBJECTIVES: We assessed short-, medium-, and long-term all-cause mortality risks after a primary SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A national, matched, retrospective cohort study was conducted in Qatar to assess risk of all-cause mortality in the national SARS-CoV-2 primary-infection cohort compared with the national infection-naïve cohort. Associations were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Analyses were stratified by vaccination status and clinical vulnerability status...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the preventive effect of intraarticularly administered vancomycin on acute postoperative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent unilateral primary TJA were prospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into vancomycin group and control group according to whether 1g of vancomycin powder suspended in 30ml normal saline was intraarticularly administered after arthrotomy closure...

OBJECTIVES: Many countries introduced rubella-containing vaccination (RCV) after 2011, following changes in recommended World Health Organization (WHO) vaccination strategies and external support. We evaluated the impact of these introductions. METHODS: We estimated the country-specific, region-specific and global Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) incidence during 1996-2019 using mathematical modelling, including routine and campaign vaccination coverage and seroprevalence data...

BACKGROUND:  Understanding the immune response in very mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 is crucial for developing effective vaccines and immunotherapies, yet remains poorly characterised. OBJECTIVE:  This longitudinal study examined the evolution of IFN-γ responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides in 109 asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic Ugandan COVID-19 patients across 365 days and explored their association with antibody generation. METHODS:  T-cell responses to spike-containing CD4-S and CD8 nCoV-A (CD8-A) megapools, and the non-spike CD4-R and CD8 nCoV-B (CD8-B) megapools, were assessed and correlated with demographic and temporal variables...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the incidence of influenza among admissions to the cardiac-intensive care unit (C-ICU), accuracy of clinical suspicion, and influenza vaccination uptake. We evaluated the incidence of influenza at C-ICU admission during the influenza season, potential underdiagnosis, and vaccination uptake. METHODS: Prospective study at five C-ICUs during the 2017-2020 influenza seasons. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected at admission from patients who consented (n=788)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in the middle ear fluid (MEF) of COVID-19 patients who have otitis media with effusion (OME). METHODS: A case-control study was designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 and six other common respiratory viruses (influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), and mycoplasma pneumonia) by PCR in the MEF of patients with OME. Follow-up tests, including pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry, were conducted...

We report the isolation of a rare Gram-positive coccobacillary bacterium from synovial fluids of a patient with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) on three occasions over an eight-month period. As routine microbiological methods were not able to identify the isolate definitely, sequence analyses of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and whole genome were performed. Analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed the highest similarity (98.1%) with that of Falsarthrobacter (previously known as Arthrobacter) nasiphocae, which was first isolated from the nasal cavities of common seals (Phoca vitulina)...

INTRODUCTION: Consequences of COVID-19 on olfactory functions remained unclear during the pandemic. We assessed the efficacy of local budesonide in addition to olfactory rehabilitation when managing non-severe COVID-19 patients with persistent hyposmia. METHODS: A multicentric, randomized, superiority trial was conducted (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04361474). The experimental group (EG) received budesonide and physiological saline nasal irrigations administered via three syringes of 20 mL in each nasal cavity in the morning and evening for 30 days...

BACKGROUND: Interpreting rRT-PCR results for human avian influenza A virus (AIV) detection in contaminated settings like live bird markets (LBMs) without serology or viral culture poses a challenge. METHODS: During February-March 2012 and November 2012-February 2013, we screened workers at nine LBMs in Dhaka, Bangladesh to confirm molecular detections of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens with serology. We tested nasopharyngeal (NP) and throat swabs from workers with influenza-like-illness (ILI) and NP, throat, and arm swabs from asymptomatic workers for influenza virus by rRT-PCR and sera for seroconversion and antibodies against HPAI A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses...

OBJECTIVES: We conducted molecular characterization, demonstrated the geographical distribution of Zika virus (ZIKV) circulating worldwide from 1947 to 2022 and explored the potential genetic recombination site in the Thailand ZIKV genomes. METHODS: We constructed phylogenetic trees based on ZIKV coding sequences (CDS) and determined the geographical distribution of the representative viruses by genetic relationship and timeline. We determined genetic recombination among ZIKV and between ZIKV and other flaviviruses using similarity plot and bootscan analyzes, together with the phylogeny encompassing the CDS and eight subgenomic regions...