Current Pharmaceutical Design

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The high levels of antibiotic resistance registered worldwide have become a serious health problem, threatening the currently available treatments for a serious of infection diseases. With antibiotics becoming less and less effective, it is becoming increasingly difficult and, in some cases, impossible to treat patients with even common infectious diseases, such as pneumonia. The inability to meet the ever-increasing demand to control microbial infection requires both the search for new antimicrobials and improved site-specific delivery...

With a prevalence rate of 6.6 per 100,000 women, ovarian cancer is the third most lethal gynecological tumor in the world. Several factors like family history, nulliparity, late menopause, genetic mutation, and an unhealthy lifestyle contribute to increasing the risk of ovarian cancer development. Novel research studies suggest that ovarian cancer may be caused by changes in the lipid metabolic profile that trigger inflammatory responses. Moreover, ovarian cancer patients will eventually experience chemoresistance...

The poor water solubility of numerous novel drug candidates presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of oral delivery. This limitation can result in various undesirable clinical implications, such as inter-patient variability, poor bioavailability, difficulties in achieving a safe therapeutic index, increased costs, and potential risks of toxicity or inefficacy. Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drugs face particular hurdles due to their limited solubility in the aqueous media of the gastrointestinal tract...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has increased in incidence and prevalence. Qingzaojiufei decoction (QD) is a herbal formula that is used for the treatment of PF. OBJECTIVE: In this research, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to explore the major chemical components and potential mechanisms of QD in the treatment of PF. METHODS: The principal components and corresponding protein targets of QD were used to screen on Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) and high-throughput experiment-and reference-guided database (HERB), Cytoscape 3...

BACKGROUND: Research proved that coenzyme Q10-loaded NLC effectively removes skin wrinkles, therefore, such a formulation with good characteristics is still the research goal. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of solid lipids and surfactant type on the physical characteristics of Q10-NLC. We aimed to achieve the optimum formulation for producing NLC with long-term stability and high Entrapment efficiency (E.E.) %. We compared the experimental results with the output of the Molecular dynamic (M...

INTRODUCTION: Extensively and multi-drug resistant isolates of bacteria (MDR, XDR) have caused significant health problems and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality as well. In this critical condition, the discovery, design, or development of new antibiotics is of great concern. According to this necessity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) suggested as promising agents. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the GKY25 peptide to develop its future antibacterial applications as well as confirmation of LPS neutralization...

Sepsis is a syndrome involving complex pathophysiological and biochemical dysregulation. Nanotechnology can improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to further reduce the risk of sepsis. Macrophages play a key role in the progression of sepsis, thus, macrophage-associated pathological processes are important targets for both diagnostic and treatment of sepsis. In this paper, we reviewed efforts in the past decade of nanotechnologybased solutions for manipulate macrophages in sepsis diagnosis and management according to the type of nanomaterial...

BACKGROUND: The IL-17 (interleukin 17) family consists of six structurally related pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely IL-17A to IL-17F. These cytokines have garnered significant scientific interest due to their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Notably, a specific subset of T-cells expresses IL-17 family members, highlighting their importance in immune responses against microbial infections. INTRODUCTION: IL-17 cytokines play a critical role in host defense mechanisms by inducing cytokines and chemokines, recruiting neutrophils, modifying T-cell differentiation, and stimulating the production of antimicrobial proteins...

Due to the high mortality rate of COVID-19 and its high variability and mutability, it is essential to know the body's defense mechanisms against this virus. Saliva has numerous functions, such as digestion, protection, and antimicrobial effects. Salivary diagnostic tests for many oral and systemic diseases will be available soon because saliva is a pool of biological markers. The most important antiviral and antibacterial compounds identified in saliva include lysozyme, lactoferrin (LF), mucins, cathelicidin, salivary secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA), chromogranin A, cathelicidin, salivary agglutinin (SAG) (gp340, DMBT1), α, β defensins, cystatin, histatins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), heat shock protein (HSP), adrenomedullin and microRNA (miRNAs)...

BACKGROUND: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a subtype of lung cancer with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Previous studies show that some components of the cholinergic pathway may play important roles in the tumorigenesis of lung cancer, including LUSC. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the involvement of cholinergic genes in immune infiltration in LUSC, and identify the key genes in the pathway and analyze their potential as targets for LUSC treatment and novel drugs...

Human health is significantly threatened by infectious diseases caused by viral infection. Over the years, there have been numerous virus epidemics worldwide, causing millions of deaths. Traditional antiviral medications have many problems, including poor solubility and antiviral resistance. Additionally, because different drug delivery methods have different biological barriers to overcome, the drug's bioavailability will be significantly affected. Therefore, it is essential that researchers create more effective antiviral drugs...

BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have large individual differences, unclear risk stratification, and imperfect treatment plans. Risk prediction models are helpful for the dynamic assessment of patients' prognostic risk and early intensive therapy of high-risk patients. The purpose of this study is to systematically summarize the existing risk prediction models and novel prognostic factors for HFpEF, to provide a reference for the construction of convenient and efficient HFpEF risk prediction models...

A novel strategy that has the potential to solve the drawbacks of the present conventional vaccines is the development of DNA vaccines. DNA vaccines offer a versatile and adaptable platform for treating a wide variety of diseases, as immunization targets may be easily adjusted by altering the gene sequences encoded in the plasmid DNA delivered. Due to their ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses, their stability, and the ease with which they may be produced, plasmid DNA vaccines are quickly becoming the vaccine of choice, they are frequently safer than conventional vaccinations...

Coronary artery disease exhibits a growing mortality and morbidity worldwide despite the advances in pharmacotherapy and coronary intervention. Coronary artery disease is classified as the acute coronary syndromes and chronic coronary syndromes according to the most recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. Antithrombotic treatment is the cornerstone of therapy in coronary artery disease due to the involvement of atherothrombosis in the pathophysiology of the disease. Administration of antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants and fibrinolytics reduce ischemic risk, which is amplified early post-acute coronary syndromes or post percutaneous coronary intervention; though, antithrombotic treatment increases the risk for bleeding...

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Pharmacologic therapies remain the treatment of choice for patients with essential hypertension, as endorsed by international guidelines. However, several cases warrant additional modalities, such as invasive antihypertensive therapeutics. The major target of these interventions is the modulation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is a common pathophysiologic mechanism in essential hypertension. In this narrative review, we elaborate on the role of invasive antihypertensive treatments with a focus on renal denervation, stressing their potential as well as the drawbacks that prevent their widespread implementation in everyday clinical practice...

Over 20 years of intensified research in the field of stem cells brought about unprecedented possibilities in treating heart diseases. The investigators were initially fascinated by the idea of regenerating the lost myocardium and replacing it with new functional cardiomyocytes, but this was extremely challenging. However, the multifactorial effects of stem cell-based therapies beyond mere cardiomyocyte generation, caused by paracrine signaling, would open up new possibilities in treating cardiovascular diseases...

Allergies are a major health issue. Allergen avoidance, antihistamines, and corticosteroids do not treat the pathology's causes, therefore long-term therapy is essential. Long-term allergen-specific immunotherapy builds immune tolerance to the allergen. Unfortunately, immunotherapies for all allergens are not available, and adverse reactions during therapy, especially in severely allergic persons, remain a worry. In this regard, cell and bio- or nanomaterial-based allergy treatments are promising. This overview covers the most important tactics from these two strategies with examples...

Hydrogels are a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers. The physical and chemical crosslinking of polymeric chains maintains the structure of the hydrogels even when they are swollen in water. They can be modified with thiol by thiol epoxy, thiol-ene, thiol-disulfide, or thiol-one reactions. Their application as a matrix for protein and drug delivery, cellular immobilization, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for tissue engineering was initiated in the early 21st century. This review focuses on the ingredients, classification techniques, and applications of hydrogels, types of thiolation by different thiol-reducing agents, along with their mechanisms...