journal
Journals Neurobiology of Learning and M...

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527649/variation-in-the-effectiveness-of-reinforcement-and-nonreinforcement-in-generating-different-conditioned-behaviors
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victor Navarro, Dominic M Dwyer, Robert C Honey
Rat autoshaping procedures generate two readily measurable conditioned responses: During lever presentations that have previously signaled food, rats approach the food well (called goal-tracking) and interact with the lever itself (called sign-tracking). We investigated how reinforced and nonreinforced trials affect the overall and temporal distributions of these two responses across 10-second lever presentations. In two experiments, reinforced trials generated more goal-tracking than sign-tracking, and nonreinforced trials resulted in a larger reduction in goal-tracking than sign-tracking...
March 23, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423168/emotional-modulation-of-memorability-in-mnemonic-discrimination
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernanda Morales-Calva, Stephanie L Leal
Although elements such as emotion may serve to enhance or impair memory for images, some images are consistently remembered or forgotten by most people, an intrinsic characteristic of images known as memorability. Memorability explains some of the variability in memory performance, however, the underlying mechanisms of memorability remain unclear. It is known that emotional valence can increase the memorability of an experience, but how these two elements interact is still unknown. Hippocampal pattern separation, a computation that orthogonalizes overlapping experiences as distinct from one another, may be a candidate mechanism underlying memorability...
February 27, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408534/social-evaluative-stress-enhances-central-detail-memory-reduces-false-memory-and-results-in-intrusive-memories-that-last-for-days
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mercedes L Stanek, Kayla M Boaz, Chloe N Cordes, Taylor D Niese, Kristen E Long, Matthew S Risner, John G Blasco, Koen N Suzelis, Kelsey M Siereveld, Boyd R Rorabaugh, Phillip R Zoladz
Few studies have quantified what an individual remembers about a laboratory-controlled stressor. Here, we aimed to replicate previous work by using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to quantify participant memory for a stressful experience. We also aimed to extend this work by quantifying false and intrusive memories that ensued. One hundred and seven participants were exposed to the TSST (stress) or the friendly TSST (f-TSST; no stress). The TSST required participants to deliver a ten-minute speech in front of two laboratory panel members as part of a mock job interview; the f-TSST required participants to casually converse with the panel members about their interests...
February 24, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403011/the-role-of-the-m6a-m-demethylase-fto-in-memory-is-both-task-and-sex-dependent-in-mice
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A M Leonetti, I R Galluzzo, T McLean, G Stefanelli, F Ramnaraign, S Holm, S M Winston, I L Reeves, M A Brimble, B J Walters
Formation of long-term memories requires learning-induced changes in both transcription and translation. Epitranscriptomic modifications of RNA recently emerged as critical regulators of RNA dynamics, whereby adenosine methylation (m6A) regulates translation, mRNA stability, mRNA localization, and memory formation. Prior work demonstrated a pro-memory phenotype of m6A, as loss of m6A impairs and loss of the m6A/m demethylase FTO improves memory formation. Critically, these experiments focused exclusively on aversive memory tasks and were only performed in male mice...
February 23, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403010/tdcs-of-right-hemispheric-wernicke-s-area-homologue-affects-contextual-learning-of-novel-lexicon
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daria Gnedykh, Diana Tsvetova, Nadezhda Mkrtychian, Evgeny Blagovechtchenski, Svetlana Kostromina, Yury Shtyrov
Numerous studies have shown robust evidence of the right hemisphere's involvement in language comprehension, for instance in the processing of intonation, grammar, prelexical processing stages, novel metaphor comprehension, etc. However, its role in lexicon acquisition remains obscure. We applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right-hemispheric homologue of Wernicke's area to assess its putative involvement in processing different types of novel semantics. After receiving 15 min of anodal, cathodal, or sham (placebo) tDCS, three groups of healthy participants learnt novel concrete and abstract words in the context of short stories...
February 23, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336097/long-term-calorie-restriction-prevented-memory-impairment-in-middle-aged-male-mice-and-increased-a-marker-of-dna-oxidative-stress-in-hippocampal-dentate-gyrus
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Izabelle Dias Benfato, Ana Carolina Silvares Quintanilha, Jessica Salles Henrique, Melyssa Alves Souza, Barbara Dos Anjos Rosário, Jose Ivo Araújo Beserra Filho, Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro, Luciana Le Sueur Maluf, Camila Aparecida Machado de Oliveira
Calorie restriction (CR) is a non-invasive and economic approachknown to increase healthspan and life expectancy, through a decrease in oxidative stress, an increase in neurotrophins, among other benefits. However, it is not clear whether its benefit could be noted earlier, as at the beginning of middle-age. Hence, weaimed to determine whether six months of long-term CR, from early adulthood to the beginning of middle age (10 months of age) could positively affect cognitive, neurochemical, and behavioral parameters...
February 7, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242226/dynamic-regulation-of-corticostriatal-glutamatergic-synaptic-expression-during-reversal-learning-in-male-mice
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jayapriya Chandrasekaran, Kevin K Caldwell, Jonathan L Brigman
Behavioral flexibility, one of the core executive functions of the brain, has been shown to be an essential skill for survival across species. Corticostriatal circuits play a critical role in mediating behavioral flexibility. The molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are still unclear. Here, we measured how synaptic glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) expression dynamically changed during specific stages of learning and reversal...
January 17, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38237799/bdnf-dependent-signaling-in-the-olfactory-bulb-modulates-social-recognition-memory-in-mice
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caio M de Castro, Ana F Almeida-Santos, Lara M Z Mansk, Laura F Jaimes, Martín P Cammarota, Grace S Pereira
An operative olfactory bulb (OB) is critical to social recognition memory (SRM) in rodents, which involves identifying conspecifics. Furthermore, OB also allocates synaptic plasticity events related to olfactory memories in their intricate neural circuit. Here, we asked whether the OB is a target for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-known mediator of plasticity and memory. Adult ICR-CD1 male mice had their SRM evaluated under the inhibition of BDNF-dependent signaling directly in the OB. We also quantified the expression of BDNF in the OB, after SRM acquisition...
January 16, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38215963/ccr5-regulates-a%C3%AE-1-42-induced-learning-and-memory-deficits-in-mice
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hou-Yuan Huang, Shelbi Salinas, Jessica Cornell, Iquo-Bella Udoh, Yang Shen, Miou Zhou
C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a chemokine receptor involved in immune responses and a co-receptor for HIV infection. Recently, CCR5 has also been reported to play a role in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and cognitive deficits associated with normal aging, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). In contrast, the role of CCR5 in cognitive deficits associated with other disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is much less understood. Studies have reported an increase in expression of CCR5 or its ligands in both AD patients and AD rodent models, suggesting a correlation between AD and CCR5 expression...
January 10, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184461/corrigendum-to-reminder-dependent-alterations-in-long-term-declarative-memory-expression-neurobiol-learn-mem-206-2023-107858
#10
Kai Rong Tay, Francesca Bolt, Hei Ting Wong, Svetlina Vasileva, Jonathan Lee
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 5, 2024: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38135111/conditioned-inhibition-of-fear-and-reward-in-male-and-female-rats
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie N Krueger, Nupur N Patel, Kevin Shim, Ka Ng, Susan Sangha
Stimuli in our environment are not always associated with an outcome. Some of these stimuli, depending on how they are presented, may gain inhibitory value or simply be ignored. If experienced in the presence of other cues predictive of appetitive or aversive outcomes, they typically gain inhibitory value and become predictive cues indicating the absence of appetitive or aversive outcomes. In this case, these cues are referred to as conditioned inhibitors. Here, male and female Long Evans rats underwent cue discrimination training where a reward cue was paired with sucrose, a fear cue with footshock, and an inhibitor cue resulted in neither sucrose or footshock...
December 20, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38103676/environmental-enrichment-improves-cognitive-function-learning-memory-and-anxiety-related-behaviours-in-rodent-models-of-dementia-implications-for-future-study
#12
REVIEW
Siti Norhafizah Mohd Sahini, Nurul Aqmar Mohd Nor Hazalin, Bettadapura N Srikumar, Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal, Gurmeet Kaur Surindar Singh
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a process of brain stimulation by modifying the surroundings, for example, by changing the sensory, social, or physical conditions. Rodents have been used in such experimental strategies through exposure to diverse physical, social, and exploration conditions. The present study conducted an extensive analysis of the existing literature surrounding the impact of EE on dementia rodent models. The review emphasised the two principal aspects that are very closely related to dementia: cognitive function (learning and memory) as well as psychological factors (anxiety-related behaviours such as phobias and unrealistic worries)...
December 14, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38081536/the-effects-of-extinction-and-an-explicitly-unpaired-treatment-on-the-reinforcing-properties-of-a-pavlovian-conditioned-stimulus
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas G W Kennedy, Nathan M Holmes, Lily W T Peng, R Frederick Westbrook
This series of experiments examined the effects of extinction and an explicitly unpaired treatment on the ability of a conditioned stimulus (CS) to function as a reinforcer. Rats were trained to lever press for food, exposed to pairings of a noise CS and food, and, finally, tested for their willingness to lever press for the CS in the absence of the food. Experiment 1 provided a demonstration of conditioned reinforcement (using controls that were only exposed to unpaired presentations of the CS and food) and showed that it was equivalent after one or four sessions of CS-food pairings...
December 9, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38042330/ofc-neurons-do-not-represent-the-negative-value-of-a-conditioned-inhibitor
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guillem R Esber, Alexandra Usypchuk, Sonia Saini, Mikael Deroche, Mihaela D Iordanova, Geoffrey Schoenbaum
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is often proposed to function as a value integrator; however, alternative accounts focus on its role in representing associative structures that specify the probability and sensory identity of future outcomes. These two accounts make different predictions about how this area should respond to conditioned inhibitors of reward, since in the former, neural activity should reflect the negative value of the inhibitor, whereas in the latter, it should track the estimated probability of a future reward based on all cues present...
November 30, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38000462/receptor-antagonism-and-satiety-attenuate-pavlovian-instrumental-transfer
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachary J Pierce-Messick, Ashleigh K Brink, T Anna Vo, Laura H Corbit
Animals rely on learned cues to guide their behaviour for rewards such as food. The Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) task can be used to investigate the influence of Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental responding. Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide, and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHS-R1A), has received growing interest for its role in reward-motivated learning and behaviours. A significant population of GHS-R1A have been identified within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a critical node in the mesolimbic reward circuit that is necessary for the expression of PIT...
November 22, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37995804/basolateral-amygdala-corticotropin-releasing-factor-receptor-2-interacts-with-nonmuscle-myosin-ii-to-destabilize-memory-in-males
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madalyn Hafenbreidel, Surya Pandey, Sherri B Briggs, Meghana Arza, Shalakha Bonthu, Cadence Fisher, Annika Tiller, Alice B Hall, Shayna Reed, Natasha Mayorga, Li Lin, Susan Khan, Michael D Cameron, Gavin Rumbaugh, Courtney A Miller
Preclinical studies show that inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory in male and female adult and adolescent rodents. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g., dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including cocaine (COC)...
November 21, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37995803/dissociable-role-of-the-basolateral-complex-of-the-amygdala-in-the-acquisition-and-extinction-of-conditioned-fear-following-reproductive-experience-in-female-rats
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelly A Kershaw, Jodie E Pestana, Madison Brooke, Luisa Saavedra Cardona, Bronwyn M Graham
In female rats and humans, reproductive experience (i.e., pregnancy) alters the behavioral, hormonal and molecular substrates of fear extinction. Here, we assessed whether the role of a central neural substrate of fear extinction, the basolateral amygdala (BLA), also changes following reproductive experience. Nulliparous (virgin) and primiparous (one prior pregnancy) female rats received infusions of the GABAA agonist, muscimol, to temporarily inactivate the BLA prior to fear conditioning or extinction training...
November 21, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37995802/the-influence-of-learning-history-on-anterograde-interference
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E De La Fontaine, R Hamel, J F Lepage, P M Bernier
Classically interpreted as a competition between opposite memories (A vs B), anterograde interference (AI) also emerges in the absence of competing memories (A vs A), suggesting that mechanisms other than those involved in memory competition contribute to AI. To investigate this, we tested the hypothesis that extending motor practice would enhance a first memory, but come at the cost of reduced learning capabilities when subsequently exposed to a second learning session of the same task. Based on converging biological evidence, AI was expected to depend upon the degree of extended practice of the initial exposure...
November 21, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37952773/the-emergence-of-task-relevant-representations-in-a-nonlinear-decision-making-task
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
N Menghi, F Silvestrin, L Pascolini, W Penny
This paper describes the relationship between performance in a decision-making task and the emergence of task-relevant representations. Participants learnt two tasks in which the appropriate response depended on multiple relevant stimuli and the underlying stimulus-outcome associations were governed by a latent feature that participants could discover. We divided participants into good and bad performers based on their overall classification rate and computed behavioural accuracy for each feature value. We found that participants with better performance had a better representation of the latent feature space...
November 10, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37944637/electrophysiological-evidence-for-context-reinstatement-effects-on-object-recognition-memory
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingwen Miao, Michael Weigl, Nuo Kong, Min-Fang Zhao, Axel Mecklinger, Zhiwei Zheng, Juan Li
Reinstating the context present at encoding during the test phase generally enhances recognition memory compared with changing the context when specific item-context associations are established during encoding. However, it remains unclear whether context reinstatement improves the performance in differentiating between old and similar items in recognition memory tests and what underlying cognitive processes are involved. Using the context reinstatement paradigm together with event-related potentials (ERP), we examined the context-dependent effects of background scenes on recognition discrimination among similar objects...
November 7, 2023: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
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