journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21660762/sustained-attention-and-behavioral-characteristics-associated-with-adhd-in-adults
#21
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Alon Avisar, Lilach Shalev
The goal of the current study was to investigate whether two cognitive functions (i.e., sustained attention and response inhibition) were related to a general model of personality traits and behavioral characteristics associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To examine these relations, the Conjunctive Continuous Performance Test was used to measure the two cognitive functions, the Mini-Marker was used to measure the Big Five domains of personality, and the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) was used to index ADHD symptoms...
April 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21660761/designing-rehabilitation-programs-for-neglect-could-2-be-more-than-1-1
#22
REVIEW
Styrmir Saevarsson, Ulrike Halsband, Arni Kristjansson
Unilateral neglect is a multimodal neuropsychological disorder that has puzzled scientists for a long time. Many interventions have been developed, but only a handful has proven to be effective. This review examines whether applying different therapeutic techniques in combination will increase therapeutic benefits. Studies were reviewed where therapies are applied sequentially or in combination with other techniques. The results indicate that combining different interventions leads to increased general improvement compared with other noncombined designs, even when the number of treatment sessions is not constant...
April 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21660760/high-specificity-of-the-word-memory-test-and-medical-symptom-validity-test-in-groups-with-severe-verbal-memory-impairment
#23
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Paul Green, Jorge Montijo, Robbi Brockhaus
By definition, false positives occur when an otherwise very easy symptom validity test (SVT) or effort test is failed because of cognitive impairment and not because of poor effort. Therefore, the highest rate of false positives will be found in those groups with the most severe cognitive impairment. For that reason, it is important to study people with severe impairment when evaluating the specificity of SVTs. Some people with various types of dementia, notably those with Alzheimer's disease, suffer from severe impairment of memory and other cognitive abilities...
April 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21660759/intersubtest-discrepancies-on-the-rbans-results-from-the-oklahoma-study
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin Duff, Doyle E Patton, Mike R Schoenberg, James Mold, James G Scott, Russell L Adams
The present study provides supplemental data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (Randolph, 1998) by reporting base rate data on discrepancies between subtests of this measure. These discrepancies are organized by general level of ability and include both age and education corrections. The data come from the Oklahoma Longitudinal Assessment of Health Outcomes in Mature Adults study and include cognitive performances of 718 community-dwelling older adults. These findings offer the possibility of increased sensitivity at detecting clinically significant differences that might not be identified when relying on base rate data from a greater age range...
April 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390903/supporting-autobiographical-memory-in-patients-with-alzheimer-s-disease-using-smart-phones
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gianluca De Leo, Eleonora Brivio, Scott W Sautter
An estimated 5.1 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD). A symptom of AD is the gradual loss of autobiographical memory. Support services have been shown to slow such loss, thereby improving the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. In this case study, a subject in Stage 4 of AD on the Functional Assessment Staging (FAST) scale carried a smart phone with a lanyard for 4 weeks. The smart phone was programmed to take pictures at 5-minute intervals for 12 hours during the day. The pictures were collected, combined in a video slide show, saved to a DVD, and mailed to the subject on a weekly basis...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390902/a-canonical-correlation-analysis-of-intelligence-and-executive-functioning
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew S Davis, Eric E Pierson, W Holmes Finch
Executive functioning is one of the most researched and debated topics in neuropsychology. Although neuropsychologists routinely consider executive functioning and intelligence in their assessment process, more information is needed regarding the relationship between these constructs. This study reports the results of a canonical correlation study between the most widely used measure of adult intelligence, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 3rd edition (WAIS-III; Wechsler, 1997), and the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS; Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001)...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390901/effect-of-verbal-encoding-and-motor-memory-on-test-performance-in-the-rey-visual-design-learning-test
#27
COMPARATIVE STUDY
P Wilhelm, I Maathuis, M Matzner
This study offers new evidence for the validity of the interpretation of the Rey Visual Design Learning Test (RVDLT) test score. The RVDLT is a design memory test that requires constructive output (drawings of memorized test items) in the recall phase. We mainly focused on response processes and tested the effect of a verbal and a motor memory strategy on test performance. Strategies were only explained and participants (12- to 15-year-olds) were stimulated to use them in a subsequent test session. In the verbal encoding condition, participants were instructed to name the test items of the RVDLT...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390900/noncredible-performance-in-individuals-with-external-incentives-empirical-derivation-and-cross-validation-of-the-psychosocial-distress-scale-pds
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George K Henry, Robert L Heilbronner, Wiley Mittenberg, Craig Enders, Abigail Stevens, Moira Dux
Using a known groups design, a new Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) subscale, the 20-item Psychosocial Distress Scale (PDS), was empirically derived and cross-validated. The PDS demonstrated good classification accuracy between subjects under external incentive vs. no incentive conditions. In the initial calibration sample (N = 84) a cut score of ≥10 on the PDS was associated with good classification accuracy (85.7%), high specificity (90.0%), and adequate sensitivity (81.8%). Under cross-validation conditions (N = 83) a cut score of ≥10 on the PDS was also associated with nearly identical classification accuracy (86...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390899/differentiating-tower-of-hanoi-performance-interactive-effects-of-psychopathic-tendencies-impulsive-response-styles-and-modality
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina L Salnaitis, Crystal A Baker, James Holland, Marilyn Welsh
Previous research has demonstrated that performance on the computerized Tower of Hanoi is lower than performance on the manual Tower of Hanoi. The present study was conducted to elucidate potential factors that contribute to performance differences across modalities. Personality characteristics related to psychopathy and impulsive response styles were hypothesized to be correlates of poor performance on the computerized version of the Tower of Hanoi, which is a problem-solving task that requires working memory, planning, and inhibition...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390898/comparison-of-computerized-versus-booklet-versions-of-the-tomm%C3%A2
#30
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Jana L Vanderslice-Barr, Andrea S Miele, Bianca Jardin, Robert J McCaffrey
This study examined whether there is a significant difference in performance on two different versions of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1996). Differences in performance were compared between the examiner-administered booklet version versus the self-administered computerized version. No statistically significant differences were found between performance on the two versions. These data indicate that the two versions of the TOMM produce equivalent performance, at least among college students...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390897/concurrent-validity-of-three-forced-choice-measures-of-symptom-validity
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bradley N Axelrod, Christian Schutte
Forced-choice measures of recognition memory are used to assess the validity of an evaluation by using cutoff scores that discriminate individuals demonstrating good effort from those who are intentionally performing suboptimally. The current study evaluated three measures of motivation in a clinical sample of over 150 individuals. The Forced-Choice subtest from the California Verbal Learning Test and the Test of Memory Malingering generated comparable percentages of poor effort at 23% and 21%, respectively, yet they did not have complete concordance...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390896/comparison-between-the-test-of-memory-malingering-tomm-and-the-nonverbal-medical-symptom-validity-test-nv-msvt-in-adults-with-disability-claims
#32
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Paul Green
In this study, the Nonverbal Medical Symptom Validity Test (NV-MSVT; Green, 2008) and the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1996) were given to a consecutive series of outpatients undergoing disability assessment. No cases of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) failed the easy NV-MSVT subtests or the TOMM. However, 26% of the mild TBI group failed the NV-MSVT and 10% failed the TOMM. More than 10% of the whole sample passed the TOMM but failed the NV-MSVT. Using profile analysis, the NV-MSVT has been shown to have a zero false-positive rate in three independent groups of patients with severe cognitive impairment arising from dementia...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390895/the-rbans-effort-index-base-rates-in-geriatric-samples
#33
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Kevin Duff, Cynthia C Spering, Sid E O'Bryant, Leigh J Beglinger, David J Moser, John D Bayless, Kennith R Culp, James W Mold, Russell L Adams, James G Scott
The Effort Index (EI) of the RBANS was developed to assist clinicians in discriminating patients who demonstrate good effort from those with poor effort. However, there are concerns that older adults might be unfairly penalized by this index, which uses uncorrected raw scores. Using five independent samples of geriatric patients with a broad range of cognitive functioning (e.g., cognitively intact, nursing home residents, probable Alzheimer's disease), base rates of failure on the EI were calculated. In cognitively intact and mildly impaired samples, few older individuals were classified as demonstrating poor effort (e...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21390894/relation-of-measures-of-executive-function-to-aggressive-behavior-in-children
#34
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Cynthia A Riccio, Lisa Lockwood Hewitt, Jamilia J Blake
This study investigated the role of executive function in relation to aggression in a sample of children (N = 93) aged 9 to 15 years. Based on parent ratings of aggression, the sample was divided into low- (n = 66) and high- (n = 27) aggression groups. Although the groups did not differ significantly on laboratory measures of executive function, significant differences emerged on behavioral regulation and metacognition ratings by parents. Notably, a high level of behavioral dysregulation was predictive of placement in the high-aggression group; both good metacognitive skills and behavior regulation served as significant predictors of prosocial and adaptive skills...
January 2011: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154045/nonverbal-medical-symptom-validity-test-try-faking-now
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John G Wager, Laura L S Howe
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154044/brief-communication-cognitive-rehabilitation-of-executive-functioning-in-a-case-of-craniopharyngioma
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudia Metzler-Baddeley, Roy W Jones
Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors within the area of the craniopharyngeal duct. They are often diagnosed in children and young people and can be associated with significant cognitive impairments such as memory and executive problems. This single-case report describes a brief investigation into the effectiveness of goal management training for dysexecutive problems following the removal and treatment of a craniopharyngioma in a young woman. In contrast to previous laboratory-based studies, we exploited naturally occurring distractions within the patient's work environment as periodic alerts to facilitate goal management...
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154043/components-of-executive-functioning-in-metamemory
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Timo Mäntylä, Michael Rönnlund, Matthias Kliegel
This study examined metamemory in relation to three basic executive functions (set shifting, working memory updating, and response inhibition) measured as latent variables. Young adults (Experiment 1) and middle-aged adults (Experiment 2) completed a set of executive functioning tasks and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). In Experiment 1, source recall and face recognition tasks were included as indicators of objective memory performance. In both experiments, analyses of the executive functioning data yielded a two-factor solution, with the updating and inhibition tasks constituting a common factor and the shifting tasks a separate factor...
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154042/neuropsychological-assessment-battery-nab-performance-in-a-sample-of-patients-with-moderate-to-severe-traumatic-brain-injury
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dennis J Zgaljardic, Richard O Temple
The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB; Stern & White, 2003) is a comprehensive test battery that assesses five cognitive domains (Attention, Language, Memory, Spatial, and Executive Functions). The purpose of the current descriptive study was to present data on the index and primary test scores from the five main NAB cognitive modules in a sample of patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a residential postacute rehabilitation program. Twenty patients were administered all five main NAB modules upon recommendation from the NAB Screening module...
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154041/predicting-premorbid-memory-functioning-in-older-adults
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin Duff
Assessing cognitive change during a single visit requires the comparison of estimated premorbid abilities and current neuropsychological functioning. Although premorbid intellect has been widely examined, estimating premorbid memory abilities has received less attention. The current study used demographic variables and an estimate of premorbid intellect to predict premorbid memory abilities in a sample of 95 community-dwelling, cognitively intact older adults. These prediction formulas were then applied to a sample of 74 individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to look for discrepancies between premorbid and current memory abilities...
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21154040/wisconsin-card-sorting-test-as-a-measure-of-executive-function-impairments-in-stroke-patients
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krzysztof Jodzio, Daria Biechowska
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is among the most frequently administered neuropsychological tests. It is assumed that successful completion of this test requires engagement of executive functions (EF). One of the most common origins of EF impairments is ischemic stroke. The present study intends to evaluate the diagnostic use of the WCST as a measure of these impairments in poststroke patients. Forty-four patients (8 women and 36 men) who had recent unilateral stroke (22 left hemisphere, 22 right hemisphere) participated in the study...
October 2010: Applied Neuropsychology
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