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Journals Clinical Reviews in Allergy & ...

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/37338709/perspectives-on-mycophenolate-mofetil-in-the-management-of-autoimmunity
#21
REVIEW
Rithika Bhat, Antonio Tonutti, Suraj Timilsina, Carlo Selmi, M Eric Gershwin
Before becoming a cornerstone in the treatment of numerous immune-mediated diseases, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was first introduced as an immunosuppressive agent in transplant immunology and later received the attention of rheumatologists and clinicians involved in the management of autoimmune diseases. MMF is now a widespread immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of several conditions, including lupus nephritis, interstitial lung disease associated with systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis while being efficacious also as rescue therapy in various orphan diseases, including dermatomyositis and IgA-associated nephropathy...
August 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35708830/t-cell-abnormalities-in-x-linked-agammaglobulinaemia-an-updated-review
#22
REVIEW
Sanchi Chawla, Ankur Kumar Jindal, Kanika Arora, Rahul Tyagi, Manpreet Dhaliwal, Amit Rawat
X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a primary immunodeficiency (PID) resulting from a defect in the B cell development. It has conventionally been thought that T cells play a major role in the development and function of the B cell compartment. However, it has also been shown that B cells and T cells undergo bidirectional interactions and B cells also influence the structure and function of the T cell compartment. Patients with XLA offer a unique opportunity to understand the effect of absent B cells on the T cell compartment...
August 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35648371/autoimmunity-in-primary-immunodeficiencies-pid
#23
REVIEW
Grace T Padron, Vivian P Hernandez-Trujillo
Primary immunodeficiency (PID) may impact any component of the immune system. The number of PID and immune dysregulation disorders is growing steadily with advancing genetic detection methods. These expansive recognition methods have changed the way we characterize PID. While PID were once characterized by their susceptibility to infection, the increase in genetic analysis has elucidated the intertwined relationship between PID and non-infectious manifestations including autoimmunity. The defects permitting opportunistic infections to take hold may also lead the way to the development of autoimmune disease...
August 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35040085/the-conundrum-of-psoriatic-arthritis-a-pathogenetic-and-clinical-pattern-at-the-midpoint-of-autoinflammation-and-autoimmunity
#24
REVIEW
Rossana Scrivo, Salvatore D'Angelo, Antonio Carriero, Chiara Castellani, Fabio Massimo Perrotta, Fabrizio Conti, Matteo Vecellio, Carlo Selmi, Ennio Lubrano
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by psoriasis, synovitis, enthesitis, spondylitis, and the possible association with other extra-articular manifestations and comorbidities. It is a multifaceted and systemic disorder sustained by complex pathogenesis, combining aspects of autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Features of PsA autoinflammation include the role of biomechanical stress in the onset and/or exacerbation of the disease; the evidence of involvement of the innate immune response mediators in the skin, peripheral blood and synovial tissue; an equal gender distribution; the clinical course which may encounter periods of prolonged remission and overlapping features with autoinflammatory syndromes...
August 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37505416/shared-pathogenicity-features-and-sequences-between-ebv-sars-cov-2-and-hla-class-i-molecule-binding-motifs-with-a-potential-role-in-autoimmunity
#25
REVIEW
Yekbun Adiguzel, Naim Mahroum, Sylviane Muller, Miri Blank, Gilad Halpert, Yehuda Shoenfeld
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are extraordinary in their ability to activate autoimmunity as well as to induce diverse autoimmune diseases. Here we reviewed the current knowledge on their relation. Further, we suggested that molecular mimicry could be a possible common mechanism of autoimmunity induction in the susceptible individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, and EBV and human proteins, are present...
July 28, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37395986/%C3%AE-%C3%AE-t-cells-and-allergic-diseases
#26
REVIEW
Uei-Hsiang Hsu, Bor-Luen Chiang
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells play an essential role in allergic diseases and have emerged as a potential treatment target in recent decades. To clarify the effects of γδ T cells on atopic illnesses, we reviewed the literature on the physical roles and functions of various subsets of γδ T cells, including type 1 T helper (Th1)-like, type 2 T helper- (Th2)-like, and type 17 T helper (Th17)-like γδ T cells. Mouse Vγ1 T cells increase interleukin (IL)-4 levels and trigger B cell class switching and immunoglobulin E production...
July 3, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37395985/during-sepsis-and-covid-19-the-pro-inflammatory-and-anti-inflammatory-responses-are-concomitant
#27
REVIEW
Jean-Marc Cavaillon
The most severe forms of COVID-19 share many features with bacterial sepsis and have thus been considered to be a viral sepsis. Innate immunity and inflammation are closely linked. While the immune response aims to get rid of the infectious agent, the pro-inflammatory host response can result in organ injury including acute respiratory distress syndrome. On its side, a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, aimed to dampen the inflammatory reaction, can lead to immunosuppression. Whether these two key events of the host inflammatory response are consecutive or concomitant has been regularly depicted in schemes...
July 3, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37358748/covid-19-coronavirus-vaccines-and-possible-association-with-lipsch%C3%A3-tz-vulvar-ulcer-a-systematic-review
#28
REVIEW
Stefano A Vismara, Andrea Ridolfi, Pietro B Faré, Mario G Bianchetti, Sebastiano A G Lava, Samuele Renzi, Benedetta Terziroli Beretta Piccoli, Gregorio P Milani, Lisa Kottanattu
Lipschütz genital ulcer is a self-limited, non-sexually acquired disorder characterized by the sudden onset of a few ulcers. A primary Epstein-Barr virus infection is currently considered the most recognized cause. Recent reports document cases temporally related with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We carried out a review of the literature to investigate the possible association between COVID-19 or the immunization against SARS-CoV-2 and genital ulcer...
June 26, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35716254/systemic-sclerosis-specific-antibodies-novel-and-classical-biomarkers
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilaria Cavazzana, Tamara Vojinovic, Paolo Airo', Micaela Fredi, Angela Ceribelli, Eleonora Pedretti, Maria Grazia Lazzaroni, Emirena Garrafa, Franco Franceschini
Disease-specific autoantibodies are considered the most important biomarkers for systemic sclerosis (SSc), due to their ability to stratify patients with different severity and prognosis. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), occurring in subjects with isolated Raynuad's phenomenon, are considered the strongest independent predictors of definite SSc and digital microvascular damage, as observed by nailfold videocapillaroscopy. ANA are present in more than 90% of SSc, but ANA negativity does not exclude SSc diagnosis: a little rate of SSc ANA negative exists and shows a distinct subtype of disease, with less vasculopathy, but more frequent lower gastrointestinal involvement and severe disease course...
June 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35648373/renal-disease-and-systemic-sclerosis-an-update-on-scleroderma-renal-crisis
#30
REVIEW
Alice Cole, Voon H Ong, Christopher P Denton
Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) with a mortality of 20% at 6 months. Once the leading cause of mortality in scleroderma (SSc), it remains a serious complication, often necessitating level three care for patients affected. Whilst renal outcomes have significantly improved following the advent of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) therapy, SRC remains a precarious challenge for clinicians, due to lack of preventative measures and the fact that patients can rapidly decline despite best medical management...
June 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35072931/heart-involvement-in-systemic-sclerosis-the-role-of-magnetic-resonance-imaging
#31
REVIEW
Giacomo De Luca, Sara Bombace, Lorenzo Monti
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe connective tissue disease characterized by diffuse vascular damage and aberrant activation of immune system, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis of skin and internal organs, including the heart. Cardiac involvement is frequent in SSc, even though often unrecognized due to the occult nature at early stages and to the lack of a defined diagnostic algorithm. Once clinically evident, heart involvement is associated with a poor prognosis, representing the leading cause of death in about one third of SSc patients...
June 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37160543/food-allergy-labeling-laws-international-guidelines-for-residents-and-travelers
#32
REVIEW
Francesca Chang, Lauren Eng, Christopher Chang
The prevalence of food allergies varies by country, as does each country's food allergen labeling. While labeling laws may vary by country, most follow the Codex Alimentarius. Even developing countries have some degree of labeling guidelines for food allergies, but it is highly developed countries that tend to implement stricter labeling regulations to protect their citizens and tourists. Different organizations, both domestic and international, such as Food Allergy Research and Education (FARE), work to advance food allergen labeling laws around the globe...
May 9, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36884135/single-cell-analysis-of-patients-with-axial-spondyloarthritis-after-anti-tnf%C3%AE-treatment-experimental-data-and-review-of-the-literature
#33
REVIEW
Zhi-Bin Zhao, Zhen-Hua Bian, Zhang-Mei Lin, Shu-Fan Wu, Jie Long, Yang Cui, Yang Li, Wende Li, Er-Wei Sun, Zhe-Xiong Lian, Yi He
Axial spondyloarthritis (Ax-SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the axial joints and is most common in young men. However, the precise immune cell subset involved in Ax-SpA remains unclear. Our study characterized the periphery immune landscape of Ax-SpA patients before and after anti-TNFα treatment using single-cell transcriptomics and proteomics sequencing and elucidated the effects of anti-TNFα treatment at the single-cell level. First, we found that peripheral granulocytes and monocytes significantly increased in Ax-SpA patients...
March 8, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36853525/impact-of-air-pollution-on-atopic-dermatitis-a-comprehensive-review
#34
REVIEW
Zhouxian Pan, Yimin Dai, Nicole Akar-Ghibril, Jessica Simpson, Huali Ren, Lishan Zhang, Yibo Hou, Xueyi Wen, Christopher Chang, Rui Tang, Jin-Lyu Sun
Air pollution is associated with multiple health problems worldwide, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic disease, and increasing evidence has revealed a role of air pollution in the development of atopic dermatitis. Air pollutants are derived from several sources, including harmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as particulate matter (PM) of various sizes, and bioaerosols. Possible mechanisms linking air pollution to atopic dermatitis include damage to the skin barrier through oxidative stress, increased water loss, physicochemical injury, and an effect on skin microflora...
February 28, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36757537/the-evolving-landscape-of-fecal-microbial-transplantation
#35
REVIEW
Tihong Shao, Ronald Hsu, Camelia Hacein-Bey, Weici Zhang, Lixia Gao, Mark J Kurth, Huanhuan Zhao, Zongwen Shuai, Patrick S C Leung
The human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Modulation of the gut microbiome has become a therapeutic target in treating these disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor restores the normal gut microbiota homeostasis in the diseased host...
February 9, 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35040086/identification-of-parameters-representative-of-immune-dysfunction-in-patients-with-severe-and-fatal-covid-19-infection-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#36
REVIEW
Rundong Qin, Li He, Zhaowei Yang, Nan Jia, Ruchong Chen, Jiaxing Xie, Wanyi Fu, Hao Chen, Xinliu Lin, Renbin Huang, Tian Luo, Yukai Liu, Siyang Yao, Mei Jiang, Jing Li
Abnormal immunological indicators associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 have been reported in several observational studies. However, there are marked heterogeneities in patient characteristics and research methodologies in these studies. We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the association between immune-related indicators and COVID-19 prognosis. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Willey, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and CNKI for studies reporting immunological and/or immune-related parameters, including hematological, inflammatory, coagulation, and biochemical variables, tested on hospital admission of COVID-19 patients with different severities and outcomes...
February 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33609255/a-review-of-persistent-post-covid-syndrome-ppcs
#37
REVIEW
Bryan Oronsky, Christopher Larson, Terese C Hammond, Arnold Oronsky, Santosh Kesari, Michelle Lybeck, Tony R Reid
Persistent post-COVID syndrome, also referred to as long COVID, is a pathologic entity, which involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19, including persistent immunosuppression as well as pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular fibrosis. Pathologic fibrosis of organs and vasculature leads to increased mortality and severely worsened quality of life. Inhibiting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), an immuno- and a fibrosis modulator, may attenuate these post-COVID sequelae...
February 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36346551/epigenetic-dysregulation-in-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-skin-diseases
#38
REVIEW
Frederick Gibson, Ailish Hanly, Nicole Grbic, Noah Grunberg, Muzhou Wu, Marianne Collard, Rhoda M Alani
Epigenetics is the study of heritable, reversible gene expression patterns that do not originate from alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications influence gene expression patterns and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and gene regulation via non-coding RNAs. While the study of epigenetics has been most broadly applied to neoplastic diseases, the role of the epigenome in a wide range of disease processes including autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory processes is increasingly being recognized...
December 2022: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36251242/new-mechanistic-advances-in-fc%C3%AE%C2%B5ri-mast-cell-mediated-allergic-signaling
#39
REVIEW
Yang Li, Patrick S C Leung, M Eric Gershwin, Junmin Song
Mast cells originate from the CD34+ /CD117+ hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, migrate into circulation, and ultimately mature and reside in peripheral tissues. Microbiota/metabolites and certain immune cells (e.g., Treg cells) play a key role in maintaining immune tolerance. Cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE on mast cells activates the high-affinity membrane-bound receptor FcεRI, thereby initiating an intracellular signal cascade, leading to degranulation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators...
December 2022: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36121544/hair-follicle-melanocytes-initiate-autoimmunity-in-alopecia-areata-a-trigger-point
#40
REVIEW
Bo Xie, Jiayi Sun, Xiuzu Song
Alopecia areata (AA) is characterized by common non-scarring alopecia due to autoimmune disorders. To date, the specific pathogenesis underlying AA remains unknown. Thus, AA treatment in the dermatological clinic is still a challenge. Numerous clinical observations and experimental studies have established that melanocytes may be the trigger point that causes hair follicles to be attacked by the immune system. A possible mechanism is that the impaired melanocytes, under oxidative stress, cannot be repaired in time and causes apoptosis...
December 2022: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
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