Xianpeng Xu, Xinghong Liu, Jiongke Li, Xinxing Deng, Tianrong Dai, Qingjie Ji, Dajing Xiong, Hui Xie
Many potential environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers of AR have been published, but so far, the strength and consistency of their evidence are unclear. We conducted a comprehensive review of environmental risk, protective factors, and biomarkers for AR to establish the evidence hierarchy. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic database from inception to December 31, 2022. We calculated summary effect estimate (odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and standardized mean difference (SMD)), 95% confidence interval, random effects p value, I2 statistic, 95% prediction interval, small study effects, and excess significance biases, and stratification of the level of evidence...
August 2023: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology