Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on neurocognitive profiles. METHOD: Romanian (LEP-RO; n = 59) and Arabic (LEP-AR; n = 30) native speakers were compared to Canadian native speakers of English (NSE; n = 24) on a strategically selected battery of neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: As predicted, participants with LEP demonstrated significantly lower performance on tests with high verbal mediation relative to US norms and the NSE sample (large effects)...

OBJECTIVE: Loneliness is a concern for patients with schizophrenia. However, the correlates of loneliness in patients with schizophrenia are unclear; thus, the aim of the study is to investigate neuro- and social cognitive mechanisms associated with loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia. METHOD: Data from clinical, neurocognitive, and social cognitive assessments were pooled from two cross-national samples (Poland/USA) to examine potential predictors of loneliness in 147 patients with schizophrenia and 103 healthy controls overall...

OBJECTIVES: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to impact semantic access, which is frequently evaluated using the Category Fluency (Animals) test. Recent studies have suggested that in addition to overall category fluency scores (total number of words produced over time), poor clustering could signal AD-related cognitive difficulties. In this study, we examined the association between category fluency clustering performance (i.e., stating words sequentially that are all contained within a subcategory, such as domestic animals) and brain pathology in individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD)...

OBJECTIVE: Emotional functioning is linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment, yet research on this association among diverse people with HIV (PWH) is scant. We examined emotional health and its association with neurocognition in Hispanic and White PWH. METHODS: Participants included 107 Hispanic (41% primarily Spanish-speakers; 80% Mexican heritage/origin) and 216 White PWH (Overall age: M = 53.62, SD = 12.19; 86% male; 63% AIDS; 92% on antiretroviral therapy)...

OBJECTIVES: Aging of the population encourages research on how to preserve cognition and quality of life. Many studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) positively affects cognition in older adults. However, PA carried out throughout the individual's lifespan may also have an impact on cognition in old age. We hypothesize the existence of Motor Reserve (MR), a flexible and dynamic construct that increases over time and compensates for age-related motor and cognitive loss. METHODS: Two questionnaires were developed and validated to estimate MR (Physical Activity carried out throughout the individual's lifespan) and Current Physical Activity (CPA, PA carried out in the previous 12 months)...

OBJECTIVES: The 'attentional spotlight' can be adjusted depending on the task requirements, resulting in processing information at either the local or global level. Stroke can lead to local or global processing biases, or the inability to simultaneously attend both levels. In this study, we assessed the (1) prevalence of abnormal local and global biases following stroke, (2) differences between left- and right-sided brain damaged patients, and (3) relations between local and global interference, the ability to attend local and global levels simultaneously, and lateralized attention, search organization, search speed, visuo-construction, executive functioning, and verbal (working) memory...

OBJECTIVES: The developmental absence (agenesis) of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a congenital brain malformation associated with risk for a range of neuropsychological difficulties. Inhibitory control outcomes, including interference control and response inhibition, in children with AgCC are unclear. This study examined interference control and response inhibition: 1) in children with AgCC compared with typically developing (TD) children, 2) in children with different anatomical features of AgCC (complete vs...

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive fluctuations are a core clinical feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but their contribution to the everyday functioning difficulties evident DLB are not well understood. The current study evaluated whether intraindividual variability across a battery of neurocognitive tests (intraindividual variability-dispersion) and daily cognitive fluctuations as measured by informant report are associated with worse daily functioning in DLB. METHODS: The study sample included 97 participants with consensus-defined DLB from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC)...

OBJECTIVE: Research shows that cognitively healthy older adults with mild executive function (EF) weaknesses are vulnerable to the negative impacts of life complexity (or daily busyness) when performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, past research assessed life complexity only at one timepoint, not capturing daily fluctuations. Importantly, fluctuations in busyness can themselves have deleterious impacts on functioning. This study extended past research by examining whether (1) variability in daily busyness would be more detrimental than level of busyness to performance of IADLs, and (2) EF assessed at home would moderate deleterious impact of busyness on IADLs...

OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, in which cognitive dysfunction is common, but poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the prevalence and patterns of cognitive dysfunction in SLE. METHOD: SLE patients ( n = 95) and demographically matched healthy controls ( n = 48) underwent cross-sectional cognitive testing using the 1-hr conventional neuropsychological test battery recommended by the American College of Rheumatology for use in SLE...

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to address a gap in the data on cognitive sex differences in persons living with Parkinson disease (PD). There is some evidence that cognitive dysfunction is more severe in male PD, however data on episodic memory and processing speed is incomplete. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-seven individuals with a diagnosis of PD were included in this study. Fifty-six of those individuals identified as female. The California Verbal Learning Test 1st edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale 3rd edition were used to evaluate verbal and visuospatial episodic memory and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition was used to evaluate processing speed...

OBJECTIVE: Using the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB), we seek to develop normative data by examining the demographic effects for two learning process scores: initial learning (Trial One) and learning ratio (LR, the percentage of items learned relative of to-be-learned material following Trial 1). METHODS: Healthy participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo completed the four memory tests of the ANB: the African Story Memory Test (ASMT), African List Memory Test (ALMT), African Visuospatial Memory Test (AVMT), and African Contextual Visuospatial Memory Test (ACVMT)...

OBJECTIVES: Early-life socioeconomic status (SES) and adversity are associated with late-life cognition and risk of dementia. We examined the association between early-life SES and adversity and late-life cross-sectional cognitive outcomes as well as global cognitive decline, hypothesizing that adulthood SES would mediate these associations. METHODS: Our sample ( N = 837) was a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of non-Hispanic/Latino White (48%), Black (27%), and Hispanic/Latino (19%) participants from Northern California...

OBJECTIVE: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an etiologically nonspecific diagnosis including a broad spectrum of cognitive decline between normal aging and dementia. Several large-scale cohort studies have found sex effects on neuropsychological test performance in MCI. The primary aim of the current project was to examine sex differences in neuropsychological profiles in a clinically diagnosed MCI sample using clinical and research diagnostic criteria. METHOD: The current study includes archival data from 349 patients (age M = 74...

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OBJECTIVES: In the absence of a simple validated instrument to screen for cognitive impairment among illiterate Lebanese older adults, the aims of this study were to validate an Arabic version of the Test of Nine Images (A-TNI93) adapted by the Working Group on Dementia at Saint Joseph University: Groupe de Travail sur les Démences de l'Univesité Saint Joseph (GTD-USJ) for illiterate older Lebanese and to establish normative data. METHOD: A national population-based sample of 332 community-dwelling illiterate Lebanese aged 55 years and older was administered the A-TNI93 (GTD-USJ) scoring free and overall recall...

OBJECTIVE: The U.S. population is aging and increasing numbers of older adults are using cannabis. Cognitive decline is common in older age and subjective memory complaints (SMC) have been associated with increased risk for dementia. While residual cognitive effects of cannabis use at younger ages are well understood, the links between cannabis use and cognition in older adults is less clear. The present study represents the first population-level analysis of cannabis use and SMC in older adults in the U...

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) may help maintain brain structure and function in aging. Since the intensity of PA needed to effect cognition and cerebrovascular health remains unknown, we examined associations between PA and cognition, regional white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults. METHOD: Forty-three older adults without cognitive impairment underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment...

OBJECTIVE: A paucity of data exists regarding the duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) as a predictor of cognitive functioning among children after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study aimed to assess the relationship between PTA duration and areas of neurocognitive function among the pediatric population in the sub-acute phase of recovery and rehabilitation. METHODS: Data were collected from medical files on 103 children aged 5.5-16.5 hospitalized at a pediatric rehabilitation department with a diagnosis of moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) between the years 2004-2019...

OBJECTIVE: Stroke can cause cognitive impairment, which can lead to challenges returning to day-to-day activities. Knowing what factors are associated with cognitive impairment post-stroke can be useful for predicting outcomes and guiding rehabilitation. One such factor is gender: previous studies are inconclusive as to whether gender influences cognitive outcomes post-stroke. Accounting for key variables, we examined whether there are gender differences in cognitive outcomes after stroke...