Journal of the History of the Neurosciences

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Different models of emotional lateralization, advanced since the first clinical observations raised this issue, will be reviewed following their historical progression. The clinical investigations that have suggested a general dominance of the right hemisphere for all kinds of emotions and the experimental studies that have proposed a different hemispheric specialization for positive vs. negative emotions (valence hypothesis) or for approach vs. withdrawal tendencies (motivational hypothesis) will be reviewed first and extensively...

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This article highlights the major reflections of ancient Greek mythology in modern neuroscience. An analysis of ancient Greek texts and medical literature using the MeSH term mythology was performed to identify mythological references pertaining to neuroscience. The findings are discussed in relation to etymology, early conceptualization of the nervous system structure and function, incipient characterization of neuropsychiatric disease, and philosophical stance to the practice of medicine in ancient Greece...

Burt Green Wilder (1841-1925) was a pioneering naturalist and anatomist who is historically known for his brain collection and for his contributions to neuroanatomical nomenclature. During his 42-year career, Wilder also used brain measurements for education and outreach, especially in regard to issues of race and gender. Additionally, Wilder influenced neuroscience education and acted as a scientific liaison to the public. For example, he designed early implementations of the sheep brain dissections that are still being conducted today, as well as likely conducted the first "Brain Day...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In 1878, Dr. George Beard reported to other neurologists that in Maine there existed French-Canadian woodsmen who jumped when excited. Beard observed the phenomenon firsthand and his subsequent reports attracted the attention of Georges Gilles de la Tourette in France and other neurologists worldwide for a couple of decades. During the second half of the twentieth century, interest in the jumpers revived among neurologists, as some came forward with similar observations in different parts of Canada and the United States...

Adolph Louis Sahs (1906-1986) became chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Iowa in 1948 and retired in 1974. Through his academic neurology organizational skills, coordination of multicenter research on subarachnoid hemorrhage, and education of more than 50 neurologists, he helped bring the department to national and international prominence. Sahs was one of the founders of the American Academy of Neurology. He served as president of the Academy, the American Neurological Association, and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology...

When University of Minnesota neurology resident Joseph A. Resch complained to the department director, A. B. Baker, in 1946 about the lack of a professional neurological association open to young neurologists like himself, he set into motion a chain of events that culminated in the founding of the American Academy of Neurology in June of 1948. This provided a supportive professional organization for practicing neurologists as the traditional bond between neurology and psychiatry was broken during the postwar era...

American neurologist and epileptologist Francis M. Forster (1912-2006) was the last survivor of the "Four Horsemen," a nickname given to the four neurologists-Forster, Abe Baker, Russell DeJong, and Adolph Sahs-who were most instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology under Baker's leadership in 1948. Forster was a consulting physician for many high-profile patients, including President Dwight Eisenhower, President Quirino and Archbishop Reyes of the Philippines, Provisional President Lonardi of Argentina, and Cardinal Albert Meyer of Chicago...

After the gradual introduction of specialties in medicine in the United States during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) was founded in 1934 to provide specialty regulation (training oversight, examination, and certification). The name reflects the combined practice of psychiatry and neurology that was still present at the time. Directors were nominated by the founding organizations: American Psychiatry Association (APA), American Neurological Association (ANA), and the Section of Nervous and Mental Diseases of the American Medical Association (AMA)...

With few exceptions, neurology in Europe as well as in the United States emerged from internal medicine and psychiatry, and neurology and psychiatry in particular have long remained connected in clinical practice and teaching. When the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN, 1934) and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN, 1948) were founded, the emancipation of neurology as an independent specialty was still evolving. During the First International Neurological Congress (Berne, Switzerland, in September 1931), a special conference was organized on the "Relation of Neurology to General Medicine and Psychiatry in Universities and Hospitals of the Various Countries," at which representatives from several countries described the situation in their countries...

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Pearce Bailey (1902-1976) had an active career focused on the growth and development of neurology as a specialty in the post-World War II era. He was a founding member of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and its second president from 1951 to 1953. In 1951, he was also appointed as the first director of the National Institute for Neurological Diseases and Blindness (NINDB), which is now the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Known as an excellent politician, Bailey's role at the NINDB helped bolster the AAN in its early days...

"The Four Horsemen" was the nickname given to the four neurologists-Abraham Baker, Francis Forster, Russell DeJong, and Adolph Sahs-who were most instrumental in founding and developing the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) beginning around 1948. Forster later humorously added "and their nags" to the epithet to reflect the cohesion of the founders and their wives. This article presents the personal recollections of these founders from correspondence and oral histories. When the AAN was founded, private-practice neurologists and residents were excluded from the academically oriented and restrictive American Neurological Association (ANA)...

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Russell Nelson DeJong (1907-1990) became professor and chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Michigan in 1950. A prolific author with more than 200 publications, DeJong wrote on virtually all areas of neurology. DeJong's classic monograph, The Neurologic Examination (1950), grew into an encyclopedic volume from lectures he gave to junior and senior medical students; DeJong saw it through four editions. He was one of the founders of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), serving as its vice-president from 1961 to 1963 and as the first editor-in-chief of its journal, Neurology...

American neurologist and neuropathologist Abraham Bert (Abe) Baker (1908-1988) was instrumental in founding the American Academy of Neurology and served as a catalyst for the emergence of neurology as a strong, independent medical discipline in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century. Baker served as the first president of the Academy from 1948 to 1951. He was also instrumental in garnering support for the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, which was founded in 1950 and later evolved into the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke...