Academic Radiology

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Methods are needed to improve the detection of hepatic metastases. Errors occur in both lesion detection (search) and decisions of benign versus malignant (classification). Our purpose was to evaluate a training program to reduce search errors and classification errors in the detection of hepatic metastases in contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, we conducted a single-group prospective pretest-posttest study...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the feasibility and potential of using a second-generation prototype photon-counting computed tomography (CT) system to provide simultaneous high spatial resolution images and high spectral resolution material information across a range of routine imaging tasks using clinical patient exposure levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The photon-counting system employs an innovative silicon-based photon-counting detector to provide a balanced approach to ultra-high-resolution spectral CT imaging...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Ultra short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences have shown promise for airway assessment, but the feasibility and repeatability in the pediatric lung are unknown. The purpose of this work was to develop a semiautomated UTE MRI airway segmentation pipeline from the trachea-to-tertiary airways in pediatric participants and assess repeatability and lumen diameter correlations to lung function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 participants (n = 7 healthy, n = 11 cystic fibrosis, n = 6 asthma, and n = 5 ex-preterm), aged 7-18 years, were imaged using a 3D stack-of-spirals UTE examination at 3 T...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to create and verify a nomogram for preoperative prediction of Ki-67 expression in breast malignancy to assist in the development of personalized treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study received approval from the institutional review board and included a cohort of 197 patients with breast malignancy who were admitted to our hospital. Ki-67 expression was divided into two groups based on a 14% threshold: low and high...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is crucial for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases, but lengthy postprocessing and manual segmentation can lead to observer bias. Deep learning (DL) has been proposed for automated cardiac segmentation; however, its effectiveness is limited by the slice range selection from base to apex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we integrated an automated slice range classification step to identify basal to apical short-axis slices before DL-based segmentation...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between hemispheric synchrony in venous outflow at baseline and tissue fate after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A two-center retrospective analysis involving AIS patients who underwent MT was performed. The four cortical veins of interest include the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV), sphenoparietal sinus (SS), vein of Labbé (VOL), and vein of Trolard (VOT)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a model for predicting technological obsolescence of computed tomography (CT) equipment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline data consisted of various models of CT scanners that have been on the market since 1974 and represent a technological leap in CT. In documenting the CT scans, a principal component analysis was performed to reduce the number of variables. A Cox regression model was used to calculate the probability of a technology leap...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The sequencing of the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) genome identified several mutations with prognostic significance. Genomic analysis, collected in The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, revealed several clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) gene mutations and gene expressions. Radiogenomics is a new branch of diagnostic imaging based on the association between imaging phenotypes and genomics of diseases. P4HA3 expression has recently been shown to correlate with increased aggressiveness of ccRCC, with poor prognosis, proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastases, suggesting P4HA3 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in ccRCC...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical outcomes of yttrium-90 (Y90) transarterial radioembolization (TARE) for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through the evaluation of a 5-year institutional experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 88 consecutive patients with primary HCC receiving Y90 TARE treatment at an academic medical center from 2017 to 2021. Disease distribution was bilobar in 60.2% of patients with an average lesion diameter of 5...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the optimal virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) energy level and the potential of contrast-media (CM) reduction for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved study, patients who underwent CCTA with dual-source PCD-CT with an identical scan protocol and radiation dose were included. In group 1, CCTA was performed with our standard CM protocol (volume: 72-85...

Radiologic technologists are an integral part of the function of the radiology department and are at risk of burnout with increasing volumes and demands. Integration of the technologists into departmental wellness efforts may prove to be important to technologist retention and job satisfaction. We describe a single institution's efforts to support the technologists in our department, which started as a spontaneous thank you note drive and has grown into an annual effort to celebrate National Radiologic Technology Week and a broader inclusion of the technologists in departmental wellness...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: A significant complication of endovascular treatment (EVT) is hemorrhagic transformation (HT), which can worsen the outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of venous collateral circulation on HT in patients with AIS undergoing EVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 126 patients with AIS who received EVT. The four-dimensional computed tomography angiography-based venous collateral score (4D-VCS) and arterial collateral circulation score (4D-ACS) were used to assess venous and arterial collaterals, respectively...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of different computed tomography (CT) reconstruction kernels on the quantification of interstitial lung disease (ILD) has not been clearly demonstrated. The study aimed to investigate the effect of reconstruction kernels on the quantification of ILD on CT and determine whether deep learning-based kernel conversion can reduce the variability of automated quantification results between different CT kernels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with ILD or interstitial lung abnormality who underwent noncontrast high-resolution CT between June 2022 and September 2022 were retrospectively included...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS) has introduced the term "diffuse" and its counterpart "circumscribed" to the category of gliomas. This study aimed to develop and validate models for distinguishing circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (CAGs) from diffuse gliomas (DGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from patients with CAGs and DGs across three institutions...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Marked liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, and significant fibrosis are risk factors for unfavorable outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, the diagnostic performance of attenuation coefficient (AC), liver stiffness (LS), and dispersion slope (DS) was evaluated separately and combined in the diagnosis of liver steatosis and fibrosis in NAFLD suspects using biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference standard...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact on acquisition time reduction and image quality of a deep learning (DL) reconstruction for accelerated diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the pelvis at 1.5 T compared to standard DWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 55 patients (mean age, 61 ± 13 years; range, 27-89; 20 men, 35 women) were consecutively included in this retrospective, monocentric study between February and November 2022. Inclusion criteria were (1) standard DWI (DWIS ) in clinically indicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis is primarily diagnosed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); yet, DXA is significantly underutilized, causing osteoporosis, an underdiagnosed condition. We aimed to provide an opportunistic approach to screen for osteoporosis using artificial intelligence based on lumbar spine X-ray radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, female patients aged ≥50 years who received both X-ray scans and DXA of the lumbar vertebrae, in three centers, were included...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Overlapping parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs render challenges in the clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). The neuroimaging pattern is valuable to understand its pathophysiology and improve its diagnostic effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively obtained magnetic resonance imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging in patients with MSA (including parkinsonian type [MSA-P] and cerebellar type [MSA-C]), Parkinson's disease, and normal controls...