Academic Radiology

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlation between the tumor dissemination characteristic at 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) images and the outcome of first-line systemic therapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current retrospective study included 101 NSCLC patients receiving first-line systemic therapy with baseline 18 F-FDG PET/CT images available...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The number of international medical graduates (IMG) in radiology residencies has varied from year to year even as the number of candidates continues to grow. It is unclear from which countries the IMGs are arriving and what visas are being used to accommodate them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We sent a survey to 195 program directors (PD) in diagnostic radiology (DR) inquiring about the number and nationality of IMG residents in their program, their attitudes about IMG candidates, the performance of their IMG trainees, and the visas that are offered...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) in computed tomography (CT)-imaging of oral and oropharyngeal cancers when obscured by dental hardware artifacts and to determine the most appropriate iMAR settings for this purpose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study retrospectively enrolled 27 patients (8 female, 19 male; mean age 64±12.7years) with histologically confirmed oral or oropharyngeal cancer obscured by dental artifacts in contrast-enhanced CT...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and complications of ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the hepatocaval confluence with those of HCC in the non-hepatocaval confluence and to explore the risk factors that lead to radiofrequency ablation failure and patient local tumor progression (LTP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2017 to January 2022, 86 patients with HCC in the hepatocaval confluence who had radiofrequency ablation were included...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the value of radiomics and diameter% based on pre- and early-treatment dynamic enhanced MR (DCE-MRI) of the breast in predicting response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in breast cancer and to construct a tool for early noninvasive prediction of NAT outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data of 142 patients with primary invasive breast cancer who underwent DCE-MRI before and after two cycles of NAT at our institution...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of low contrast volume (LCV) chest CT performed with multiple contrast agents on multivendor CT with varying scanning techniques. METHODS: The study included 361 patients (65 ± 15 years; M: F 173:188) who underwent LCV chest CT on one of the six 64-256 detector-row CT scanners using single-energy (SECT) or dual-energy (DECT) modes. All patients were scanned with either a fixed-LCV (LCVf, n = 103) or weight-based LCV (LCVw, n = 258) protocol...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) from photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) on the enhancement and classification of renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults with renal cysts (≥7 mm) who received a triphasic examination on a clinical PCD-CT (120 kVp; IQ level 68) between July 2021 and March 2022 were retrospectively identified. Only non-enhancing cysts (enhancement<10 HU between unenhanced and venous phase at 70 keV) were included...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the feasibility of integrating radiomics and morphological features based on computed tomography enterography (CTE) for developing a noninvasive grading model for mucosal activity and surgery risk of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. METHODS: A total of 167 patients from three centers were enrolled. Radiomics and image morphological features were extracted to quantify segmental and global simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Post-TAVR persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a better predictor of poor outcome than pre-TAVR PH. In this longitudinal study we sought to evaluate whether pulmonary artery (distensibility (DPA ) measured on preprocedural ECG-gated CTA is associated with persistent-PH and 2-year mortality after TAVR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-six patients undergoing TAVR between July 2012 and March 2016 were retrospectively included and followed for all-cause mortality until November 2017...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To validate the educational value of a newly created learning application in enhancing prostate MRI training of radiologists for detecting prostate cancer using an observer study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An interactive learning app, LearnRadiology, was developed using a web-based framework to display multi-parametric prostate MRI images with whole-mount histology for 20 cases curated for unique pathology and teaching points. Twenty new prostate MRI cases, different from the ones used in the web app, were uploaded on 3D Slicer...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the renal pressure-flow relationship and its relation to renin release, because the renal perfusion pressure below which renal flow starts to decline and renin secretion is upregulated is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A porcine model of graded unilateral renal artery stenosis was created. The severity of the stenosis was expressed as the ratio between distal renal pressure (Pd ) and aortic pressure (Pa ). Pd and renal flow velocity were continuously measured using a combined pressure-flow wire (Combowire®)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) render a substantial promise for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status prediction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to evaluate the performance and quality of AI algorithms that use radiomics features in predicting EGFR mutation status in patient with NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Web of Science, and IEEExplore for studies published up to February 28, 2022...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous treatment in cystic echinococcosis (CE) type 1 and 3a giant cysts (with at least one diameter>10 cm) according to the World Health Organization classification and to evaluate the management of complications, especially cystobiliary fistulas (CBFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 66 patients with 68 CE1 and CE3a giant cysts treated with percutaneous catheterization between January 2016 and December 2021...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the targeting accuracy of laser-guided punctures in combination with an aiming device for computed tomography (CT) interventions during in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 600 CT-guided punctures were performed using a laser target system, half of them with the additional help of an aiming device. Conically shaped targets in a plexiglass phantom were punctured. The planning CT data sets were acquired with 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mm slice thickness...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop an end-to-end deep learning (DL) model for non-invasively predicting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathological subtypes based on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images, and to explore the potential value of DL technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT images of 189 patients with NSCLC were retrospectively collected. The whole cohort was randomly divided into a training cohort, a validation cohort, and an internal/extended test cohort at the ratio of 6:2:2 after preprocessing the images...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the diagnostic value of radiomics features and dual-source dual-energy CT (DECT) based material decomposition in differentiating low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 32 patients (16 males, mean age 66 ± 14 years) with pathologically confirmed thymic masses who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT between 10/2014 and 01/2023. Two experienced readers evaluated all patients regarding conventional radiomics features, as well as DECT-based features, including attenuation (HU), iodine density (mg/mL), and fat fraction (%)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate single-institution outcomes of drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in the treatment of locally advanced neuroendocrine tumor (NET) hepatic metastases with a focus on safety and efficacy of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study of the outcomes of consecutive patients with NELM who underwent DEB-TACE between 2014 and 2019 was performed. Clinicopathologic characteristics, radiologic response (modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) at 1-month follow-up, adverse events, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival were calculated...