Ophthalmic Epidemiology

PURPOSE: Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is largely used as the first course of action to treat primary angle-closure (PAC). Previous literature has long been divided on the relationship between iridotomy position and dysphotopsia onset. The current study investigates whether there is a correlation between iridotomy position, temporal versus superior, and new onset post-operative dysphotopsia rates. METHODS: The project involves a retrospective chart review of 2,385 lasered eyes...

PURPOSE: Associations between age at menarche and myopia have been observed in studies that included older women. Furthermore, pregnancy-related hormone surges in young women are associated with short-term changes in refractive error, although the long-term effects are less known. This study explored associations of age at menarche and parity with refractive error and ocular biometry in young women, and the relationship between age at menarche and refractive error in middle-aged adults for comparison...

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PURPOSE: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of ocular adnexaltumors in Olmsted County, Minnesota. METHODS: Retrospective population-based cohort study of all patients residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed with any ocular tumor from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015. The medical records of all patients with an incident diagnosis of any ocular adnexal tumor were reviewed using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical record linkage system for patient demographics, tumor type, and histopathologic confirmation...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the frequency of cataract surgery in Brazil between 2010 and 2019 and determine the impact of public policies on preventing blindness, thereby providing evidence to conduct healthcare programs. METHODS: An analytical epidemiological approach was employed, which used data from public databases, specifically the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) and the Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS). We focused on cataract surgeries conducted via phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction techniques between 2010 and 2019, mainly targeting senile cataracts within the Brazilian public health system...

PURPOSES: To determine the relationship between carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and the development of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the Taiwanese population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using Chang Gung Research Database. Cox-proportional hazards model was applied to calculate the hazard ratio for OAG between CAS and the control cohort. RESULTS: Among 19,590 CAS patients, 17,238 had mild CAS (<50%), 1,895 had moderate CAS (50-69%), and 457 had severe CAS (≥70%)...

PURPOSE: With the expansion of neonatal care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an increasing number of premature babies are at risk to develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous studies have quantified the cost-effectiveness of addressing ROP in middle-income countries, but few have focused on SSA. This study estimates the cost of a national program for ROP screening and anti-VEGF injection treatment in Rwanda compared to the status quo. METHODS: Medical cost data were collected from King Faisal Hospital in Rwanda (July 2022)...

BACKGROUND: In the US, routine vision care and medical services are often covered by separate insurance plans. Unmet needs for vision care are more common among adults with gaps in medical coverage, but it is unclear how gaps in medical coverage correlate with lack of vision benefits among currently insured adults. We hypothesized that gaps in medical coverage in the past 12 months would be associated with lack of coverage for vision care among US adults currently covered by commercial medical insurance...

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention in ophthalmology. This paper reviews, classifies, and summarizes the research literature in this field and aims to provide readers with a detailed understanding of the current status and future directions, laying a solid foundation for further research and decision-making. METHODS: Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package Bibliometrix...

PURPOSE: Although the rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR)-related blindness has decreased in developed countries in recent years, the reasons for this decrease have remained unclear. The prevalence/severity trends of DR at the first visit in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients seen between the1986s and 2018s were assessed. METHODS: A total of 1979 Japanese T2DM patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2018 were divided into four groups by the decade of their first visit: the 1986 years (1986-1987), the 1996 years (1996-1997), the 2006 years (2006-2008), the 2016 years (2016-2018)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and postoperative mortality. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients who underwent cataract surgery at our institution from 2014 to 2020 was conducted. Intraoperative complications included choroidal hemorrhage, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, retained lens, and/or severe zonular dialysis in either eye. All-cause mortality statistics were obtained through a collaborative agreement with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed vision problems and to examine the association of single and multiple chronic conditions with vision problems among middle-aged and older adults in India. METHODS: The study utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1, (2017-18). Descriptive statistics along with bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to achieve the study objectives. RESULTS: The prevalence of diagnosed vision problems in the sampled population was 48...

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of ophthalmic surgical emergencies during shelter-in-place (SIP) order with the corresponding period in 2019. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study compared patients presenting to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) emergency department (ED) who underwent urgent surgery during the SIP period (March 23-May 17, 2020), compared to the same weeks in 2019 (non-SIP). Main outcome measures included symptom-to-ED time, ED-to-surgical decision time, surgical decision-to-operating room (OR) time, ED-to-OR time, and postoperative follow-up time...

PURPOSE: To explore potential risk factors for the development of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) over a two-year intensive follow-up period. METHODS: This study reviewed 1545 patients with CRVO between 2005 and 2019 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Inclusion was restricted to (1) patients with acute CRVO within 3 months; (2) patients with ocular neovascularization at initial presentation (3) patients had not received any treatment at the time of CRVO; (4) at least bimonthly follow-up schedule over the course of 2 years...

PURPOSE: This retrospective observational study of health claims data seeks to quantify the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DR screening rates in central Massachusetts. METHODS: Retrospective claims data from the UMass Memorial Managed Care Network were collected for the years of 2018-2022. Comprehensive and DR screening exams were identified using CPT codes for patients with diabetes. Data were derived from claims submitted by the UMass Memorial Managed Care network to four insurance programs via CPT billing code for comprehensive and DR screening exams for patients with diabetes...

PURPOSE: To explore patient and surgeon characteristics for open globe injury repairs (OGRs) and rates of subsequent operations. METHODS: Using a retrospective cohort design, eyes of patients ≥18 years who underwent OGR among 100% Medicare Fee-For-Service dataset from 2011 to 2020 were included. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) codes were used to identify OGR. Patient characteristics were reported, and surgeon characteristics were stratified by sex and compared using Chi-square and Student's t-test...

PURPOSE: Traumatic globe injury is classified into closed-globe and open-globe injury (OGI); OGI leads to a worse prognosis. We aimed to identify causative activities and prognostic factors of OGI in a metropolitan city in South Korea. METHODS: This retrospective observational study used a prospective eye-injury registry conducted in Daegu, South Korea, between 1 August 2016 and 31 July 2021. We identified epidemiology and visual outcomes of OGI at four tertiary hospitals...

PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological patterns, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes of conjunctival malignancies in Germany between 2009 and 2019. METHODS: A total of 1,532 cases were analyzed, with the crude incidence rate calculated. The survival rates were investigated using life tables and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate was 1.7 per million. Incidence rates varied across age groups, peaking in the 75+ age group...

PURPOSE: Amidst the global aging population and an increasing prevalence of visual impairment across all age groups, this study aims to investigate the current state of research on sleep health in visually impaired populations. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on sleep health and visual impairment. We employed conceptual mapping to identify key research topics, analyzing data from four databases: PubMed ( n  = 290), CINAHL ( n  = 81), Scopus ( n  = 117), and PsycInfo ( n  = 96)...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship between near work hours and myopia in Korean adults. METHODS: We used data from the 2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations between near work time, physical activity, and myopia were assessed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of myopia was 60.2% in adults aged 19-59 years. The prevalence of myopia was 46...