Endocrine

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with a high triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index during early pregnancy may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and dietary fiber could play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, no trials have tested the effects of dietary fiber on preventing GDM in women with a high TyG index. This study aims to investigate whether GDM can be prevented by dietary fiber supplementation in women with a TyG index ≥8.5 during early pregnancy (<20 weeks)...

OBJECTIVES: Despite the presumed overdiagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) which has resulted in a new trend toward less-extensive surgery and a preference for active surveillance, the impact of microscopic extrathyroidal extension (mETE) on the clinical outcomes of PTMC is still controversial. This study assessed the impact of mETE on the clinical outcomes of patients with classic subtype PTMC. METHODS: The data of consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy and were histopathologically diagnosed as classic subtype PTMC were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between gut microbiota and hypothyroidism. METHODS: Summary statistics for 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. Summary statistics for hypothyroidism were obtained from two distinct sources: the FinnGen consortium R9 release data (40,926 cases and 274,069 controls) and the UK Biobank data (22,687 cases and 440,246 controls), respectively...

BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity has been associated with an increased risk of critical illness in COVID-19 patients. However, if it also associates to a poor survival is still not well established. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and COVID-19 mortality. METHODS: In this six-month longitudinal cohort study, abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) were measured by computed tomography in a cohort of 174 patients admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of COVID-19, during the first wave of pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is defined as excess adipose tissue causing a deterioration in health, but diagnosing the causes and deciding on treatment can be challenging. Several randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) have demonstrated the effectiveness of semaglutide as a treatment for obesity. This study investigated the clinical response to semaglutide as a weight loss treatment in a real-world setting. METHODS: This observational study investigated the response to injectable semaglutide in the first 3 months during the dose titration phase up to 1 mg...

PURPOSE: To understand the pathophysiology of idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) better, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), hormones, and bone turnover markers (BTMs) between IOP patients and healthy controls. METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an appropriate search query was created, and three databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, were searched for screening relevant original articles...

OBJECTIVE: Non-obese type 2 diabetes seems to be common in India; hence the current study tried to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in this group focusing on the role of adipocytes especially abdominal fat compartment. Comparison was made between non-obese subjects with newly detected diabetes and those without diabetes, in relation to levels of adipogenic factor and adipokines in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS: Non-obese subjects (BMI-18-25 Kg/m2 ) were consecutively selected of whom 15 had newly-detected, treatment naïve type 2 diabetes (HbA1% ≥6...

Secondary diabetes mellitus (DM) in secretory pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) is encountered in up to 50% of cases, with its presentation ranging from mild, insulin resistant forms to profound insulin deficiency states, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. PPGLs represent hypermetabolic states, in which adrenaline and noradrenaline induce insulin resistance in target tissues characterized by aerobic glycolysis, excessive lipolysis, altered adipokine expression, subclinical inflammation, as well as enhanced gluconeogenesis and glucogenolysis...

OBJECTIVE: CEL-related maturity-onset diabetes of the young (CEL-MODY, MODY8) is a special type of monogenetic diabetes caused by mutations in the carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) gene. This study aimed to summarize the genetic and clinical characteristics of CEL-MODY patients and to determine the prevalence of the disease among Chinese patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD). METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature associated with CEL-MODY in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data to analyze the features of patients with CEL-MODY...

PURPOSE: Teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease has a known hyperglycemic adverse effect through its impact on the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor. While most cases are mild and easily managed by adjusting diabetes medications, it appears some patients have a more dramatic response. The purpose of this case report is to highlight an example of rapidly declining glycemic control and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes after starting teprotumumab for thyroid eye disease...

BACKGROUND: Reoperation for recurrent or persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) after parathyroidectomy is challenging due to surgical scars and postoperative adhesions. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop a new minimally invasive therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with recurrent or persistent SHPT after parathyroidectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2013 to January 2022, 20 enlarged parathyroid glands in 10 patients with recurrent or persistent SHPT were treated with US-guided RFA...

PURPOSE: The relationship between dietary protein intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains inconsistent and unclear. Here, we examined the correlation between the various sources of protein intake among Chinese pregnant women and GDM. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1060 pregnant women at 6-13+6 weeks of gestation from Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, South China. The participants' intake of dietary protein was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire during the early trimester...

OBJECTIVE: To establish a prediction model for preoperatively predicting grade 1 and grade 2/3 tumors in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) based on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT. METHODS: Clinical data of 41 patients with PNETs were included in this study. According to the pathological results, they were divided into grade 1 and grade 2/3. 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT images were collected within one month before surgery. The clinical risk factors and significant radiological features were filtered, and a clinical predictive model based on these clinical and radiological features was established...

PURPOSE: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have a variable prognosis, and the development of more effective treatment strategies is an important research topic. Overall survival (OS) is the gold standard for research endpoints in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but observing an OS benefit requires the inclusion of a large number of patients and a long follow-up period. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether progression-free survival (PFS) could be used as a surrogate endpoint for OS in locally advanced or metastatic DTC clinical trials...

PURPOSE: SARS-CoV-2 infection may be limited to the respiratory tract or may spread to multiple organs. Besides disease severity, factors associated with virus spread within the host are elusive. Here, we tried to identify features associated with SARS-CoV-2 spread to endocrine organs. METHODS: In a retrospective autoptic cohort of 51 subjects who died because of COVID-19, we analyzed the severity and type of lung pathology, patients' features and the detection of virus in thyroid, testis, adrenal gland, pancreas, anterior pituitary, and the white adipose tissue (WAT)...

PURPOSE: The 2015 American Thyroid Association risk stratification system (2015-RSS) is used to assess the tumor recurrence rate and guide the initial treatment. At the current moment, patients with one or multiple intermediate risk factors (IRF) have the same treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the number of IRF characteristics on tumor persistence or recurrence rates. METHODS: Patients with intermediate risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) were selected and analyzed, furthermore, they were divided into two subgroups, one with 1-2 IRF and another with ≥3 IRF...

BACKGROUND: We pilot-tested an encounter conversation aid to support shared decision making (SDM) between patients with thyroid nodules and their clinicians. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the clinician feedback after providing care to patients with thyroid nodules using a tool to promote SDM conversations during the clinical encounter, and evaluate how clinicians used the tool during the visit. METHODS: Mixed method study in two academic centers in the U...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of glucose variability on the relationship between the GRI and other glycemic metrics in a cohort of pediatric and adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittent scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM). METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 202 patients with T1D under intensive insulin treatment (25.2% CSII) using isCGM. Clinical, metabolic, and glycemic metrics were collected, and the GRI was calculated with its hypoglycemia (CHypo) and hyperglycemia (CHyper) components...

PURPOSE: To assess the prospective association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and incidence of thyroid disorders by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to February 22, 2023. Publications from prospective studies were included if they provided data on baseline MetS status or one of its components and assessed the incidence of thyroid disorders over time...

BACKGROUND: Accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is always seen in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon by establishing a mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy (OVX)-mimicked estrogen deficiency. METHODS: Micro-CT, osmium tetroxide staining, and histological analyses were performed to examine the changes in bone microstructure, BMAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) in OVX mice compared to sham mice...