Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic neuroimaging plays an essential role in guiding clinical decision-making in the management of patients with cerebral aneurysms. Imaging technologies for investigating cerebral aneurysms constantly evolve, and clinicians rely on the published literature to remain up to date. Reporting guidelines have been developed to standardise and strengthen the reporting of clinical evidence. Therefore, it is essential that radiological diagnostic accuracy studies adhere to such guidelines to ensure completeness of reporting...

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries a high mortality rate, with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hemodialysis being risk factors for early mortality. However, the role of admission serum creatinine in ICH prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between admission serum creatinine levels and short-term ICH prognosis in non-hemodialysis-dependent patients. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed 296 adult patients admitted with spontaneous supratentorial ICH...

BACKGROUND: Cystic vestibular schwannoma (CVS) traditionally considered as poor responder to gammaknife radiosurgery (GKRS). Their longterm radiobiological behavior is less known. Here we discuss 38 cases with intra tumoral cyst CVS primarily treated with GKRS. Tumor morphology was assessed to understand their response to GKRS. METHODS: Total 38 patients(21 male and 17 female with median age of 41.7 years) of CVS treated with GKRS were retrospectively analysed...

Drooling represents a common and noteworthy symptom in patients with intractable neuromuscular disease (IND) and cerebral palsy (CP) and can lead to poor quality of life (QOL) and higher incidence of death due to aspiration of saliva. Identifying the factors affecting drooling is crucial to improving QOL and improving the poor prognosis of patients with IND and CP. This study sought to assess the prevalence of drooling and to elucidate the associated factors, drugs, and differences between patients with IND and CP...

OBJECTIVE: Early (within 72 h) tumor-related hemorrhage (TRH) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of brain metastases (BM) has been reported only occasionally. Systematic review of such cases was done. METHODS: Literature search was performed through PubMed according to PRISMA guidelines using combination of the following medical subject headings: "hemorrhage," "stereotactic radiosurgery," and "brain metastasis." RESULTS: In total, 7 case reports and 8 clinical series, which noted early TRH after SRS of BM were identified...

Overall survival (OS)for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has a known association with the extent of tumor resection with gross total resection (GTR) typically considered as the upper limit. In certain regions such as the anterior temporal lobe, more extensive resection by means of a lobectomy may be feasible. In our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the outcomes of lobectomy and GTR for GBM. PubMed and Embase were queriedfor studies that compared the outcomes after lobectomy or GTR for GBM...

BACKGROUND: Microvascular decompression (MVD) is effective for refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but its accessibility is often limited in lower-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to assess the impact of implementing a single-surgeon policy on MVD for TN in LMICs. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from 2014 to 2020, comparing outcomes between multi-surgeon and single-surgeon policies. Residents were included in MVD procedures starting in 2019...

BACKGROUND: The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification has been widely used to assess ischemic stroke patients based on clinical characteristics alone. However, the correlation between the clinical presentation evaluated using OCSP and imaging findings is yet to be determined. Our study aimed to describe the baseline characteristics of the OCSP subtypes of patients admitted with ischemic stroke and evaluate the predictors of the relationship between clinical and neuroimaging findings...

PURPOSE: There are three major changes in the new definition of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) compared with the traditional definition: (1) onset prior to 18 years, (2) must include tonic seizure, (3) generalized slow spike-waves (SSW) and (instead of or) generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA) on electroencephalography (EEG). We investigated the practical implications and potential limitations of the new LGS definition based on a large cohort of patients in an exploratory study...

The diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and early identification of patients who have persistent symptoms remains challenging. Symptoms are variably reported, and tests for cognitive impairment require specific expertise. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of plasma micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) biomarkers to distinguish between patients with mTBI and healthy controls. A secondary aim was to assess whether miRNA biomarker levels on the day of injury could predict persistent symptoms on day 7...

BACKGROUND: Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a marker of secondary brain injury in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with increased inflammatory markers and neurological disability. This study aims to assess the effect of the neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on PHE measurements and functional status in patients with ICH. METHODS: We included 215 patients with primary ICH and the primary outcomes were absolute and relative PHE, and edema extension distance (EED)...

BACKGROUND: Microcatheter shaping plays a vital role in coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms, while the complicated method and insufficient training opportunities make it difficult for junior neurovascular clinicians to master this technique. In this program, we constructed a novel training method and assessment system for microcatheter shaping in coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms with 3D technique, and evaluated its efficacy for microcatheter shaping training in junior neurovascular clinicians...

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion into the abdominal cavity had been done for decades via an open approach. Recently, the laparoscopic insertion of the peritoneal portion of the shunt has become an option. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes between these two approaches. We performed a single institution retrospective review of 104 consecutive adult patients between 2015 and 2017. Patients had peritoneal catheters placed either via an open approach by the neurosurgical team, or laparoscopically by general surgeons...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the rates of positive screening for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults with seizures [i.e., focal epilepsy vs. idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) vs. functional seizures (FS)]. We hypothesized that the rates of positive screening for ADHD are different between these three groups of patients. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study. Patients, 19 to 55 years of age, with a diagnosis of IGE, focal epilepsy or FS were investigated at the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from September 2022 until January 2023 and during their follow-up visits...

Migraine headaches and obesity are both prevalent disorders, resulting in a high socioeconomic burden. To better understand the relationship between obesity and migraine, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between migraine severity, metabolic syndrome and estrogen-associated variables. A retrospective analysis of adult patients with refractory migraine seen by our senior author (J.E.J.) was performed. Patient demographics and migraine characteristics, including migraine intensity, duration, and number of headaches per month were collected from medical records...

BACKGROUND: Visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is traditionally regarded as an unreliable evoked potential monitoring technique, precluding widespread use in intracranial neurosurgery. However, VEPs can serve as a useful intraoperative adjunct for real-time detection of mechanical damage to optic apparatuses. The low obtainability and prognostic utility of VEPs are associated with transcranial recording, which typically provides non-focal information and poor signal-to-noise ratio...

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BACKGROUND: Benign Nerve sheath tumors (NST) comprise almost one-third of primary spinal tumours. The majority are sporadic. They have low rates of recurrence but an occasional recurrence may need re-surgery. The present study was designed to identify the variables that can predict the risk of their recurrence. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done including all the histologically proven benign spinal NSTs operated between 2001 and 2019 in our institute...

BACKGROUND: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common conditions encountered in neurosurgical practice. After surgery, the patients often improve dramatically; but their long-term outcome is more uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of outcome 6 months after surgery. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected on patients in Orebro County, Sweden, who had undergone surgery for CSDH at the Orebro University Hospital between 2013 and 2019...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide being associated with significant social and economic burden. The best sedative regimen in TBI patients is yet to be identified. This study was designed to determine the effects of dexmedotomdine hydrochloride (Percedex®, DEX) on functional outcome of patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This was a retrospective cohort study including patients with severe (3-8) and moderate (9-13) TBI referring to a level I trauma center...