Canadian Respiratory Journal : Journal of the Canadian Thoracic Society

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), which is reported to be a newly discovered, novel α -2 adrenoceptor agonist, is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in several diseases. DEX regulates inflammation-related signaling pathways and genes through interactions with several miRNAs. This study verified that expression levels of miR-140-3p were diminished when alveolar type II cells were exposed to LPS. However, the levels of miR-140-3p were confirmed as showing an increase with DEX treatment. These observations revealed that the expression of miR-140-3p was related to the beneficial effects that accompanied the DEX treatment of LPS-induced ALI...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) on the polarization of macrophages to M1 and M2 phenotypes and their potential mechanism. METHODS: PSPs samples were prepared through water extraction and alcohol precipitation assay. The properties of PSPs were identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, FT-IR, and NMR assay. Then, the effects of PSPs on mouse macrophage RAW264.7 viability were measured by CCK-8 assay...

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality and most ARDS patients require ventilatory support. Applying appropriate ventilation strategies based on patients' individual situations has a direct impact upon patients' outcome. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict the early requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline NLR and IMV in ARDS...

Rev-Erb α is a nuclear heme receptor, transcriptional repressor, and critical component of the molecular clock that drives daily rhythms of metabolism. However, the roles of Rev-Erb α in acute lung injury (ALI) remain unclarified. Hence, the effect of Rev-Erb α on lung injury of sepsis mice is investigated here. The mice sepsis model is established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in both RAW246...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Strategies involving multidimensional approaches for the treatment of COPD are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of medical consortium-based management for COPD. Patients were grouped in accordance with whether the hospitals they went to were under the medical consortium. We enrolled 141 COPD patients in the management group and 147 COPD patients in the control group. There was no predetermined sex and disease severity inclusion or exclusion criteria...

Purpose: To explore the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgery. Patients and Methods . Between 2014 and 2016, a total of 190 patients with postoperative pathology of stage I NSCLC who underwent radical surgery at Nanjing Chest Hospital were studied. Clinical data were analyzed and classified into low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk groups based on independent risk factors to assess the prognosis...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory insufficiency is one of the main causes of death in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Although there is general consensus that these patients have a restrictive ventilatory pattern, hypoventilation, chronic hypercapnia, and sleep disturbances, the prevalence of respiratory disease and indication for the effects of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) need to be further explored. OBJECTIVES: To describe respiratory function and need for NIV at baseline and over time in a cohort of adult patients with DM1...

Background: Many researches revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) function as potential oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. As an antioncogene, miR-877-5p was reduced in many tumors. Objective: This research aimed to explore the biological role and mechanisms of miR-877-5p, which may help patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) find effective therapeutic targets. Methods: The downstream targets of miR-877-5p were predicted by Bioinformatics software...

Background: Last two decades, many association studies on genetic variants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk have been published. But results from different studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this article to systematically evaluate results from previous meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Material and Methods . Firstly, we retrieved meta-analyses in PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure and GWASs in PubMed and GWAS catalog on or before April 7th, 2022...

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease. Progression is further exacerbated by the coexistence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aim to construct a diagnostic nomogram for predicting the risk of coexisting CVD and a prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term survival in COPD. Methods: The 540 eligible participants selected from the NHANES 2005-2010 were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a diagnostic nomogram for the diagnosis of coexisting CVD in COPD...

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality due to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment approaches. Objective: To assess the performance of the CORB score in subjects with CAP for predicting in-hospital mortality, death within 30 days of admission, and requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and vasopressor support. Methods: A retrospective, cohort study with diagnostic test analysis of CORB and CURB-65 scores in subjects with CAP according to ATS criteria was undertaken...

Introduction: Mucormycosis is a rare, invasive disease caused by opportunistic pathogens related to the Mucorales order with high fatality rates in immunocompromised hosts, especially in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in recipients of allo-HSCT remains challenging. Purpose: The aim of this study is to summarize and analyze the clinical features of pulmonary mucormycosis in recipients of allo-HSCT to explore further clinical research directions for this rare fungal infection in the particular populations...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on clinicopathologic findings accompanied by the formation of granulomas in multiple organs, including the lung. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) are traditionally used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, specific diagnostic markers remain to be determined. In the current study, we found that serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were elevated in patients with sarcoidosis...

BACKGROUND: There is no accurate radiological measurement to estimate the severity of pediatrics acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). We validated the effectiveness of an adult radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE) score in PARDS. AIM: To assess the severity and prognosis of PARDS based on a chest radiograph (CXR) RALE scoring method. METHODS: Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) criteria were used to diagnose PARDS...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) often lead to high mortality. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma physiology score (CAPS) is a simple clinical severity score. The aim of this study was to explore whether CAPS could be an effective predictor for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in AECOPD patients. Methods . We used CAPS to grade all patients and record their clinical characteristics. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off of CAPS that discriminated survivors and non-survivors...

Silicosis is a global problem, and it has brought about great burdens to society and patients' families. The etiology of silicosis is clear, preventable, and controllable, but the onset is hidden and the duration is long. Thus, it is difficult to diagnose it early and treat it effectively, leaving workers unaware of the consequences of dust exposure. As such, a lack of details in the work history and a slow progression of lung disease contribute to the deterioration of patients until silicosis has advanced to fibrosis...

Introduction: Smoking cessation integration within lung cancer screening programs is challenging. Currently, phone counselling is available across Canada for individuals referred by healthcare workers and by self-referral. We compared quit rates after phone counselling interventions between participants who self-refer, those referred by healthcare workers, and those referred by a lung cancer screening program. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of participants referred to provincial smoking cessation quit line in contemporaneous cohorts: self-referred participants, healthcare worker referred, and those referred by a lung cancer screening program if they were still actively smoking at the time of first contact...

Background: Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is a complex formed by the binding of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin in blood. Higher COHb levels have been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of pulmonary disorders. However, little is known regarding the prognostic significance of COHb among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. Methods: In a retrospective study, we evaluated associations of venous COHb levels on hospital admission with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, in-hospital mortality, and rehospitalization, among 300 patients hospitalized for COPD exacerbation in internal medical wards...

Berberine (Ber) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has shown therapeutic potential in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the therapeutic efficiency of Ber is restricted by its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Chitosan and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have demonstrated great abilities as delivery systems in enhancing the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. The present study aimed to get together the biological features of SLNs with the advantages of chitosan to formulate an efficient nano-carrier platform for the oral delivery of Ber and evaluate the therapeutic effect of the prepared Ber-encapsulated nanoparticles on airway inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD rats...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) in the serum of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and its correlation with lipid metabolism. Methods: 99 inpatients with NSCLC and 81 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The levels of serum sLOX-1 were compared between the two groups, and the correlation of sLOX-1 with clinicopathological characteristics, blood lipid indices, and carcinoembryonic antigen was analyzed...