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Journals Artificial Cells, Blood Substi...

Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/22409282/optical-manipulation-of-nano-micro-needle-array-for-large-volume-molecular-diagnosis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M S Aziz, M A Jalil, N Suwanpayak, J Ali, P P Yupapin
Optical vorticesare generated and controlled to form trapping tools in the same way as optical tweezers. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required atoms/molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for atoms/molecules storage and transportation based on methods that have been proposed to deliver drugs into cells for specific diagnosis...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22409278/preparation-of-molecular-imprinted-hydrophobic-polymeric-nanoparticles-having-structural-memories-for-lysozyme-recognition
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Emin Çorman, Sinan Akgöl
This study is related to the preparation of lysozyme-imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-tyroptophan methylester) [nano-MIP] nanoparticles for purification of lysozyme. Nano-MIP particles were found to be 261 nm in diameter with a surface area of 1648 m(2)/g. According to the elemental analysis results, the particles contained 0.85 μmol MATrp/g polymer. The maximum lysozyme adsorption capacity was 1182.8 mg/g. Adsorbed lysozyme was desorbed with 94% recovery. It was observed that after five adsorption-desorption cycles there was no significant loss in adsorption capacity...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22384852/characteristics-of-peripheral-nerve-regeneration-following-a-second-nerve-injury-and-repair
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanhua Wang, Peixun Zhang, Xiaofeng Yin, Jianping Peng, Yuhui Kou, Zhenjun Zhang, Dianying Zhang, Baoguo Jiang
During the process of peripheral nerve regeneration, a single neuron can regenerate and maintain more than one collateral in a regenerative distal stump. Furthermore, some of the new shoots can mature gradually through remyelination and grow into the remote target organ to play a physiological function. Our study found that when neonatal nerve fibers are subjected to a second injury, the regenerative distal stump can regenerate and maintain more than one collateral in the second regenerative distal stump. The neonatal nerve contributed to the functional recovery of the nerve, but the restoration of nerve function was not complete...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22384851/immobilization-of-paraoxonase-onto-chitosan-and-its-characterization
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Utku Colak, Nahit Gençer
Paraoxonase was covalently immobilized onto a glutaraldehyde containing amino group functionalized chitosan surface by chemical immobilization at pH 8.0. The amount of covalently bound hPON1 was found to be 32 mg/10 chitosan beads. The properties of immobilized enzyme were investigated and compared to those of free enzyme. The effects of various parameters such as pH, temperature, heat, and storage stability on immobilized enzyme were investigated. Kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme were also evaluated...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22309108/feasibility-of-a-porcine-oral-mucosa-equivalent-a-preclinical-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beste Kinikoglu, Julie Hemar, Vasif Hasirci, Pierre Breton, Odile Damour
Oral tissue engineering aims to treat and fill tissue deficits caused by congenital defects, facial trauma, or malignant lesion surgery, as well as to study the biology of oral mucosa. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) require a large animal model to evaluate cell-based devices, including tissue-engineered oral mucosa, prior to initiating human clinical studies. Porcine oral mucosa is non-keratinized and resembles that of humans more closely than any other animal in terms of structure and composition; however, there have not been any reports on the reconstruction of a porcine oral mucosa equivalent, probably due to the difficulty to culture porcine fibroblasts...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22279960/protective-effect-of-dextrans-on-glucose-oxidase-denaturation-and-inactivation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melda Altikatoglu, Yeliz Basaran-Elalmis
In the present study, the stabilizing effect of dextrans as additives on the denaturation and inactivation of glucose oxidase (GOD) was investigated. Three different molecular weighted dextrans (M(w) 17.5, 75, 188 kD) were used with different concentrations. Dramatically increased enzyme activities were measured after one hour of incubation of enzyme with additives between 25-40°C in water bath. Highest activity value was measured with 75 kDa molecular weighted dextran (in concentration 30% w/v) at pH 5. Dextran as an additive supplied a long shelf-life to the enzyme at 4°C...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22248304/an-amperometric-biosensor-for-fish-freshness-detection-from-xanthine-oxidase-immobilized-in-polypyrrole-polyvinylsulphonate-film
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nezaket Dolmaci, Servet Çete, Fatma Arslan, Ahmet Yaşar
A new amperometric biosensor was developed for determining hypoxanthine in fish meat. Xanthine oxidase with pyrrole and polyvinylsulphonate was immobilized on the surface of a platinum electrode by electropolymerization. The determination of xanthine-hypoxanthine was performed by means of oxidation of uric acid liberated during the enzyme reaction on the surface of the enzyme electrode at + 0.30V (SCE). The effects of pH, substrate concentration, and temperature on the response of the xanthine-hypoxanthine biosensor were investigated...
August 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22409281/from-artificial-red-blood-cells-oxygen-carriers-and-oxygen-therapeutics-to-artificial-cells-nanomedicine-and-beyond
#28
REVIEW
Thomas M S Chang
The first experimental artificial red blood cells have all three major functions of red blood cells (rbc). However, the first practical one is a simple polyhemoglobin (PolyHb) that only has an oxygen-carrying function. This is now in routine clinical use in South Africa and Russia. An oxygen carrier with antioxidant functions, PolyHb-catalase-superoxide dismutase, can fulfill two of the three functions of rbc. Even more complete is one with all three functions of rbc in the form of PolyHb-catalase-superoxide dismutase-carbonic anhydrase...
June 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22288842/fluid-resuscitation-of-hemorrhagic-shock-with-hemoglobin-vesicles-in-beagle-dogs-pilot-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manabu Yamamoto, Hirohisa Horinouchi, Koichi Kobayashi, Yasuhisa Seishi, Natsue Sato, Manabu Itoh, Hiromi Sakai
Resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock requires volume replacement and restoration of oxygen metabolism. Artificial oxygen carriers that can both expand blood volume and deliver oxygen have been developed as resuscitation fluids. We employed hemoglobin vesicles (HbV), a cellular-type artificial oxygen carrier, in a Beagle dog hemorrhagic shock model to prove the efficacy of HbV. Hemorrhagic shock was introduced in splenectomized Beagle dogs by withdrawing 50% of circulating blood from the femoral artery. Shock was maintained for 60 minutes before isovolemic resuscitation with HbV dispersed in 5% albumin in saline (HbV), lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 5% human serum albumin in saline (HSA), or autologous shed blood (ASB)...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22288841/microencapsulated-saccharomyces-cerevisiae-column-bioreactor-for-potential-use-in-renal-failure-uremia
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Razek Georges Coussa, Sapna Shah, Poonam Jain, Christopher Martoni, Jasmine Bhathena, Meenakshi Malhotra, Satya Prakash
A novel bioreactor containing viable APA microencapsulated yeast cells was designed. Rat plasma was used for perfusion. Yeast cell loading and perfusion flow rate were studied to maximize urea removal. An increase in column loading from 25% to 100%, increased urea removal from 5.67 ± 1.34% to 30.45 ± 0.48%. An increase in flow rate from low to high, increased urea removal from 30.46% to 40.4%. At 100% column loading and high flow rate, the creatinine and phosphate concentrations decreased by 22% and 10%, respectively, while ammonia concentrations increased by 58...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22288840/microencapsulated-mammalian-cells-for-simultaneous-production-of-vegf165b-and-ifn%C3%AE
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Afkhami, Yves Durocher, Satya Prakash
Targeted and simultaneous delivery VEGF165b and IFN alpha in anti-angiogenic and other applications could offer several advantages. For this a system was design using artificial cell alginate-poly-L-lysine- alginate (APA) microcapsules. Result confirms the ability of this system for simultaneous production of these proteins for 28-days. The IFN alpha on a 3 days period increased from 8 ± 0.36 μg/ml at day 10 to 27 ± 2.4 μg/ml at day 16 and then dropped to 6.5 ± 0.5 μg/ml. The VEGF165b on a 3 days period increased from 2...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22192072/development-of-transmucosal-patch-using-nanofibers
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Harleen Grewal, Sanjay R Dhakate, Amit K Goyal, Tanmay S Markandeywar, Basant Malik, Goutam Rath
In the present work we have attempted to develop a novel transmucosal patch of diclofenac sodium using electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers. PCL nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning techniques using different polymer concentrations. Nanofibers formulations were characterized by SEM, FTIR, drug loading, and in-vitro release study using Franz diffusion cell. Studies revealed the nanofibers fabricated from 13% PCL were fracture-free, non-beaded, and ultrafine with 120 nm diameter. Release studies demonstrated the sustained release behavior of PCL nanofibers...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22192071/preparation-of-electrospun-plga-silk-fibroin-nanofibers-based-nerve-conduits-and-evaluation-in-vivo
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sen Li, Hui Wu, Xu-Dong Hu, Chong-Qi Tu, Fu-Xing Pei, Guang-Lin Wang, Wei Lin, Hong-Song Fan
With advances in technical methodology, the grafting of biocompatible conduits may become a viable alternative for the reconstruction of nerve gaps. In this study, electrospinning was used to fabricate nerve conduits (NCs) from poly(L-lactide-coglycolide)-silk fibroin. Conduits or autograft nerves were employed to bridge 10 mm defects in the sciatic nerves of Sprague-Dawley rats. Six weeks after the operation, morphological and functional assessment showed that nerve conduits from PLGA-silk fibroin grafts promoted the regeneration of peripheral nerves...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22192070/development-of-an-amperometric-polyphenol-biosensor-based-on-fungal-laccase-immobilized-on-nitrocellulose-membrane
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chandra Shekhar Pundir, Rachna Rawal, Sheetal Chawla, Renuka, Ramesh Chandra Kuhad
A method is described for construction of an amperometric polyphenol biosensor employing nitrocellulose membrane-bound laccase purified from cell-free extract of Ganoderma lucidum onto a Pt electrode. The biosensor showed optimum response within 10s, at 0.4 V in 0.1M acetate buffer, pH 6.0, and 35°C. Detection limit of the biosensor was 3.0 × 10(-8)M. Analytical recovery of added guaiacol was 97.00%. Within batch and between batch coefficients of variation were <0.97% and <1.26%, respectively. The sensor measured total phenolic content in fruit juices and alcoholic beverages...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22192069/decellularization-of-heart-valve-matrices-search-for-the-ideal-balance
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pamela Somers, Filip De Somer, Maria Cornelissen, Hubert Thierens, Guido Van Nooten
OBJECTIVE: Currently used decellularization procedures have negative effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity. The objective of this study is to evaluate four decellularization methods and their effect on the collagen ultrastructure, mechanical behavior and antigenicity of porcine aortic valves. METHODS: Aortic valves were placed in a trypsin, osmotic, trypsin-osmotic or detergent-osmotic solution. Leaflets were processed for histology and mechanical testing...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22082349/protective-effects-of-rg2-on-hypoxia-induced-neuronal-damage-in-hippocampal-neurons
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wang Shuangyan, Shen Ruowu, Ni Hongli, Zhang Bei, Sun Yong
We investigated the neuroprotective effects of Rg(2) in anoxic cultured hippocampal neurons of newborn rats. The cells were divided into a control group, nimodipine group (5 μmol/L), Rg(2) (0.025 mmol/L), and Rg(2) (0.05 mmol/L) group. The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons was measured by flow cytometry with staining of PI. The intracellular calcium ion [Ca(2+)]i was observed with fluorospectrophotometer determined by fluorescent probe Fluo-2/AM. The contents of MDA and NO and the activities of SOD in the supernatants of cells were determined by biochemical methods...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21951194/comparison-of-covalent-and-noncovalent-immobilization-of-malatya-apricot-pectinesterase-prunus-armeniaca-l
#37
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Emine Karakuş, Sule Pekyardımcı
Pectinesterase isolated from Malatya apricot pulp was noncovalently and covalently immobilized onto bentonite and glutaraldehyde-containing amino group functionalized porous glass beads surface at pH 8.0 and pH 9.0, respectively. The effect of various parameters such as pH, temperature, activation energy, heat and storage stability on immobilized enzyme were investigated. The optimum temperature of covalently and noncovalently immobilized PE was 50°C. This value was 60°C for free PE. Although optimum pH of covalently-immobilized PE was 8...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21942624/temperature-effects-on-enzyme-activity-of-chicken-liver-esterase-used-in-calorimetric-biosensor
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Hua Zheng, Jun Liu, Yong-Zhi Ma, Yi Xu, Fei Xu, Tse-Chao Hua
The temperature effects on enzyme activity at the conditions with and without inhibition, operation, and storage were investigated for free esterase and immobilized chicken liver esterase with three methods (adsorption, adsorption-microcapsule, and adsorption-crosslinking) used in a calorimetric biosensor. The results indicated that the temperature had significant effects on the enzyme activity by means of catalytic reaction, irreversible denaturation, mass transfer, and structure deformation of resin. Among all the esterase, the adsorption-crosslinking immobilized esterase had the best performances of enzyme activity retention ratio (EARR), above 96% in operation and 90% in storage on condition of maintaining its response to dichlorvos...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21838534/%C3%AE-amylase-monitoring-by-a-novel-amperometric-biosensor-based-on-au-electrode-its-optimization-characterization-and-application
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Umut Mengulluoglu, Cagri Altug, H Deniz Ertugrul, Abdulkerim Yildiz, E Melis Ekici, Erhan Dinckaya
A low-cost and sensitive amperometric biosensor was developed for the determination of α-amylase activity. The biosensor was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase-gelatin via glutaraldehyde on the Au electrode surface. Measurements were carried out chronoamperometrically at -0.7 V. Several parameters such as glucose oxidase activity, gelatin amount, and glutaraldehyde percentage for cross-linking were optimized. Optimum pH, optimum temperature, repeatability, and storage stabilities of the biosensor were identified...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21806504/nanoparticles-based-on-hydrophobic-alginate-derivative-as-nutraceutical-delivery-vehicle-vitamin-d3-loading
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fusheng Sun, Chuanxia Ju, Jiahong Chen, Sai Liu, Na Liu, Keke Wang, Chenguang Liu
We report the application of Vitamin D3 (VD(3)) in nanoparticles of oleoyl alginate ester (OAE)(OAE-VD(3)). The internalization of fluorescent OAE-VD(3) by Caco-2 cells was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that incorporation into OAE nanoparticles resulted in increased absorption of VD(3). Its application in the treatment of rickets was assayed using a model of nutritionally induced vitamin D-deficiency rickets. The results showed that the encapsulated VD(3) had better efficacy than that of the free drug in vivo...
February 2012: Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Immobilization Biotechnology
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