Psychiatria Danubina

People with autism and intellectual disabilities, much like individuals with typical development, share a fundamental right and aspiration to realise their own life projects. However, this natural pursuit is uniquely challenging for individuals with autism and intellectual disabilities due to their communication and adaptive hurdles. This growing need has prompted the development of a specific procedure for crafting life projects geared toward enhancing their quality of life. In the present work, we will describe the six key steps and the corresponding assessment, support, and verification tools essential for establishing and actualising the life project for individuals with disabilities, as conceptualised by the Italian Society of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (SIDIN)...

BACKGROUND: Children with disabilities (CWDs) are often excluded from scientific research, but no precise data are available on their participation in Clinical Trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates of exclusion of CWDs from recent medical research. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The protocol of the study was designed according to Prisma-ScR guidelines. All completed interventional Clinical Trials registered on Clinicaltrials.gov between 2010 and 2020 related to the Leading 10 Level 3 causes of global Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for both sexes combined for all ages of the updated Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were analysed...

BACKGROUND: The presence during the developmental period of significant limitations in adaptive behavior is an essential component along with deficits in intellectual functioning for diagnosing intellectual disability. Only the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) specifically assesses the required significant limitations in adaptive behavior. The DABS allows measuring the three adaptive behavior domains of conceptual, practical, and social skills, in individuals aged 4 to 21. This paper aims to present the process of translation/adaptation of the DABS for the Italian culture/country and describes the best practices in adapting a test across cultures/countries...

BACKGROUND: The role of nutrition in treating clinical depression has been widely discussed. Unhealthy lifestyle patterns, like lack of physical activity, junk food consumption, and irregular sleep patterns are common in depressed patients. Considering the mental and physical side-effects, the daily nutrition of these patients seems to be a plausible option for reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing treatment results. METHODS: A PubMed search was done for meta-analyses published from January 2018 to June 2023 with the query: (diet) AND (psychiatric disorder) AND (depression)...

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BACKGROUND: The management of romantic and sexual relationships between inpatients in short-term psychiatric units is a controversial subject among caregivers. Not all units have policies, and the content of said policies can be unclear or even incoherent. The lack of clear policy leaves the caregivers without guidelines and can lead to a diverging management depending on personal values. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A survey based on the current literature distributed among 69 caregivers of 20 short-term psychiatric units in French-Speaking Belgium...

OBJECTIVES: The present retrospective study was aimed at analyzing the socio-demographic and clinical correlates of the duration of involuntary treatment (IT) in a Psychiatric Inpatient Unit in central Italy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed clinical charts of subjects admitted following IT, extracting sociodemographic and clinical information. We used the duration of the IT as a "proxy" for the early cessation of the conditions that determined the need for involuntary commitment...

Suicide is a serious public health problem, as confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). It turns out to be, at least in part, preventable, but it is a complex problem, requiring complex solutions. Studies show us that about 44.5 percent of suicidal individuals would have expressed to someone, prior to the act, their intention to take their own life. Data in scientific literature specifically estimate that 44% of those who died by suicide had seen their general practitioner in the 30 days prior to the act...

BACKGROUND: School attendance problems have an impact on the social, academic, and professional development of young people. School refusal and truancy are described as school attendance problems. Clarifying the developmental trajectory of school refusal would allow a better understanding of the phenomenon including earlier detection and improved management. Following a dimensional model, we can consider school refusal as an internalizing problem and truancy as an externalizing problem implying the existence of different risk factor profiles...

INTRODUCTION: There is a correlation between food and mental health, as well as the increased prevalence of chronic diseases in psychiatric patients. Factors that can contribute to this include psychopharmacological treatment, unhealthy lifestyles, inadequate self-care, poor social and emotional integration, difficulty seeking help from doctors and low compliance with treatments. Studies have also shown that individual nutrients and dietary habits can impact psychophysical well-being...

Empathy is the complex prosocial cognitive capacity to recognize and react to the emotions of others. An empathic attitude from medical doctors is essential to build a good relationship with patients. In engineering education there is an hypervalorization of technical skills in disadvantage of these affective elements. Psychopathy is the lack of considerations toward others. These two important personality traits shape social interactions. In this study we analyzed, through the network theory, these characteristics in a young population of medical and engineering university students in Belgium...