Oliver Grundmann, Charles A Veltri, Sara Morcos, Kirsten E Smith, Darshan Singh, Ornella Corazza, Eduardo Cinosi, Giovanni Martinotti, Zach Walsh, Marc T Swogger
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use has increased substantially over the past decade outside of its indigenous regions, especially for the self-treatment of psychiatric conditions. An anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey was completed by 4,945 people who use kratom (PWUK) between July 2019 and July 2020. A total of 2,296 respondents completed an extended survey that included clinical scales for measuring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive and anxiety disorders...
October 2023: Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology