journal
Journals Child and Adolescent Psychiatr...

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America

https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201973/anxiety-disorders-and-their-treatment-in-youth-a-new-era
#1
EDITORIAL
Jeffrey R Strawn, Justine Larson
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201972/all-shades-of-anxiety-a-review-of-therapeutic-and-psychotropic-considerations-for-child-and-adolescent-youth-of-color
#2
REVIEW
Michele Cosby, Dimal D Shah, Stella Lopez, Jlynn Holland-Cecil, Michael Keiter, Crystal Lewis, Cheryl S Al-Mateen
The literature on anxiety in Black, Indigenous, and other persons of color youth is a developing area. This article highlights distinct areas for the clinician to consider in working with these populations. We highlight prevalence and incidence, race-related stress, social media, substance use, spirituality, the impact of social determinants of health (including COVID-19 and the Syndemic), as well as treatment considerations. Our aim is to contribute to the readers' developing cultural humility.
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201971/social-media-and-anxiety-in-youth-a-narrative-review-and-clinical-update
#3
REVIEW
Megan D Chochol, Kriti Gandhi, Paul E Croarkin
Social media use and related research on psychiatric symptoms continue to increase and evolve rapidly. The potential bidirectional relationships and correlations between social media use and anxiety seem to be understudied. We examine prior research focused on social media use and anxiety disorders, and thus far, correlations have been weak. Nevertheless, these associations may be poorly understood but important. Fear of missing out has been considered a moderator in earlier research. We discuss the limitations of previous research, guidance for clinicians and caregivers, and challenges for future studies in this area...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201970/treatment-for-anxiety-disorders-in-the-pediatric-primary-care-setting
#4
REVIEW
Jennifer B Blossom, Nathaniel Jungbluth, Erin Dillon-Naftolin, William French
Anxiety disorders are among the most diagnosed mental health problems in children and adolescents. Without intervention, anxiety disorders in youth are chronic, debilitating, and amplify risk of negative sequelae. Youth with anxiety present to primary care frequently and often families choose to first discuss mental health concerns with their pediatricians. Both behavioral and pharmacologic interventions can be effectively implemented in primary care, and research demonstrates the effectiveness of both approaches...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201969/neurobiology-of-treatment-in-pediatric-anxiety-disorders
#5
REVIEW
W Thomas Baumel, Jeffrey R Strawn
Both pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatment-related changes increase activity in brain regions implicated in prefrontal regulatory circuits, and the functional connectivity of these regions with the amygdala is enhanced following pharmacological treatment. This may suggest overlapping mechanisms of action across therapeutic modalities. The existing literature is best viewed as a partially constructed scaffold on which to construct a vigorous understanding of biomarkers in pediatric anxiety syndromes...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201968/advances-in-pharmacotherapy-for-pediatric-anxiety-disorders
#6
REVIEW
Cassandra M Nicotra, Jeffrey R Strawn
The evidence base for psychopharmacologic interventions in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders has significantly increased, and our understanding of the relative efficacy and tolerability of interventions has expanded contemporaneously. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacologic treatment for pediatric anxiety due to their robust efficacy although other agents may have efficacy. This review summarizes the data concerning the use of SSRIs, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, atypical anxiolytics (eg, 5HT1A agonists, alpha agonists), and benzodiazepines in pediatric anxiety disorder cases (ie, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder)...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201967/psychodynamic-formulation-and-psychodynamic-psychotherapy-for-pediatric-anxiety-disorders
#7
REVIEW
Michael Shapiro
Psychodynamic psychotherapy can be an effective treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. Psychodynamic formulation can be easily integrated with other conceptualizations of anxiety (eg, biological/genetic, developmental, and social learning theory). Psychodynamic formulation helps determine whether anxiety symptoms represent innate biological responses, learned responses from early experiences, or defensive reactions to intrapsychic conflict. Child and Adolescent Anxiety Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and Psychoanalytic Child Therapy are two evidence-based manualized psychodynamic approaches to treating pediatric anxiety disorders...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201966/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-children-and-adolescents-with-anxiety-disorders
#8
REVIEW
Jordan T Stiede, Erika S Trent, Andres G Viana, Andrew G Guzick, Eric A Storch, Jonathan Hershfield
Anxiety disorders are the most common class of psychiatric conditions among children and adolescents. The cognitive behavioral model of childhood anxiety has a strong theoretic and empirical foundation that provides the basis for effective treatment. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with an emphasis on exposure therapy, is the gold standard treatment for childhood anxiety disorders, with strong empirical support. A case vignette demonstrating CBT for childhood anxiety disorders in practice, as well as recommendations for clinicians, are also provided...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201965/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-anxiety-disorders-in-youth-coping-with-stress-worry-and-recovering-from-a-pandemic
#9
REVIEW
Lisa R Fortuna, Isabella C Brown, Gesean G Lewis Woods, Michelle V Porche
The primary objective of this article is to consider the impact of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on pediatric anxiety from both a clinical and system-of-care lens. This includes illustrating the impact of the pandemic on pediatric anxiety disorders and consideration of factors important for special populations, including children with disabilities and learning differences. We consider the clinical, educational, and public health implications for addressing mental health needs like anxiety disorders and how we might promote better outcomes, particularly for vulnerable children and youth...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201964/developmental-epidemiology-of-pediatric-anxiety-disorders
#10
REVIEW
Emily N Warner, Robert T Ammerman, Tracy A Glauser, John P Pestian, Greeshma Agasthya, Jeffrey R Strawn
This review summarizes the developmental epidemiology of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders. It discusses the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, sex differences, longitudinal course, and stability of anxiety disorders in addition to recurrence and remission. The trajectory of anxiety disorders-whether homotypic (ie, the same anxiety disorder persists over time) or heterotypic (ie, an anxiety disorder shifts to a different diagnosis over time) is discussed with regard to social, generalized, and separation anxiety disorders as well as specific phobia, and panic disorder...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37201963/risk-factors-for-pediatric-anxiety-disorders
#11
REVIEW
Emily N Warner, Jeffrey R Strawn
This review summarizes risk factors for developing anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. A surfeit of risk factors, including temperament, family environment (eg, parenting style), environmental exposures (eg, particulate matter), and cognitive factors (eg, threat bias), increases the risk of anxiety in children. These risk factors can significantly impact the trajectory of pediatric anxiety disorders. The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on anxiety disorders in children is discussed in addition to its public health implications...
July 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147048/complementary-and-integrative-medicine-functional-medicine-in-child-and-adolescent-psychiatric-disorders-should-it-be-taken-seriously
#12
EDITORIAL
Deborah R Simkin, L Eugene Arnold
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147047/autism-spectrum-disorder-and-complementary-integrative-medicine
#13
REVIEW
Pankhuree Vandana, Deborah R Simkin, Robert L Hendren, L Eugene Arnold
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 0.6%-1.7% of children. The etiology of autism is hypothesized to include both biological and environmental factors (Watts, 2008). In addition to the core symptoms of social-communication delay and restricted, repetitive interests, co-occurring irritability/aggression, hyperactivity, and insomnia negatively impact adaptive functioning and quality of life of patients and families. Despite years of effort, no pharmacologic agent has been found that targets the core symptoms of ASD...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147046/iron-deficiency-in-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-autism-spectrum-disorder-internalizing-and-externalizing-disorders-and-movement-disorders
#14
REVIEW
Dimitri Fiani, Solangia Engler, Sherecce Fields, Chadi Albert Calarge
This article reviews the role of iron in brain development and function, with a focus on the association between iron deficiency (ID) and neuropsychiatric conditions. First, we describe how ID is defined and diagnosed. Second, the role of iron in brain development and function is summarized. Third, we review current findings implicating ID in a number of neuropsychiatric conditions in children and adolescents, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other disruptive behavior disorders, depressive and anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorder, movement disorders, and other situations relevant to mental health providers...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147045/complementary-and-integrative-medicine-and-eating-disorders-in-youth-traditional-yoga-virtual-reality-light-therapy-neurofeedback-acupuncture-energy-psychology-techniques-art-therapies-and-spirituality
#15
REVIEW
Aleema Zakers, Valentina Cimolai
Eating disorders (EDs) are a non-heterogeneous group of illnesses with significant physical and mental comorbidity and mortality associated with maladaptive coping. With the exception of lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) for binge eating disorder, no medications have been effective for the core symptoms of ED. ED requires a multimodal approach. Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) can be helpful as an adjunct. The most promising CIM interventions are traditional yoga, virtual reality, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, Music Therapy, and biofeedback/neurofeedback...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147044/complementary-and-integrative-approaches-to-prevention-and-treatment-of-child-and-adolescent-obesity
#16
REVIEW
Swapna N Deshpande, Deborah R Simkin
Childhood obesity is a significant global challenge with increasing prevalence. It is associated with long-term health risks. Interventions especially early on can be effective in the prevention and reducing the impact on health in children. In children, dysbiosis and inflammation are associated with obesity. Studies demonstrate that intensive lifestyle interventions in form of parent education, motivational interviewing to improve diet and exercise as well as mindfulness, and sleep improvement can help alleviate the risk...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147043/mood-disorders-in-youth-complementary-and-integrative-medicine
#17
REVIEW
Kirti Saxena, Sherin Kurian, Reena Kumar, L Eugene Arnold, Deborah R Simkin
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics, vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and L-methyl folate, broad-spectrum micronutrients, N-acetylcysteine, physical activity, herbs, bright light therapy, melatonin, saffron, meditation, school-based interventions, and transcranial photobiomodulation are reviewed, with a focus on their use for treating mood disorders in children and adolescents. For each treatment, all published randomized controlled trials are summarized.
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147042/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-developmental-trauma-disorder-complex-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-and-complementary-and-integrative-medicine-functional-medicine
#18
REVIEW
Deborah R Simkin
Response to PTSD treatments differ based on the age the abuse occurred, the type of abuse, and the chronicity of the abuse. Even when modifications to treatment are made based on the developmental age when the abuse occurred, therapies may be insufficient. In addition, when diagnostic criteria are modified to identify more children, some children continue to escape detection. Developmental Trauma Disorder, (akin to the RDoC), may be more suitable to identify epigenetic and inflammatory effects of early abuse that may be responsible for the nonresponsive to treatment...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147041/complementary-and-integrative-treatments-of-aggressiveness-emotion-dysregulation-associated-with-disruptive-disorders-and-disruptive-mood-dysregulation-disorder
#19
REVIEW
Vinod S Bhatara, Bettina Bernstein, Sheeba Fazili
Youth with emotional dysregulation (ED) and irritability/aggression, common in disruptive disorders (frequently comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), are underserved by conventional treatments. Anger dysregulation is usually the core feature of ED. Complementary and integrative Medicine (CIM) treatments for youth with disruptive disorders and ED are reviewed. Broad-spectrum micronutrient supplementation has a medium effect and is supported by two double-blind randomized controlled trials using similar formulations...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37147040/complementary-integrative-medicine-treatment-and-prevention-of-youth-psychosis
#20
REVIEW
Vinod S Bhatara, Jeremy Daniel, Carol Whitman, Tamara Vik, Bettina Bernstein, Deborah R Simkin
The rationale for CIM treatments in youth psychoses is to optimize treatment by targeting symptoms not resolved by antipsychotics, such as negative symptoms (major drivers of disability). Adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) or N-acetyl cystine (NAC usage for > 24-week) can potentially reduce negative symptoms and improve function. ω-3 FA or exercise may prevent progression to psychosis in youth (in prodromal stage). Weekly 90-minute moderate to vigorous physical activity or aerobic exercise can reduce positive and negative symptoms...
April 2023: Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
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