European Journal of Cancer Prevention

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INTRODUCTION: We estimated cancer mortality figures in five major Asian countries and Australia for 2024, focusing on stomach cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Eastern Asia. METHODS: We computed country- and sex-specific annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) for total cancers and the 10 most common cancer sites, using WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases from 1970 to 2021 or the latest available year. We predicted figures for 2024 and estimated the number of avoided cancer deaths in 1994-2024...

BACKGROUND: This study assessed prostate cancer burden and trends in major BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Utilizing Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 data, we calculated age-standardized rates for prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Joinpoint regression analysis determined the average annual percentage change (AAPC) for trend characterization...

BACKGROUND: Breast implants are not lifelong, with implant rupture being the third leading cause of revisional surgery in augmented women. Noncontrast MRI is a reliable tool to assess implant integrity; however, false positive and false negative diagnoses have been reported due to an incorrect interpretation of MRI signs. This study aims to investigate the incidence of these misleading results, comparing MRI findings with intraoperative surgical observations and exploring signs of nonunivocal interpretation...

OBJECTIVE: Increasing evidence has shown that dietary behaviors are closely correlated with the carcinogenesis and progression of many types of cancer. However, few studies have assessed the global diet-related burden of cancer. This study aimed to estimate the pooled burdens and trends of five types of cancers attributable to dietary behaviors. METHODS: Data regarding cancer attributable to dietary behaviors were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, including the death cases and age-standardized death rates, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated according to diseases, age, sex, the socio-demographic index (SDI) and location...

BACKGROUND: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a long-term impact on hepatic consequences. A comprehensive evaluation of the global burden of HCV-related health outcomes can help to develop a global HCV prevention and treatment program. METHODS: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to comprehensively investigate burden and temporal trends in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of HCV-related diseases, including liver cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases across 264 countries and territories from 2010 to 2019...

OBJECTIVE: The military population may differ from the general population in factors related to bladder and kidney cancers. However, incidence rates of these cancers have not been systematically compared between the two populations. This study compared incidence rates of bladder and kidney cancers between active-duty servicemen and men in the general US population. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Department of Defense's Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database...

Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and other fossil fuels in the workplace can cause several health effects including cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies examining the association between occupational DE exposure and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), including cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. We included cohort studies mentioned in the Monograph of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2014, on DE. Forest plots of relative risk (RR) were constructed for HNC overall and its anatomical subtypes...

OBJECTIVES: Navy personnel and seafarers live and work 24 h per day in the shipboard environment and they are exposed to asbestos fibers released into the confined spaces aboard ships. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the mesothelioma risk of seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, as compared to that of the general population. METHODS: We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31 December 2021, of all studies on seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, characterized by exposure to asbestos and providing mesothelioma risk estimates...

Pleural mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive cancer that affects the pleura. In recent years, there has been increasing interest and attention in detecting and diagnosing early-stage or precancerous forms of mesothelioma because of its severe prognosis and short life expectancy at the time of diagnosis. Mesothelioma in situ represents a clear opportunity to improve and innovate the diagnostic approach and the multimodality treatment of mesothelioma: the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma at the 'in-situ phase' means early disease detection and thus paves the way to new possible curable strategies...

OBJECTIVE: Various approaches have been used in the literature to handle missing vital status data in cancer registries. We aimed to compare these approaches to determine which led to the least biased estimates in typical analytic tasks of cancer registries. METHODS: A simulation study was performed using data from the Swiss National Agency for Cancer Registration for six tumor types. First, 5%, 10% and 15% missingness in the vital status were introduced artificially in the complete data...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the correlation between tumor proportionality scores (TPS) and the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as the second or subsequent line therapies for individuals who received diagnoses of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of a total of 143 patients who received diagnoses of stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and were admitted to our hospital from the beginning of 2019 to the end of September 2022...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was toidentify and appraise available sun protection self-efficacy instruments and synthesize information. DATA SOURCE: A systematic search of electronic databases from 2005 to 2023 included PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO. BACKGROUND: While instruments have been developed to evaluate sun-protective behaviors and self-efficacy separately, sun-protection self-efficacy instruments have yet to be widely studied...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between established risk factors for breast cancer and mammographic breast density in Korean women. METHODS: This large cross-sectional study included 8 460 928 women aged >40 years, who were screened for breast cancer between 2009 and 2018. Breast density was assessed using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. This study used multiple logistic regression analyses of age, BMI, age at menarche, menopausal status, menopausal age, parity, breastfeeding status, oral contraceptive use, family history of breast cancer, physical activity, smoking, drinking and hormone replacement therapy use to investigate their associations with mammographic breast density...

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has been increasing globally for several decades. The objective of the study was to examine the most recent trend in the incidence of NET as well as disparities by sex and race/ethnicity in adults in the USA. METHODS: Patients with NET aged ≥20 years were identified from the SEER 22 Registries from 2000 to 2020. The age-adjusted incidence rate was calculated for overall NET and by primary site...

We updated to December 2023 the main findings of the stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project including about 13 000 cases and 31 000 controls from 29 case-control and 5 nested studies. The StoP project quantified more precisely than previously available the positive associations of tobacco smoking, high alcohol consumption, meat intake, selected occupations (e.g. agricultural and miners), gastric ulcer and family history with gastric cancer and the inverse associations with socioeconomic status and selected aspects of diet (fruits, including citrus fruits, vegetables, including allium and mushrooms, and polyphenols)...

OBJECTIVES: Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in elderly patients with stage II colon cancer (CC) remain controversial. We aimed to construct a nomogram to estimate the chemotherapy survival benefits in elderly patients. METHODS: The training and testing cohort were patients with stage II CC older than 70 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, while the external validation cohort included patients from the National Cancer Center (NCC)...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop tools that could predict the occurrence of distant metastases in melanoma and its prognosis based on clinical and pathological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of melanoma patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2019. Logistic analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with distant metastasis. Additionally, multivariate Cox analyses were conducted to determine independent prognostic factors for patients with distant metastasis...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Tryptophan plays a vital role in cell growth and maintenance as a building block of protein and coordination of organismal responses to environmental and dietary cues. Animal model study showed that dietary tryptophan improved treatment response in those who received chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Limited data are available assessing the association between tryptophan intake and risk of pancreatic cancer...

BACKGROUND: Metformin and statins are commonly used globally for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, respectively. Recently, multiple novel pathways have been discovered, which may contribute to the treatment of various types of cancer. Several meta-analysis studies have reported that the use of metformin or statins is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer compared to nonusers. In this study, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis and investigate the prognostic roles of these two medications in colon cancer...