Mediators of Inflammation

This review aims at summarizing state-of-the-art knowledge on glycocalyx and SARS-CoV-2. The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic grid overlying the surface of the endothelial cell (EC) lumen and consists of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The role of glycocalyx has been determined in the regulation of EC permeability, adhesion, and coagulation. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to β -coronavirus that causes the outbreak and the pandemic of COVID-19. Through the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 enters blood circulation and interacts with ECs possessing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)...

Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition caused by infection and transposition of pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) into the host bloodstream. During sepsis, activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on immune cells triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and overstimulates the production of vasodilatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO). These vascular changes lead to widespread inflammation, tissue damage, multiple organ failure, and often death. New therapeutic options are urgently needed...

p53 can function as an independent and unfavorable prognosis biomarker in cancer patients. We tried to identify the key factors of the p53 signaling pathway involved in gastric cancer (GC) occurrence and development based on the genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) screening. We downloaded gene expression data and clinical data of GC included in the GTEx and TCGA databases, followed by differential analysis. Then, the key factors in the p53 signaling pathway were identified, followed by an analysis of the correlation between key factors and the prognosis of GC patients...

OBJECTIVES: Excessive inflammatory responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Penfluroidol (PF), an oral long-acting antipsychotic drug, has been suggested to possess diverse biological properties, including antischizophrenia, antitumour effect, and anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of this research was to explore the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of penfluroidol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related macrophages...

BACKGROUND: Ferroptosis, a newly discovered mode of cell death, emerges as a new target for atherosclerosis (AS). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis. In our previous study, lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was highly expressed in patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) and closely associated with macrophage-mediated inflammation in AS. In the present study, we aim to investigate the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced macrophage ferroptosis in AS...

Immune regulation plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapse bowel disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Clinical treatments for IBD are limited and inefficient. However, the pathogenesis of immune-mediated IBD remains unclear. This review describes the activation of innate and adaptive immune functions by intestinal immune cells to regulate intestinal immune balance and maintain intestinal mucosal integrity. Changes in susceptible genes, autophagy, energy metabolism, and other factors interact in a complex manner with the immune system, eventually leading to intestinal immune imbalance and the onset of IBD...

PURPOSE: Tumor immunity serves an essential role in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer (THCA). The aim of this study is to establish an immune-related prognostic model for THCA patients by using immune-related genes (IRGs). METHODS: Wilcox test was used to screen the differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs) in THCA and normal tissues, then the DEIRGs related to prognosis were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, we developed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression prognostic model and performed validation analyses regard to the predictive value of the model in internal (TCGA) and external (International Cancer Genome Consortium) cohorts respectively...

OBJECTIVE: Modified C-reactive protein (mCRP) is known to be involved in the upregulation and amplification of the local inflammatory response. This study investigated the circulating and local levels of mCRP and their relevance to clinicopathological features in patients with lupus nephritis. METHODS: Ninety-five patients with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis and 30 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Plasma and urinary mCRP were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis mortality and morbidity are aggravated by acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Published studies have discovered that hyperoside (HYP) has an anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effect in many diseases. However, whether HYP treatment can attenuate sepsis-induced ALI is still obscure. METHODS: In this study, a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model was constructed. The mouse lungs were harvested and assessed using proteomics, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for pro-inflammatory cytokines...

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns play important role in Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection. We aimed to investigate the potential relationship between Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) and H. pylori infection in US adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000). Individuals aged ≥20 years who provided a 24 hr dietary intake history and underwent H. pylori testing were included in the analysis...

OBJECTIVE: Vitronectin (VTN) has been reported to trigger cell pyroptosis to aggravate inflammation in our previous study. However, the function of VTN in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains to be addressed. METHODS: Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to analyze VTN-regulated intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation through ferroptosis, and immunofluorescence (IF), luciferase, and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to identify whether VTN-modulated ferroptosis is dependent on phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)/protein kinase A (PKA)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (CREB) cascade pathway...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) harms the male reproductive system, and lncRNA may play an important role in it. Here, we report that the LINC01088/microRNA- (miRNA/miR-) 22/cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) axis regulated through the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases- (PI3K-) protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway controls the development of PCa. METHODS: lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA associated with PCa was downloaded and analyzed by Gene Expression Omnibus. The expression and correlation of LINC01088/miR-22/CDC6 in PCa were analyzed and verified by RT-qPCR...

Interstitial inflammation is an important mechanism of pathological damage in renal injury caused by hyperuricemia. Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is a class of targets that act upstream of the PI3K/AKT/NF- κ B pathway and is involved in various inflammatory diseases. We induced a hyperuricemia model in rats by adenine and ethambutol gavage in an in vivo experiment. We demonstrated that PAR2 and PI3K/AKT/NF- κ B pathway expression were significantly upregulated in renal tissues, with massive inflammatory cell infiltration in the renal interstitium and renal tissue injury...

Due to the considerable heterogeneity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), individuals with comparable TNM stages who receive the same treatment strategy have varying prognostic outcomes. In HNSCC, immunotherapy is developing quickly and has shown effective. We want to develop an immune-related gene (IRG) prognostic model to forecast the prognosis and response to immunotherapy of patients. In order to analyze differential expression in normal and malignant tissues, we first identified IRGs that were differently expressed...

There is no effective treatment for peripheral nerve injury-induced chronic neuropathic pain (NP), which profoundly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Transmembraneprotein100 (TMEM100) is considered to be a pain regulatory protein and is expressed in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats. However, the mechanism of pain regulation and the expression of TMEM100 following various peripheral nerve injuries are unclear. In this study, we constructed two pain models of peripheral nerve injury: tibial nerve injury (TNI) and chronic constriction injury (CCI)...

Most patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present with hallmark features of airway mucus hypersecretion, including cough and expectoration. Airway mucus function as a native immune system of the lung that severs to trap particulate matter and pathogens and allows them to clear from the lung via cough and ciliary transport. Chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) is the main factor contributing to the increased risk of morbidity and mortality in specific subsets of COPD patients. It is, therefore, primarily important to develop medications that suppress mucus hypersecretions in these patients...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a caused by atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the coronary arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in various stages of atherosclerosis as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies. MMP-2 is associated with both stable and unstable atherosclerotic plaque formation. The current review aimed to identify the role of MMP-2 in atherosclerosis development among CAD patients. Literature search was conducted through four online databases and only studies that were published from 2018 until February 2023 were included...

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism by which LINC00174 promotes colon cancer progression by targeting the microRNA-2467-3p (miR-2467-3p)/enolase 3 (ENO3) axis to regulate inflammation and glycolysis. METHODS: The expression of LINC00174 and ENO3 in colon cancer tissues, its relationship with survival rate, and correlation were analyzed using bioinformatic analysis. The effects of LINC00174 overexpression and silencing on the biological behavior of and inflammation in colon cancer cells were analyzed via transfection experiments...

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a chronic lung disease, which occurs after an insult to the lower airways, in particular after airway infections or after stem cell transplantation, and which results in persistent inflammation. N -3 and n -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to influence the inflammatory processes in chronic inflammatory conditions. Since BO is maintained by persistent pulmonary inflammation, a disbalanced n -6/ n -3 fatty acid profile could support the inflammatory process in patients with BO and therefore, could become an approach to new therapeutic options...

METHODS: Using a CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system, EFTUD2 single allele knockout HepG2.2.15 cells were constructed. Subsequently, the HBV biomarkers in EFTUD2+/- HepG2.2.15 cells and wild-type (WT) cells with or without IFN- α treatment were detected. And the EFTUD2-regulated genes were then identified using mRNA sequence. Selected gene mRNA variants and their proteins were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. To confirm the effects of EFTUD2 on HBV replication and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, a rescue experiment in EFTUD2+/- HepG2...