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Journals Insect Biochemistry and Molecu...

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176573/aminoacwylase-efficiently-hydrolyses-fatty-acid-amino-acid-conjugates-of-helicoverpa-armigera-potentially-to-increase-the-pool-of-glutamine
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gopal S Kallure, Shubhranshu Shekhar Sahoo, Rutuja S Kale, Vitthal T Barvkar, Ravindar Kontham, Ashok P Giri
One of the most prevalent bioactive molecules present in the oral secretion (OS) of lepidopteran insects is fatty acid amino acid conjugates (FACs). Insect dietary components have influence on the synthesis and retaining the pool of FACs in the OS. We noted differential and diet-specific accumulation of FACs in the OS of Helicoverpa armigera by using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Interestingly, we identified FACs hydrolyzing enzyme aminoacylase (HaACY) in the OS of H. armigera through proteomic analysis...
January 2, 2024: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38171463/syncas-efficient-crispr-cas9-gene-editing-in-difficult-to-transform-arthropods
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sander De Rouck, Antonio Mocchetti, Wannes Dermauw, Thomas Van Leeuwen
The genome editing technique CRISPR/Cas9 has led to major advancements in many research fields and this state-of-the-art tool has proven its use in genetic studies for various arthropods. However, most transformation protocols rely on microinjection of CRISPR/Cas9 component into embryos, a method which is challenging for many species. Alternatively, injections can be performed on adult females, but transformation efficiencies can be very low as was shown for the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a minute but important chelicerate pest on many crops...
January 1, 2024: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38151136/gene-expression-plasticity-facilitates-different-host-feeding-in-ips-sexdentatus-coleoptera-curculionidae-scolytinae
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sellamuthu Gothandapani, Aisha Naseer, Jaromír Hradecký, Amrita Chakraborty, Jiří Synek, Roman Modlinger, Amit Roy
Host shift is ecologically advantageous and a crucial driver for herbivore insect speciation. Insects on the non-native host obtain enemy-free space and confront reduced competition, but they must adapt to survive. Such signatures of adaptations can often be detected at the gene expression level. It is astonishing how bark beetles cope with distinct chemical environments while feeding on various conifers. Hence, we aim to disentangle the six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) response against two different conifer defences upon host shift (Scots pine to Norway spruce)...
December 25, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38123026/identification-of-salivary-proteins-of-the-cowpea-aphid-aphis-craccivora-by-transcriptome-and-lc-ms-ms-analyses
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shanmugasundram Pavithran, Marimuthu Murugan, Jayakanthan Mannu, Kalenahalli Yogendra, Venkatasamy Balasubramani, Hemalatha Sanivarapu, Sankarasubramanian Harish, Senthil Natesan
Aphid salivary proteins mediate the interaction between aphids and their host plants. Moreover, these proteins facilitate digestion, detoxification of secondary metabolites, as well as activation and suppression of plant defenses. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, is an important sucking pest of leguminous crops worldwide. Although aphid saliva plays an important role in aphid plant interactions, knowledge of the cowpea aphid salivary proteins is limited. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and LC-MS/MS analyses to identify the proteins present in the salivary glands and saliva of A...
December 18, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38101706/evidence-that-hematophagous-triatomine-bugs-may-eat-plants-in-the-wild
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-Luc Da Lage, Alice Fontenelle, Jonathan Filée, Marie Merle, Jean-Michel Béranger, Carlos Eduardo Almeida, Elaine Folly Ramos, Myriam Harry
Blood feeding is a secondary adaptation in hematophagous bugs. Many proteins are secreted in the saliva that are devoted to coping with the host's defense and to process the blood meal. Digestive enzymes that are no longer required for a blood meal would be expected to be eventually lost. Yet, in many strictly hematophagous arthropods, α-amylase genes, which encode the enzymes that digest starch from plants, are still present and transcribed, including in the kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) and its related species, which transmit the Chagas disease...
December 13, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38072083/advances-in-understanding-insect-chitin-biosynthesis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ailing Yu, Marius Beck, Hans Merzendorfer, Qing Yang
Chitin, a natural polymer of N-acetylglucosamine chains, is a principal component of the apical extracellular matrix in arthropods. Chitin microfibrils serve as structural components of natural biocomposites present in the extracellular matrix of a variety of invertebrates including sponges, molluscs, nematodes, fungi and arthropods. In this review, we summarize the frontier advances of insect chitin synthesis. More specifically, we focus on the chitin synthase (CHS), which catalyzes the key biosynthesis step...
December 8, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38072082/expression-of-the-non-neuronal-cholinergic-system-components-in-malpighian-tubules-of-mythimna-separata-and-evidence-for-non-neuronal-acetylcholine-synthesis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Baolei Zhan, Ting Zhou, Di Tong, Zile Xu, Xiaoyu Liang, Anqi Ma, Shumin Lü
The non-neuronal cholinergic system, widely distributed in nature, is an ancient system that has not been well studied in insects. This study aims to investigate the key components of the cholinergic system and to identify the non-neuronal acetylcholine (ACh)-producing cells and the acting sites of ACh in the Malpighian tubules (MTs) of Mythimna separata. We found that non-neuronal ACh in MTs is synthesized by carnitine acetyltransferase (CarAT), rather than choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), as confirmed by using enzyme inhibitors and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)...
December 8, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38056530/serine-protease-homolog-pairs-clipa4-a6-a4-a7%C3%AE-and-a4-a12-act-as-cofactors-for-proteolytic-activation-of-prophenoloxidase-2-and-7-in-anopheles-gambiae
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiao Jin, Yang Wang, Yingxia Hu, Yan He, Chao Xiong, Haobo Jiang
Phenoloxidase (PO) catalyzed melanization and other insect immune responses are mediated by serine proteases (SPs) and their noncatalytic homologs (SPHs). Many of these SP-like proteins have a regulatory clip domain and are called CLIPs. In most insects studied so far, PO precursors are activated by a PAP (i.e., PPO activating protease) and its cofactor of clip-domain SPHs. Although melanotic encapsulation is a well-known refractory mechanism of mosquitoes against malaria parasites, it is unclear if a cofactor is required for PPO activation...
December 4, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38043913/evidence-for-a-role-of-snmp2-and-antennal-support-cells-in-sensillum-lymph-clearance-processes-of-moth-pheromone-responsive-sensilla
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sina Cassau, Jürgen Krieger
In insect antenna, following the activation of olfactory sensory neurons, odorant molecules are inactivated by enzymes in the sensillum lymph. How the inactivation products are cleared from the sensillum lymph is presently unknown. Here we studied the role of support cells (SCs) and the so-called sensory neuron membrane protein 2 (SNMP2), a member of the CD36 family of lipid transporters abundantly expressed in SCs, in sensillum lymph clearance processes in the moths Heliothis virescens and Bombyx mori. In these species, the sex pheromone components are inactivated to long-chain fatty acids...
December 1, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38040266/the-crystal-structure-of-insecticidal-protein-txp40-from-xenorhabdus-nematophila-reveals-a-two-domain-unique-binary-toxin-with-homology-to-the-toxin-antitoxin-ta-system
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Omkar U Kinkar, Ashwani Kumar, Arpit Prashar, Beena Yadav, Ashok B Hadapad, Ramesh S Hire, Ravindra D Makde
Txp40 is a ubiquitous, conserved, and novel toxin from Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, toxic to a wide range of insect pests. However, the three-dimensional structure and toxicity mechanism for Txp40 or any of its sequence homologs are not yet known. Here, we have been reporting the crystal structure of the insecticidal protein Txp40 from Xenorhabdus nematophila at 2.08 Å resolution. The Txp40 was structurally distinct from currently known insecticidal proteins. Txp40 consists of two structurally different domains, an N-terminal domain (NTD) and a C-terminal domain (CTD), primarily joined by a 33-residue long linker peptide...
November 29, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38036275/culex-quinquefasciatus-membrane-bound-alkaline-phosphatase-is-a-putative-receptor-for-lysinibacillus-sphaericus-tpp49aa1-toxin
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qingyun Guo, Wei Li, Yingchao Niu, Xiaohua Dai, Lin Chen
The binary toxin Cry48Aa1/Tpp49Aa1 produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus exhibits potent toxicity against Culicidae larvae. Both Cry48Aa1 and Tpp49Aa1 toxins are crucial for binding to the toxin receptor in Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, albeit with different binding sites. Previous studies have identified Glu71, a membrane-bound α-glucosidase, as a putative binding protein for the Cry48Aa1 toxin, involved in the Cry48Aa1/Tpp49Aa1 toxicity. In this study, we employed pulldown assays to identify a group of Tpp49Aa1-binding proteins from C...
November 28, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38030045/overexpression-of-the-f116v-allele-of-cyp9a186-in-transgenic-helicoverpa-armigera-confers-high-level-resistance-to-emamectin-benzoate
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Li, Yayun Zuo, Yu Shi, Yihua Yang, Yidong Wu
Insect cytochrome P450s play important roles in the detoxification of xenobiotics and the metabolic resistance to insecticides. However, the approach for in vivo validation of the contribution of specific candidate P450s to resistance is still limited in most non-model insect species. Previous studies with heterologous expression and in vitro functional assays have confirmed that a natural substitution (F116V) in the substrate recognition site 1 (SRS1) of the CYP9A186 of Spodoptera exigua is a gain-of-function mutation, which results in detoxification capability of and thus high-level resistance to both emamectin benzoate (EB) and abamectin...
November 27, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38013005/single-nucleus-sequencing-of-silkworm-larval-midgut-reveals-the-immune-escape-strategy-of-bmnpv-in-the-midgut-during-the-late-stage-of-infection
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junming Xia, Shigang Fei, Yigui Huang, Wenxuan Lai, Yue Yu, Lingying Liang, Hailin Wu, Luc Swevers, Jingchen Sun, Min Feng
The midgut is an important barrier against microorganism invasion and proliferation, yet is the first tissue encountered when a baculovirus naturally invades the host. However, only limited knowledge is available how different midgut cell types contribute to the immune response and the clearance or promotion of viral infection. Here, single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA seq) was employed to analyze the responses of various cell subpopulations in the silkworm larval midgut to B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection...
November 25, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38008364/insights-into-unique-features-of-drosophila-cyp4g-enzymes
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Kefi, Parasyris Konstantinos, Vasileia Balabanidou, Chara Sarafoglou, Dimitra Tsakireli, Vassilis Douris, Maria Monastirioti, Jean-Didier Maréchal, René Feyereisen, John Vontas
The cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP4G subfamily are some of the most intriguing insect P450s in terms of structure and function. In Drosophila, CYP4G1 is highly expressed in the oenocytes and is the last enzyme in the biosynthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons, while CYP4G15 is expressed in the brain and is of unknown function. Both proteins have a CYP4G-specific and characteristic amino acid sequence insertion corresponding to a loop between the G and H helices whose function is unclear. Here we address these enigmatic structural and functional features of Drosophila CYP4Gs...
November 24, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37995833/different-myrosinases-activate-sequestered-glucosinolates-in-larvae-and-adults-of-the-horseradish-flea-beetle
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johannes Körnig, Kris Ortizo, Theresa Sporer, Zhi-Ling Yang, Franziska Beran
β-Glucosidases play an important role in the chemical defense of many insects by hydrolyzing and thereby activating glucosylated pro-toxins that are either synthesized de novo or sequestered from the insect's diet. The horseradish flea beetle, Phyllotreta armoraciae, sequesters pro-toxic glucosinolates from its brassicaceous host plants and possesses endogenous β-thioglucosidase enzymes, known as myrosinases, for glucosinolate activation. Here, we identify three myrosinase genes in P. armoraciae (PaMyr) with distinct expression patterns during beetle ontogeny...
November 21, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37992878/contrasting-roles-of-cytochrome-p450s-in-amitraz-and-chlorfenapyr-resistance-in-the-crop-pest-tetranychus-urticae
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marilou Vandenhole, Xueping Lu, Dimitra Tsakireli, Catherine Mermans, Sander De Rouck, Berdien De Beer, Eba Simma, Spiros A Pergantis, Wim Jonckheere, John Vontas, Thomas Van Leeuwen
The molecular mechanisms of amitraz and chlorfenapyr resistance remain only poorly understood for major agricultural pests and vectors of human diseases. This study focusses on a multi-resistant field strain of the crop pest Tetranychus urticae, which could be readily selected in the laboratory to high levels of amitraz and chlorfenapyr resistance. Toxicity experiments using tralopyril, the active toxophore of chlorfenapyr, suggested decreased activation as a likely mechanism underlying resistance. Starting from the same parental strain, transcriptome profiling revealed that a cluster of detoxifying genes was upregulated after amitraz selection, but unexpectedly downregulated after chlorfenapyr selection...
November 20, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37952902/functional-annotation-of-insecta-transcriptomes-a-cautionary-tale-from-lepidoptera
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naya McCartney, Gayathri Kondakath, Albert Tai, Barry A Trimmer
Functional annotation is a critical step in the analysis of genomic data, as it provides insight into the function of individual genes and the pathways in which they participate. Currently, there is no consensus on the best computational approach for assigning functional annotation. This study compares three functional annotation methods (BLAST, eggNOG-Mapper, and InterProScan) in their ability to assign Gene Ontology terms in two species of Insecta with differing levels of annotation, Bombyx mori and Manduca sexta...
November 10, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37952901/abc-transporter-subfamily-b1-as-a-susceptibility-determinant-of-bombyx-mori-larvae-to-cry1ba-cry1ia-and-cry9da-toxins
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kana Iwabuchi, Kazuhisa Miyamoto, Akiya Jouraku, Yoko Takasu, Tetsuya Iizuka, Satomi Adegawa, Xiaoyi Li, Ryoichi Sato, Kenji Watanabe
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a diverse family of transmembrane proteins. Specific subfamily members expressed in the lepidopteran midgut can act as susceptibility determinants for several insecticidal Bt Cry proteins. However, the susceptibility determinants to many Cry toxins still remain unclear. Therefore, we knocked out a series of ABC transporters that are highly expressed in the midgut of Bombyx mori larvae by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene editing, and the lineages that became resistant to Cry toxins were searched by toxin overlay bioassay...
November 10, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37918449/a-highly-conserved-plant-volatile-odorant-receptor-detects-a-sex-pheromone-component-of-the-greater-wax-moth-galleria-mellonella-lepidoptera-pyralidae
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Lizana, Ricardo Godoy, Francheska Martínez, Dieter Wicher, Sabine Kaltofen, Leonardo Guzmán, Oscar Ramírez, Diego Cifuentes, Ana Mutis, Herbert Venthur
Odorant receptors (ORs) are key specialized units for mate and host finding in moths of the Ditrysia clade, to which 98% of the lepidopteran species belong. Moth ORs have evolved to respond to long unsaturated acetates, alcohols, or aldehydes (Type I sex pheromones), falling into conserved clades of pheromone receptors (PRs). These PRs might have evolved from old lineages of non-Ditrysian moths that use plant volatile-like pheromones. However, a Ditrysian moth called the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (a worldwide-distributed pest of beehives), uses C9 -C11 saturated aldehydes as the main sex pheromone components (i...
October 31, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37913852/insulin-like-peptides-and-ovary-ecdysteroidogenic-hormone-differentially-stimulate-physiological-processes-regulating-egg-formation-in-the-mosquito-aedes-aegypti
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kangkang Chen, Xiaoyi Dou, Jai Hoon Eum, Ruby A Harrison, Mark R Brown, Michael R Strand
Mosquitoes including Aedes aegypti are human disease vectors because females must blood feed to produce and lay eggs. Blood feeding triggers insulin-insulin growth factor signaling (IIS) which regulates several physiological processes required for egg development. A. aegypti encodes 8 insulin-like peptides (ILPs) and one insulin-like receptor (IR) plus ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone (OEH) that also activates IIS through the OEH receptor (OEHR). In this study, we assessed the expression of A. aegypti ILPs and OEH during a gonadotropic cycle and produced each that were functionally characterized to further understand their roles in regulating egg formation...
October 30, 2023: Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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