Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association

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BACKGROUND: Whether presenting an episode of amaurosis fugax (AFx) increases the risk of ischemic stroke is controversial and there is a lack of consensus in the following management. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with AFx due to suspected transient retinal ischemia. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study of patients admitted in a Comprehensive Stroke Center with diagnosis of AFx due to suspected transient retinal ischemia between 2015 and 2020...

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that pregnant women would have an increased risk of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD) affecting the carotid or vertebral arteries over one-year follow-up after the first trimester ultrasound compared to matched non-pregnant controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We queried a United States research network (TriNetX, Inc.) of de-identified medical records of >111 million patients, with data spanning 2008-2023. We included women aged ≥18 and excluded those with trauma and conditions potentially causative of sCeAD...

OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of pregnancy and delivery in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) remain unclear. We retrospectively investigated perinatal outcomes in patients with MMD to evaluate the risks associated to this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data of women with MMD who delivered at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 2000 and 2021 were collected. Maternal characteristics including genetic data, obstetric complications, method of delivery and anesthesia, neonatal outcomes, neurological events during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum course, were reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: Investigate temporal and age-specific trends in the incidence of ischaemic stroke and case-fatality risk in Victoria, Australia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients hospitalised with first ischaemic stroke between 2012 and 2018 were included. Trends in age-standardised incidence rates of ischaemic stroke were assessed using linear regression models. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the case-fatality risk. RESULTS: Overall age-standardised incidence of ischaemic stroke was stable from 2012/13 to 2017/18 (87...

Sleep and psychological disorders are common complaints in stroke survivors. The effectiveness of sleep duration in post-stroke on mental well-being and health outcomes has been reported recently. This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of sleep duration on the relationship between anxiety and health-related quality of life in Chinese post-stroke; MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a quantitative, cross-sectional study with participants recruited through a multistage, stratified, probability proportional to size sampling method...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of intra-arterial administration of edaravone dexborneol in rats with acute ischemic stroke and determine the optimal dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats (265-300 g) were selected to establish ischemic stroke models and were randomly divided into groups of sham-operation (Sham group), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IS group), permanent focal ischemia (PI group) and treatment (2MG group: 2 mg/kg, 4MG group: 4 mg/kg, 6MG group: 6 mg/kg) groups...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular complications could occur in 15-57 % of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM). It is crucial to rapidly identify TBM patients who are at risk for stroke. This study aimed to find predictors of stroke in patients with TBM. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were done using literature searches through online databases up to April 30th, 2022. Three independent authors performed literature screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal of the studies...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CTP is increasingly used to assess eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO). There remain variability and inconsistencies between software packages for estimation of ischemic core. We aimed to use heterogenous data from four stroke centers to perform a comparative analysis for CTP-estimated ischemic core between RAPID (iSchemaView) and Olea (Olea Medical). METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent pretreatment CTP, successful EVT (defined TICI ≥ 2b), and follow-up MRI included...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Perihematomal edema (PHE) represents the secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, neurobiological characteristics of post-ICH parenchymal injury other than PHE volume have not been fully characterized. Using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM), we explored the clinical correlates of PHE diffusion and (micro)perfusion metrics in subacute ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 41 consecutive patients scanned 1-to-7 days after supratentorial ICH, we determined the mean diffusion (D), pseudo-diffusion (D*), and perfusion fraction (F) within manually segmented PHE...

OBJECTIVES: Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is a known risk factor for atrial fibrillation, a common cause of large vessel occlusion (LVO) leading to ischemic stroke. While robust cerebral collaterals protect penumbral tissue from infarction, the effect of structural heart disease on cerebral collaterals remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the association between LAE and cerebral collaterals in patients with acute LVO stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients with middle cerebral and/or internal carotid LVO who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) between 2012 to 2020...

OBJECTIVES: Tetramethylpyrazine (TEP) can protect the brain from ischemic damage, but it has defects such as short half-life, fast absorption, wide distribution, and rapid elimination, which limits its application. Exosomes (Exos) have the property of loading drugs and transporting signal substances. Here, we elucidated the effect of TEP-loaded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived Exos (Exo-TEP) on cerebral ischemic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Exos were extracted by ultracentrifugation and TEP was loaded into the Exos by electroporation...

OBJECTIVE: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can cause a series of pathophysiological processes, including neuronal autophagy and apoptosis. VEGF-A has been reported to affect angiogenesis and neurogenesis in many CNS diseases. However, its effects on neuronal autophagy and apoptosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms in CCH remain unclear. METHODS: To address these issues, the CCH model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO)...

OBJECTIVES: Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin has been positioned as a potential biomarker and drug target for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-related secondary brain injury (SAH-SBI). The maximum amount of hemoglobin, which may be released into the cerebrospinal fluid, is defined by the initial subarachnoid hematoma volume (ISHV). In patients without external ventricular or lumbar drain, there remains an unmet clinical need to predict the risk for SAH-SBI. The aim of this study was to explore automated segmentation of ISHV as a potential surrogate for cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin to predict SAH-SBI...

OBJECTIVE: Our previous study found that ErbB4 gene expression was changed after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). However, the exact role and mechanism of ErbB4 in brain ischemia are largely unknown. In this study, we explored the protective effects of ErbB4 and its possible mechanism after OGD/R. METHODS: Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model was established in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS production were measured by MTT, TUNEL, and fluorescent probe 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA)...

BACKGROUND: The term "spot sign" was coined by Wada et al in 2007 and thought to be due to ongoing arterial bleeding in primary intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH).1 Spot sign has also been described in the context of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH).2 Over the years arterial spot signs have been found to correlate with intraparenchymal hematoma expansion, worse clinical outcomes and increased risk of surgical intervention.3 We are describing a unique instance of a spot sign in venous sinus thrombosis that initially misled the clinical diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: High-risk patent foramen ovale (PFO) could be pathological in cryptogenic stroke (CS), but its clinical characteristics have not been fully studied, especially in elderly patients. METHODS: Patients with CS were enrolled in the CHALLENGE ESUS/CS registry, a multicenter registry of CS patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography. Clinical characteristics were compared among three groups: high-risk PFO group, large shunt PFO (≥25 microbubbles) or PFO with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA); right-to-left shunt (RLS) group, RLS including PFO with <25 microbubbles or without ASA; and no-RLS group...

OBJECTIVE: Safety and efficacy data for endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large-vessel occlusion in children are lacking compared with those for adults. We undertook an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular thrombectomy in children and compared their outcomes with adult data. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases to identify prospective and retrospective studies describing patients <18 years treated with endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion...