Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: As thyroid cancer incidence rises, it is increasingly valuable to recognize disparities in treatment and diagnosis. Prior investigations into social determinants of health (SDoH) are limited to pediatric populations or studies looking at single factors such as race or environmental influences. Utilizing the CDC-social vulnerability index and SEER-patient database to assess the amalgamated, real-world influence of varied SDoH and their quantifiable impact on thyroid cancer disparities across the United States...

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BACKGROUND: The dabrafenib plus trametinib combination (DT) has revolutionized treatment of BRAFV600E-mutated anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (BRAFm-ATC). However, patients eventually develop resistance and progress. Single-agent anti-PD-1 inhibitor spartalizumab has shown a median overall survival (mOS) of 5.9 months. Combination of immunotherapy with BRAF/MEK inhibitors seems to improve outcomes compared to BRAF/MEK inhibitors alone, although no direct comparison is available. BRAF-targeted therapy prior to surgery (neoadjuvant approach) has also shown improvement in survival...

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Background: The importance of thyroid hormones (THs) for peripheral body temperature regulation has been long recognized, as medical conditions such as hyper- and hypothyroidism lead to alterations in body temperature and energy metabolism. In the past decade, the brain actions of THs and their respective nuclear receptors, thyroid hormone receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ), coordinating body temperature regulation have moved into focus. However, the exact roles of the individual TR isoforms and their precise neuroanatomical substrates remain poorly understood...

Background: This study aimed to measure fear of thyroid cancer in the general U.S. population and identify factors associated with a high level of thyroid cancer-specific fear that may contribute to overtreatment. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using Prolific Academic Ltd. ® , an online survey platform. The survey was administered in August 2020 to English speaking adults (>17 years) in the United States who were registered with Prolific . The target sample was stratified to represent the demographics of the U...

Background: Recent successes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of solid malignancies have paved the way for a new era of combined therapy. A common side effect seen with each of these classes of treatment is thyroid dysfunction, with rates estimated at 30-40% for TKI and 10-20% for ICI. However, little is known about the effect of combined ICI+TKI therapy on thyroid function. Therefore, this study evaluated the incidence, clinical features, and risk factors for developing thyroid abnormalities during ICI+TKI therapy and the relationship to cancer outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal metabolic disorder. In patients with CH in China, thyroid dyshormonogenesis is more common than thyroid dysgenesis; however, the genetic causes of CH due to thyroid dyshormonogenesis remain largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel candidate causative genes for CH. METHODS: To identify novel CH candidate genes, a total of 599 patients with CH were enrolled and next-generation sequencing was performed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: Graves' disease has been associated with adverse pregnancy, labor and delivery, and neonatal outcomes. Thyroid function levels, assessed during newborn screening (NBS), can serve as indicators of the adaptation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. We utilized data from the national thyroid NBS program to investigate the characteristics of the mother-infant dyad of term infants born to mothers with past or active Graves' disease. Methods: The dataset of the Israeli NBS for thyroid function was linked with the electronic records of a tertiary medical center to generate a unified database of mothers and their term infants born between 2011 and 2021...

Background: Risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules are limited by low specificity. The fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy size thresholds and stratification criteria are based on evidence from the literature and expert consensus. Our aims were to investigate the optimal FNA biopsy size thresholds in the American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) and artificial intelligence (AI) TI-RADS and to revise the stratification criteria in AI TI-RADS. Methods: A total of 2596 thyroid nodules (in 2511 patients) on ultrasound examination with definite pathological diagnoses were retrospectively identified from January 2017 to September 2021 in 6 participating Chinese hospitals...

Background: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is an adverse effect of high dose radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid carcinoma. There are currently no established preventive measures. This study assesses whether preservative free artificial tears (PFATs) can decrease the 131 I sodium iodide (131 I) activity in the tears of patients following RAI therapy for thyroid carcinoma, and potentially serve as a preventive measure for RAI-associated NLDO. Methods: This non-randomized prospective pilot clinical trial recruited contact-lens wearing patients undergoing RAI therapy for thyroid cancer to self-administer PFATs into the right eye for four days starting on the day of RAI ingestion...

Objective: Redifferentiation therapy (RDT) can restore radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cells to enable salvage 131 I therapy for previously RAI refractory (RAIR) disease. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RDT and identified clinicopathologic characteristics predictive of RAI restoration following RDT. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of 33 patients with response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST)-progressive metastatic RAIR-DTC who underwent RDT between 2017 and 2022 at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN)...

Background: The impact of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging on postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia is controversial. As patients with Graves' disease are at increased risk, our aim was to compare postoperative parathyroid function in these patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT) with or without NIRAF imaging. Methods: This was a retrospective "before and after" study, comparing outcomes of patients who underwent TT without or with NIRAF imaging at a single center. Primary outcome was the incidence of temporary hypocalcemia and secondary outcomes, rates of incidental parathyroidectomy on final specimens and permanent hypocalcemia...

Background: Total thyroidectomy (TT) and hemithyroidectomy (HT) are acceptable surgical options for the treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). While previous data suggest similar disease-free and disease-specific survival regardless of initial surgical treatment, the effect of the extent of surgery on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is less clear. This systematic review aimed to examine HRQOL in low-risk DTC survivors after TT compared with HT. Methods: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases was conducted to identify studies published between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2022, that assessed HRQOL predominantly in patients with low-risk DTC who underwent open thyroid surgery...

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Background: An accurate preoperative workup of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN) may rule out malignancy and avoid diagnostic surgery for benign nodules. This study assessed the performance of molecular diagnostics (MD) and 2-[18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18 F]FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in ITN, including their combined use, and explored whether molecular alterations drive the differences in [18 F]FDG uptake among benign nodules. Methods: Adult, euthyroid patients with a Bethesda III or IV thyroid nodule were prospectively included in this multicenter study...

Background Thyroid cancer cell lines have been of great value for the study of thyroid cancer. However, the availability of benign thyroid adenoma cell lines is limited. Methods Cell lines were established from thyroid adenomatous nodules that developed in mice treated with the goitrogen amitrole. Expression of epithelial, mesenchymal and thyroid markers of these established cell lines was determined and the effect of lentivirus-transduced overexpression of NKX2-1, a master regulator of thyroid development, on the thyroid marker expression was examined...