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International Journal of Legal Medicine

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379062/validation-of-age-estimation-methods-through-the-scapula-in-a-mediterranean-non-adult-population
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María de Las Nieves Nogueras López, Manuel Partido Navadijo, Javier Irurita Olivares
Age estimation methods through the metric study of bones in non-adult individuals are a frequently used tool in Biological and Forensic Anthropology; however, few methodological validation studies are available, given the limited number of adequate samples for their study. In this context, the aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of the methods of Fazekas and Kósa (1978), Saunders et al. (1993), Rissech and Black (2007) and Cardoso et al. (2017), for age estimation through the measurements of the scapula, in the non-adult osteological collection of the Anthropology Laboratory of the University of Granada (Spain), one of the most representative identified non-adult collections internationally...
February 21, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379061/forensic-application-of-three-interstitial-pneumonia-markers-search-for-new-pneumonia-markers-in-dead-bodies
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keisuke Okaba, Go Inokuchi, Kie Horioka, Hirotaro Iwase, Hiroyuki Inoue, Ayumi Motomura, Namiko Ishii, Chihiro Moue, Takayuki Shiomi, Daisuke Yajima
In forensic cases, detailed identification of pneumonia is important. Our objective was to statistically determine the applicability of three interstitial lung disease (ILD) markers for forensic diagnosis using serum collected from dead bodies with various postmortem intervals (PMIs). We retrospectively analyzed the levels of postmortem serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D) using 221 samples obtained during forensic autopsy at our facility from 2019 to 2023...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38376570/ballistic-long-bone-fracture-pattern-an-experimental-study
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathalie Schwab, Xavier Jordana, Jordi Monreal, Xavier Garrido, Joan Soler, Manel Vega, Pedro Brillas, Ignasi Galtés
When dealing with badly preserved cadavers or skeletal human remains, the assessment of death circumstances remains challenging. When forensic evidence cannot be taken from the skin and soft tissue, the information may only be deduced from more resistant elements such as bone. Compared to cranial gunshot injuries, reliable data on ballistic long bone trauma remains scarce. This study aims to define ballistic fracture characteristics in human long bones. The shaft of 16 femurs and 13 humeri from body donors was perpendicularly shot with a 9-mm Luger full metal jacket bullet at an impact velocity of 360 m/s from a distance of 2 m...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374289/letter-to-the-editor-regarding-the-article-heart-weight-must-not-be-measured-before-dissection-during-autopsies
#24
LETTER
Francesca Cazzato, Simone Grassi, Ramon Brugada, Antonio Oliva
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374288/victims-of-drug-facilitated-sexual-assault-aged-13-24-a-cross-sectional-study-on-the-pool-of-users-of-a-sexual-violence-relief-centre-in-northern-italy
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cinzia Simonaggio, Elena Rubini, Giulia Facci, Paola Castagna, Antonella Canavese, Lorenza Scotti, Sarah Gino
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between drugs and alcohol intake and sexual abuse in adolescents, otherwise defined as Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault (DFSA). We considered the survivors who accessed care at the Centre "Soccorso Violenza Sessuale" (SVS - Sexual Violence Relief Centre) in Turin (Italy), between May 2003 and May 2022. We found that 973 patients aged 13-24 among which 228 were victims of DFSA. Epidemiological and anamnestic aspects of the episode of sexual violence were examined, with a specific focus on investigating the alcohol and/or drug intake as reported by the victim, along with the results of the toxicological analysis...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374287/hypothermic-sepsis-in-time-since-death-estimation-a-case-report
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefan Potente, Victoria Hanser, Sara Heinbuch, Arne Wrede, Nadine Schäfer, Peter Schmidt
Both hyper- and hypothermia are problematic in temperature based forensic time since death estimation. Hyperthermia may occur in infection, traumatic brain injury, and intoxication. Hypothermia is encountered predominantly in exposure. Sepsis may present itself clinically as hypothermic. Sepsis is not uncommon in the forensic setting and mostly occurs in the context of malpractice accusations. There is usually little overlap between sepsis and typical forensic time since death estimation scenarios of violent or otherwise suspicious deaths...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374286/forensic-taphonomic-experimental-design-matters-a-study-assessing-clothing-and-carrion-biomass-load-on-scavenging-in-cape-town-south-africa
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kara Sierra Adams, Devin Alexander Finaughty, Victoria Elaine Gibbon
The identification of unknown human remains is a significant and ongoing challenge in South Africa, worsened by the country's high murder rate. The rate of decomposition in South Africa is significantly influenced by vertebrate scavenging, which, if not considered, can impede the accurate estimation of the post-mortem interval. Scavenging patterns vary greatly depending on the environment and ecological region, and there is limited data for the Western Cape province. To address this gap, two clothed and uncaged pig carcasses weighing 60 kg each were placed in the field in July 2021 and January 2022, respectively...
February 19, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369682/development-of-a-novel-five-dye-insertion-deletion-indel-panel-for-ancestry-determination
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucio L Avellaneda, Damani T Johnson, Ryan M Gutierrez, Lindsey Thompson, Sarah A Sturm, Kelly A Sage, Rachel M Houston, Bobby L LaRue
The use of genetic markers, specifically Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), has been a valuable tool for identifying persons of interest. However, the ability to analyze additional markers including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Insertion/Deletion (INDELs) polymorphisms allows laboratories to explore other investigative leads. INDELs were chosen in this study because large panels can be differentiated by size, allowing them to be genotyped by capillary electrophoresis. Moreover, these markers do not produce stutter and are smaller in size than STRs, facilitating the recovery of genetic information from degraded samples...
February 19, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368279/fatal-bowel-perforation-caused-by-ingestion-of-high-powered-magnets-in-a-6-year-old-boy
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pierre-Antoine Peyron, Claire Villard, Eric Baccino
Foreign body ingestion in children is a frequent cause for medical consultation. Although most foreign bodies are spontaneously eliminated from the gastrointestinal tract, life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation can occur. We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who died 2 days after the onset of nausea and abdominal pain, with no foreign body ingestion witnessed or reported in the previous days. Autopsy showed a diffuse peritonitis and a perforation of the transverse colon caused by three high-powered magnets stacked together, and attached to the outer stomach wall via a fourth magnet located in the stomach...
February 17, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38367027/radiological-assessment-of-periodontal-ligament-space-visibility-on-third-molars-for-forensic-age-assessment-a-comparison-study-of-three-different-staging-scales
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Timme, Laurin Steffens, Jan Viktorov, Adam Streeter, André Karch, Andreas Schmeling
Various staging scales have been proposed for the assessment of the visibility of the periodontal ligament space of mandibular third molars on dental panoramic radiographs (PANs) for forensic age assessment in living individuals. However, up to now, there has been no systematic comparison between these staging scales available. We directly compared the 2010 staging scale proposed by Olze et al. with the 2017 staging by Lucas et al. and the 2020 staging by Guo et al. in a German study population. We evaluated 233 PANs from 115 females and 118 males aged 20...
February 17, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351206/postmortem-ct-analysis-of-paranasal-sinuses-using-an-experimental-model-of-drowning
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Tyr, Brita Zilg, Tobias Gelius, Rasmus Möllby, Nina Heldring
Fluid-filled paranasal sinuses are suggested to be a valuable tool to distinguish between drowning and non-drowning postmortem, yet the mechanisms governing fluid entry remains unknown. We investigate if fluid-filled paranasal sinuses are caused by a passive influx from submersion or an active aspiration mechanism during drowning. The ovine nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses are remarkably similar anatomically to humans, and have been used for endoscopic surgical training in recent decades. We submerged 15 decapitated ovine heads from agricultural waste at a depth of 2 m in flowing water for 1, 8, and 24 h and 7 days...
February 13, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351205/human-identification-an-investigation-of-3d-models-of-paranasal-sinuses-to-establish-a-biological-profile-on-a-modern-uk-population
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madeline Robles, Sherry Nakhaeizadeh, Carolyn Rando, Ruth M Morgan
Medical imaging is a valuable source for facilitating empirical research and provides an accessible gateway for developing novel forensic anthropological methods for analysis including 3D modelling. This is especially critical for the United Kingdom (UK), where methods developed from modern UK populations do not currently exist. This study introduces a new approach to assist in human identification using 3D models of the paranasal sinuses. The models were produced from a database of 500 modern CT scans provided by University College London Hospital...
February 13, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340162/further-experiments-and-remarks-regarding-the-possible-formation-of-blood-stains-on-the%C3%A2-turin-shroud-stains-attributed-to-the-nailing-of-the-hands
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Heger, Lisa König, Alexandra Reckert, Melanie Schröder, Ferhat Kiliç, Farahs Emami, Stefanie Ritz-Timme
The formation of red discolorations ('blood stains') on the Turin Shroud (TS), a Christian relic believed to be the burial cloth of Jesus of Nazareth, is controversially discussed. We performed experiments to identify possible explanations for the formation of the stains on the hands and forearms of the Turin Shroud Man (TSM). In preliminary non-standardised experiments, after applying blood to the dorsal and palmar side of the probands' wrists, they moved their arms around at their own discretion to provoke blood flows as similar as possible to those on the TS...
February 10, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38337078/pediatric-motor-vehicle-crashes-injuries-a-systematic-review-for-forensic-evaluation
#34
REVIEW
Elena Giovannini, Simone Santelli, Guido Pelletti, Maria Paola Bonasoni, Angela Cornacchia, Susi Pelotti, Paolo Fais
Children involved in car crashes can experience either direct trauma or inertial injuries resulting from interactions with external objects, such as other vehicles, or with the restraint system. Furthermore, improper use of restraint systems can lead to additional severe injuries. Recent reports from international institutions underscored the persistent prevalence of inadequate restraint systems utilization and this widespread issue increases children's vulnerability and risk of injuries.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained in children involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements useful for forensic assessment...
February 10, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332350/bone-age-assessment-based-on-different-mri-modalities-of-the-proximal-humerus-epiphysis-the-comparisons-of-t-1-wi-t-2-wi-and-pdwi
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Su Jiao, Yilitabier Tuerhong, Cheng-Xu Chen, Xin-Hua Dai, Ting Lu, Zhao Peng, Zhen-Hua Deng, Fei Fan
Bone age assessment (BAA) is crucial in various fields, including legal proceedings, athletic competitions, and clinical medicine. However, the use of X-ray methods for age estimation without medical indication is subject to ethical debate, especially in forensic and athletic fields. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with non-ionizing radiation can overcome this limitation in BAA. This study aimed to compare the application value of several MRI modalities of proximal humeral in BAA. A total of 468 patients with shoulder MRIs were retrospectively collected from a Chinese Han population aged 12-30 years (259 males and 209 females) for training and testing, including T1 weighted MRI (T1 WI), T2 weighted MRI (T2 WI), and Proton density weighted MRI (PDWI)...
February 9, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332349/death-by-accidental-intravenous-administration-of-gasoline
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pero Bubalo, Marina Nestic, Slavica Martinovic, Marija Bakovic, Davor Mayer, Anita Galic Mihic
Herein, we present the case of accidental intravenous injection of gasoline in a 62-year-old male who was admitted to a dialysis center for his regular hemodialysis. Due to previous contact with another SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) positive patient, the hemodialysis was conducted in an isolated room. At the end of the procedure, the nurse, wearing all necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), in the intent to clean the dialysis catheter, applied medical gasoline, instead of 0...
February 9, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329584/automated-detection-of-fatal-cerebral-haemorrhage-in-postmortem-ct-data
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Zirn, Eva Scheurer, Claudia Lenz
During the last years, the detection of different causes of death based on postmortem imaging findings became more and more relevant. Especially postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) as a non-invasive, relatively cheap, and fast technique is progressively used as an important imaging tool for supporting autopsies. Additionally, previous works showed that deep learning applications yielded robust results for in vivo medical imaging interpretation. In this work, we propose a pipeline to identify fatal cerebral haemorrhage on three-dimensional PMCT data...
February 8, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326653/methods-for-the-optimal-preservation-of-blow-fly-intra-puparial-forms-for-morphological-analysis-in-forensic-casework
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaime López-García, Mario A Piña, Brett Clark, Martin J R Hall, Daniel Martín-Vega
Accurate minimum post-mortem interval (minPMI) estimations often rely on a precise age determination of insect developmental stages, which is significantly influenced by environmental temperature. An optimal preservation of the entomological samples collected at crime scenes is pivotal for a reliable aging of immature insect samples. For blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), the most widely used insect indicators in forensic investigations, an appropriate preservation of tissues is particularly important in the case of puparial samples because aging methods for intra-puparial forms usually depend on morphological analyses; however, although informative soft tissues and structures could be discoloured and/or distorted if they are not properly fixed, there is a lack of studies to assess different methods for the optimal preservation of intra-puparial forms collected in forensic investigations...
February 7, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38321300/forensic-investigation-on-a-combined-death-by-food-aspiration-and-acute-escitalopram-intoxication-occurred-to-a-psychiatric-subject-in-a-nursing-home
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P Zuccarello, G Carnazza, M Salerno, M Esposito, S Cosentino, A Giorlandino, F Sessa, C Pomara, N Barbera
Food aspiration is one of the major health risks for elderly people in nursing homes which could lead to death. Moreover, misconducts in pharmacotherapy may represent a potential risk of adverse drug reactions. It is reported here the toxicological evaluation of a combined death by food aspiration and acute escitalopram intoxication of a psychiatric subject, occurred in a nursing home. An 89-year-old man, suffering from dysphagia and Alzheimer's, was resident in a nursing home. He was fed with a liquid diet administered directly in mouth using a syringe...
February 6, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316656/population-affinity-estimation-using-pelvic-measurements-based-on-computed-tomographic-data-acquired-from-japanese-and-western-australian-populations
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suguru Torimitsu, Akari Nakazawa, Ambika Flavel, Lauren Swift, Yohsuke Makino, Hirotaro Iwase, Daniel Franklin
The present study analyzes morphological differences in the pelvis of Japanese and Western Australian individuals and investigates the feasibility of population affinity classification based on computed tomography (CT) data. The Japanese and Western Australian samples comprise CT scans of 207 (103 females; 104 males) and 158 (78 females; 80 males) adult individuals, respectively. Following volumetric reconstruction, a total of 19 pelvic landmarks were obtained on each sample, and 11 measurements, including two angles, were calculated...
February 6, 2024: International Journal of Legal Medicine
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